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单元综合测评（四）(时间：100分钟；满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)APlants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide (CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，”said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1，634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.【语篇解读】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。1What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.【解析】细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。【答案】B2We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that Aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingBthere are 1，634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change【解析】细节理解题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。【答案】C3Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much faster than before【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。【答案】B4What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【解析】推理判断题。从倒数第二段“.has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。【答案】DB(2015陕西高考)The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition, new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来了很大的利润，但与此同时也给我们带来了很多危害，影响我们生活的各个层面，因此我们要做出正确的选择。5What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4?AIt limits the spread of new growingtechniques.BIt leads to air pollution and global warming.CIt slows down the loss of shade trees.DIt improves local soil conditions.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段中的.the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知B项正确。由第四段第一句可知，是扩大了而不是限制了新种植技术的传播，故A项错误；它破坏了雨林生态系统，而不是减慢了这些树的丧失速度，故C项错误；由第四段最后一句可知，这种新的种植技术导致了酸性土壤状况而不是改进了土壤状况，故D项错误。【答案】B6The purpose of the text is to AentertainBadvertiseCinstructDpersuade【解析】观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，旨在说服大家做出正确的选择，故选D项persuade(说服)。entertain娱乐，advertise做广告，instruct指导，均不合适。【答案】D7Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultural magazine.BA medical journal.CAn engineering textbook.DA tourist guide.【解析】推理判断题。本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，这属于农学的范畴，因此最有可能出自一本农学杂志，故选A项。B项A medical journal(一本医学杂志)，C项An engineering textbook(一本工程教科书)，D项A tourist guide(一本旅行指南)，均不正确。【答案】A8Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P：Paragraph)【解析】文章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段从整体上介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来的危害，中间第二、三、四段详细介绍了具体的危害，最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各个层面，消费者要做出正确的选择。因此，整篇文章属于“总分总”结构，故选A项。【答案】AC(2015湖北高考)What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern growyourown lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles，Loe and her family grow，can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver，gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website，where she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草)and foods for that fresh flavor，”she said.Engineer by day，Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farmfresh without a farm，”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)? Plant some herbs.A window? Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs，she recommends，because “theyre very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，”she added.“I think its a great place to start.”Then? Try growing something from a seed，she said，like a tomato or some tea.Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food，Loe noted，theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar，”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food，knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food shes eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children：“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture，”she said，“that if we dont take care of the earth，no one will.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Theresa Loe是一个热爱生活的人，她用自己的方式带领全家在现代生活中找到一条特有的自给自足的生活方式。不仅如此，她还想用这种方式来教育自己的孩子们从小就要树立保护地球的意识。9The underlined word“prerequisite”(Para.1)is closest in meaning to “ ”ArecipeBsubstituteCrequirementDchallenge【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的a large farm和第二句可知，很多人都以为要做到自给自足就要有一个大农场，但是在Loe看来，大农场并不是这种生活方式的必要条件，只有另辟蹊径，就能找到解决问题的方法。由此可知画线的单词与requirement意思最接近，所以选择C项。【答案】C10Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?AThey are used daily.BThey are easy to grow.CThey can grow very tall.DThey can be eaten uncooked.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的because“theyre very forgiving.”可知，Loe建议从种植香草开始，是因为这种植物对你的要求不苛刻，很容易成活，所以选择B项。而根据下一句话可知把香草作为调料会让你做的饭味道大大改善，但是不能由此推断出这种调料每天都被使用，所以不能选择A项。C项和D项在文中没有提及。【答案】B11According to Loe，what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?AIt can preserve their best flavor.BIt can promote her online sales.CIt can better her cooking skills.DIt can improve their nutrition.【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的its bursting with its absolute peak flavor和keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar可知，Loe这样做是为了最大限度地保存食物最好的味道，与A项中的preserve their best flavor吻合。由此可以排除B、C、D三项。【答案】AD(2015四川高考)Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back，he bought a small farm in the country，just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables，fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell，Dad said the stronger the manure，the healthier the crops，and he was right.For example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in，Dad threw himself into cooking.One day，armed with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜)Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.For about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally，Dad turned off the stove，the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dads pile of chicken manure was bad，this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid，the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it？The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didnt offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup!【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲虽然背部有残疾，但是他积极肯干，用乐观的心态感染着自己的家人，而他的劳动成果也给家人带来了快乐。12Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgins chicken house regularly?ATo earn some money for the family.BTo collect manure for his crops.CTo get rid of the terrible smell.DTo set a good example to us.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)可知，父亲打扫鸡舍是为了换取粪肥。文章没有提到父亲清扫鸡舍是为了赚钱，因此排除A项；C项偏离了文章主旨，故排除；文章也没讲到要为孩子们树立好榜样的问题，所以D项也可排除。【答案】B13What can we infer about Dads stew?AIt is popular among the neighbors.BIt contains honey and vegetables.CIt looks very wonderful.DIt tastes quite delicious.【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句话.edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup！可以得知大家喝光了最后一滴汤，这说明父亲做的炖菜很好吃，故选D项。由第四段中的The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak！可知A项错误；由第三段中的.filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.可知，炖菜中并没有放蜂蜜，所以B项错误，由最后一段中的It didnt look that bad.可知，C项中的very wonderful错误。【答案】D14What does the underlined word“offend”in the last paragraph mean?ATo attract.BTo upset.CTo air.DTo shut.【解析】词义猜测题。由最后一段中的It didnt look that bad.it didnt offend the nose so much，either.可知，炖菜看起来没那么糟也没有那么 鼻子。由关键词either可知，闻起来也没那么差，因此也不会那么“刺激”鼻子，所以offend的意思为to upset。【答案】B15What can we learn about Dad from the text?AHe is an experienced cook.BHe is a troublesome father.CHe has a positive attitude to life.DHe suffers a lot from his disability.【解析】推理判断题。从文章的内容来看爸爸虽然背部有残疾，但他勤劳肯干。例如，他通过做打扫鸡舍这种脏活儿来换取肥料，并且还为家人做菜。所有这些都体现出爸爸对生活积极向上的态度。【答案】C.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)【导学号：15680053】How to Make Someone Feel Good about Bad GradesAcknowledge that the subject might have been difficult for them. 16 Sometimes its also good to slightly point out a different area or subject that you had trouble with, just to assure them that they arent the only ones struggling with something. 17 Help them on any questions they are confused with, and if they still dont get it, talk it over with them! Ask them if they would like some extra help with that specific part. Getting extra help is a good idea if they are struggling with something others in the class are understanding.Encourage them to communicate. 18 Encourage the student to talk to their teacher about what the teacher isnt doing well or what they could do to do better.Be supportive. Nobody likes getting bad grades, especially if they felt that they honestly did work really hard. 19 Let them know that it isnt the end for them. They still have a lot of opportunities to achieve.Give them words of courage and express the importance of attitude. 20 You should let them know that if they want to succeed they will need to hang on to their patience and determination. Patience and determination should not conflict with each other. Most of successful people were driven by the determination to succeed in their soul.AKeep track of your grades.BEverybody has strengths and weaknesses.CSometimes, teachers have no idea whether or not a teaching method is successful.DBad grades wont bring you a bad future, but a bad attitude will do.EAsk them what specific part of the course or test they have trouble on.FThis will improve your brainpower and you will be able to memorize more information at school.GLet them know that youre there to help them if they need it and that youre sure theyll do better next time.【答案】1620BECGD.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)The Pecan ThiefWhen I was six years old，I was visiting my grandfathers farm in Kansas.Grandpa had sent me into the 21 to gather pecans for us to enjoy later.Pecan picking was really 22 work and my little basket was only half full.I wasnt about to 23 Grandpa down.Just then something caught my 24 .A large brown squirrel was a few feet away.I watched as he picked up a pecan，hurried to a tree and 25 in a large hole in the trunk.A moment later the squirrel 26 out and climbed down to the ground to pick up another nut.Once again，he took the pecan back to his hiding place.Not so 27 anymore，I thought.I dashed over to the tree and looked into the hole.It was 28 with pecans! Golden pecans were right there for taking.This was my 29 Handful by handful，I scooped all of those pecans into my basket.Now it was full! I was so 30 of myself.I couldnt wait to show Grandpa all the pecans. 31 ，I ran back and shouted，“Look at all the pecans！” He looked into the basket and said，“Well，well，how did you find so many？” I told him how Id 32 the squirrel and taken the pecans from his hiding place.Grandpa congratulated me on how smart Id been in observing the squirrel and his habits.Then he did something that 33 me.He handed the basket back to me and put his arm gently 34 my shoulders.“That squirrel worked very hard to gather his winter 35 of food，” he said.“Now that all of his pecans are gone，dont you think that little squirrel will 36 the cold winter？”“I didnt think about that，” I said.“I know，” Grandpa said.“But a good man should never take 37 of someone elses hard work.” Suddenly I felt a bit 38 The image of the starving squirrel wouldnt 39 my mind.There was only one thing I could do.I carried the basket back to the tree and poured all the nuts into the hole.I didnt eat any pecans that night，but I had something much more fillingthe 40 of knowing I had done just the right thing.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。爷爷让孙子去树林里捡山核桃，而孙子为图省时省力，跟踪松鼠捡了它储备的山核桃。爷爷就此事教育孙子：不要利用他人的辛勤劳动。21A.roomsBwoodsCholesDroads【解析】从上下文知，我被爷爷派去捡山核桃，再结合第一句中的“farm”和选项可知我应该到树林(woods)里去，而不是房间(room)，洞里(hole)和路上(road)。【答案】B22A.hardBdirtyClightDeasy【解析】从后面的我才捡半篮山核桃可知，捡山核桃对我来说是一项挺困难的(hard)活，其他选项都不符合语境。【答案】A23A.letBsettleChaveDkeep【解析】从下文知，我不想让爷爷失望，此处let sb.down是固定词组，意为“令某人失望”。【答案】A24A.sweaterBbasketCeyeDhand【解析】就在此时，不远处的一只棕色大松鼠引起了我的注意。catch ones eye表示“引起某人的注意”。【答案】C25A.joinedBlivedCdiscoveredDdisappeared【解析】那只松鼠捡起一颗山核桃向一棵树跑去，最后消失(disappear)在树干的大洞中。该句中的三个动作表承接：先pick up，然后hurry to，最后disappear。join“加入”，live“生存”，discover“发现”，都不符合语境。【答案】D26A.jumpedBheldCstoodDfound【解析】该处表示：不久，那只松鼠又从洞中跳了出来(jump out)，故选A项。hold out“伸出，坚持”；stand out“突出”；find out“发现”，都不符合语境。【答案】A27A.strangeBsecretCanxiousDpatient【解析】从后文中dashed over to the tree可知，作者认为松鼠捡山核桃不再是秘密了。【答案】B28A.coveredBfilledCrebuiltDdecorated【解析】我发现洞中到处都是山核桃，be filled with是固定词组，意为“充满着”，符合语境；be covered with“覆盖”；be decorated with“用装饰”。【答案】B29A.timeBchoiceCchanceDachievement【解析】当看到洞中有这么多的山核桃，作者认为自己的机会来了。【答案】C30A.afraidBashamedCcarefulDproud【解析】作者拿了这么多的山核桃，心里非常高兴，当然很骄傲。be proud of “自豪，高兴”，符合语境。be afraid of表示“害怕，担忧”；be ashamed of表示“感到羞愧”；be careful of表示“小心”。【答案】D31A.OtherwiseBHoweverCBesidesDTherefore【解析】此处表示我迫不及待地想把捡到的山核桃让爷爷看，因此兴奋地大叫起来，前后句构成“因果关系”，用therefore。otherwise“否则”；however“然而”；besides“除此之外还”。【答案】D32A.drivenBfollowedCprotectedDcaught【解析】我告诉了爷爷，我是如何跟踪(follow)松鼠，从而找到这些山核桃的。【答案】B33A.annoyedBsatisfiedCsurprisedDdelighted【解析】此处表示爷爷虽然表扬了我，但他接下来做的事情让我很吃惊(surprised)。【答案】C34A.offBbesideCoverDaround【解析】爷爷用胳膊揽着我的肩膀，用介词around。【答案】D35A.supplyBcostCsupportDpreparation【解析】松鼠努力工作，收集了过冬食物，此处supply of food表示“食物储备”。【答案】A36A.escapeBspendCsurviveDflee【解析】你把他的食物都拿走了，难道你没有想过他在寒冷的冬天还能活下去吗？survive“挺过”，符合语境。【答案】C37A.placeBnoticeCadvantageDcharge【解析】好人不应该利用(take advantage of)别人的辛勤劳动。take place of“代替”；take notice of“注意到”；take charge of “负责”，都与语境不符。【答案】C38A.guiltyBunconfidentCembarrassedDnervous【解析】爷爷说了这些话后，我突然有了一种负罪感(guilty)。【答案】A39A.openBleaveCcrossDoccupy【解析】那只松鼠挨饿的场景在我心头挥之不去，所以用leave ones mind表示“离开心头”。【答案】B40A.inspirationBexpectationCimpressionDsa
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