中考英语命题研究 第二部分 语法专题突破篇 专题十 动词的时态 第一节 时态的基本构成（精讲）试题1

专题十动词的时态,青海五年中考命题规律及趋势编者按：动词时态是青海中考必考点，主要涉及过去进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时。其中过去进行时考查频率最高，其次为现在完成时和一般过去时。以单项选择中考查时态的用法居多。所以，考生要重点掌握六种时态的基本用法和构成，也要掌握时态的判断方法。尤其是现在完成时的用法，重点掌握现在完成时的结构和现在完成时中持续性动词与非持续性动词的转换。第一节时态的基本构成,青海中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1动词的五种基本形式变化表英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式。be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加s。workworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加es。gogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加es。flyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加ed。workworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加d。closeclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。studystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ed。stopstoppedplanplanned续表形式构成例词现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ing。sleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。smilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ing。sitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。diedyinglielying常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动词延续性动词have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave been onhave finished/endedhave been overhave becomehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known.常见六种时态的构成及用法种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般现在时1.现阶段经常性或习惯性动作；2.目前的状态；3.客观真理。be用am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加s/es；其他人称和数用动词原形。often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/year(every系列)He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。一般过去时1.过去发生的动作；2.过去存在的状态。be用was/were；其他动词用过去式。just now， ago，in 1980，last night/week/month(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般将来时1.将来发生的动作；2.将来存在的状态。1.助动词will(shall)动词原形；2.am/is/are going to动词原形。tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。现在进行时说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。am/is/are动词的现在分词。now，at present，at the moment，look，listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？电话响了，你可以接听一下吗？表示位置移动或状态变化的动词，如：come，go，leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。过去进行时过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。was/were动词的现在分词。at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示过去时间的状语从句。I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时，通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。现在完成时1.到现在为止已经完成的动作；对现在还有影响；2.从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。have/has动词的过去分词。yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten yearsHe has only been to the Great Wall once.他去过长城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。1.since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；2.短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一般时间连用必须换成延续性动词。(见上表)考点抢测】( B )1.(2016武汉中考)Who is that lady?Shes Miss Green.She _ us music，and she is so good.AtaughtBteachesCwill teach Dis teaching( B )2.(2016北京中考)Where did you go last weekend?I _ to the Great Wall.Ago BwentCwill go Dhave gone( B )3.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian _ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.Abuy BboughtCwill buy Dwould buy( B )4.(2016河北中考)Oh no！I _ my book in the lab.Aleave BleftCwill leave Dwas leaving( B )5.(2016河南中考)There is someone knocking at the door.It must be the computer repairman.I _him to come to fix my computer.Acall Bhave calledCcalled Dwill call( C )6.We make it a rule that each of us_the bedroom one day a week.Ahas cleanedBhave cleanedCcleans( C )7.Mr.Green，a famous writer，_ our school next week.Avisited BvisitsCwill visit( C )8.The last time I_to the cinema was two years ago.Ago Bhave goneCwent( C )9.Look，some people_photos on the beach.Atook BtakesCare taking( B )10.My brother_books at that moment.Aread Bwas readingCwill read( C )11.(2016青海中考模拟)I_Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.Adidnt hear fromBdont hear fromChavent heard from