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专题十二,动词的语态,动词的语态,1,被动语态的构成,分析近3年甘肃中考真题可以看出,动词的语态跟动词的时态一样,属于每年中考的重点。涉及题型主要在语法与情景对话、完形填空和词汇考查中。一般会和时态合在一起考查,考生在做题时,可以根据语态排除错误选项,最后再细读题干,判断哪种时态,最终确定答案。,1.中考需掌握的各种时态的被动语态的构成见下表:,2.主动语态转化为被动语态的方法,3.被动语态的几种特殊情况,(1)make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等实义动词或感官动词在主动语态中与省略to的动词不定式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原to。如:Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.我经常看见这位老人在早上跑步。Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.这位老人常被看见在早上跑步。(2)一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应视为一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell.这只小狗必须被好好照顾。,4.主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况,(1)不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。如:Thebookssellwell.这些书销售得很好。,(2)系动词无被动语态。如:Theapplestastenice.苹果尝起来很好吃。(3)不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。如:Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。(4)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。如:Illhavethebikerepairedsoon.我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。(5)在need后面,接动词的-ing形式表达被动的意思。如:Yourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要浇水了。,2,被动语态的用法,1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.昨天晚上一些新电脑被偷了。2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。如:Thehomeworkmustbehandedinontime.家庭作业必须按时交上来。,考点小练,1.You(give)anotherdaytomakeyourowndecision.,2.DuringtheSpringFestival,papercuttings(put)onwindows,doorsandwalls.,3.ChineseNewYear(call)theSpringFestival.Peopleofteneatdumplings.,willbegiven,areput,iscalled,3.说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。常用句型:Itissaidthat据说;Itisreportedthat据报道;Itishopedthat希望;Itisbelievedthat人们相信;Itis(well)knownthat众所周知,7.Wetostartatonce,orwewillmissthetrain.A.tellB.havetoldC.aretoldD.told,8.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.shouldntbethrownC.needntthrowD.shouldntthrow,9.AwonderfulEnglishspeechcontestintheschoolhallnextMonday.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive,C,B,C,4.Sorry,youcanttakethisseat.It(take).,5.Youshouldtryyourbesttomakesurethattheplant(water)onceadayifyouwantittogrowwell.,6.Manyhousesbytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedC.weredamagingD.aredamaged,wastaken,iswatered,B,
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