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专题11 定语从句1. Jane paused in front of a counter some attractive ties were on display.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为a counter，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。答案where2. He desired to follow that girl，but longed for the woman spirit had truly companioned and supported him.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the woman，定语从句中名词spirit缺少定语，故要用whose。答案whose3. Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.答案that/which4.Nicks guests， had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.解析考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为Nicks guests，指人，且在从句中做主语，故要用who。非限制性定语从句中不可用that引导。答案who5. However there are times urgent things are most important as well，for example，helping a crying baby in the kitchen due to the fire stove.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为times，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。答案when6. The people of Chu mourned Qus death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the day of his death.解析考查限制性定语从句。先行词是The people of Chu，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。答案who/that7. Bicycles are held to the same standards as motor vehicles in most cases， means that cyclists must obey all the traffic rules，and also have the right to get damages in the accidents.解析考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物要用which。答案which8. After that，well be moving on to Tanzania， were going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.解析考查非限制性定语从句。之后我们将继续到坦桑尼亚，在那里我们要爬乞力马扎罗山。先行词为Tanzania，在定语从句中作地点状语，故要用where引导。答案where9. Once upon a time there was a rich merchant had 4 wives.解析考查限制性定语从句。先行词为a rich merchant，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。答案who/that10. In the following years，there were fewer dropouts and more college graduates in my village， I am proud of even today.答案which易错起源1、正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法 例1. It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。答案which【名师点睛】1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用When，是地点名词就用Where。4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that。 (1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，someting，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。例如:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?You should hand in all that you have.(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no， all，very等词修饰时。例如:This is the very book that Im looking for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:This is the best that has heen wsed against pollution.This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，例如This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou.What is the first Anerican film that you have seen?(5)当先行词既人又有物时，例如:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:Which is the bike that you lost?who is the boy that won the gold medal?【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用that。例如: They secretly buit up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.易错起源2、对介词后接关系代词的考查 例2、Lily took a few friends to my birthday party，none of _ I was familiar with.AwhichBwhose CthatDwhom答案D【名师点睛】“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which， whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性 定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况:一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点:1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如: Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?The Two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:He had a bad cold,because of which he didnt attend the meeting.The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition. 3.根据意思可用复杂介词，如by meansof，asa result of，in front of，in the back of，a11 Of，most of等，例如:The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom ae working hard at a problem in maths.二、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用 which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“”的则用 whose.例如: This is the classroom in which we studided last year He lives in a house, whose door opens to then north.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词 + where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如:They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where 相当于) from the top of the building, 而不是 from the building) 易错起源3、关系代词as的用法例3. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。答案as 【名师点睛】关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式:其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主语)Such people as you describle are thought to be fools nowadys. (作宾语)He is not the same man as he was. (作表语)(2).such as .这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如:He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect. As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.1. Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.答案which2. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.解析句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。答案which3. The books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。答案whose4. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.解析句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。答案which5. China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.解析句意：中国日报吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。答案which6.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.答案which/that/不填7.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的大侦探福尔摩斯。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。答案which8.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.解析考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。答案whose9.Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.解析考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词which。答案which10.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.解析考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。答案that11. The lazy boy is expecting a way in he can get through the exams without hard work.解析考查限制性定语从句。那个懒惰的孩子正在期盼有一种能让他不付出努力就能通过考试的方法。虽然先行词为way，但前面有介词in，只能用关系代词which。答案which12. The boss company I worked in two years ago has much experience in solving such kind of problem.答案whose13. So I decided to leave home for New York， I might have a better chance to find a good job.解析考查非限制性定语从句。我决定到纽约去，在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。先行词是New York，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导。答案where14. Third，we may fall behind others， makes us stressed.解析考查非限制性定语从句。由前面的句子和逗号判断此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，而且是指代前面句子内容，所以用which。答案which15. All of a sudden，her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl， smile just melted me.解析考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。 先行词girl在从句中作定语，所以要用whose。答案whose16. The Whites live in the same community we do.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词community 前有the same修饰，关系代词要用as，构成the same.as结构。答案as17. In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year in locals start to pick and process tea.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物只能用which。答案which18. The old people， were very excited by our visit，told us their personal stories.解析考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。非限制性定语从句的先行词为The old people，在定语从句中充当主语，故用who引导。答案who19.Well，second，be sure to do some research on the company for you are being interviewed.解析考查限制性定语从句的引导词。本句是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，所以要用which。答案which20. The weather was clear，the pilots didnt make any distress calls，and no debris (碎片) was found in the area the flight last made contact.答案where9
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