资源描述
专题12 特殊句式1. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.解析考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词realize，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。答案did2. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.解析考查固定表达。句意：减少工业污染和净化污水需要多年的工作。这里是固定句式It takes (sb)some time to do sth做某事花费(某人)多长时间，故要用动词不定式to reduce。答案to reduce3.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well strong.答案as4. The (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.解析考查固定表达。句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。此处为“the比较级主谓，the比较级主谓”的句型，表示“越就越”。答案harder5. Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much too little.解析考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。neither .nor既不也不。答案nor6.They will be as difficult and painful holding a hot potato.解析考查固定表达。他们将和拿着热土豆一样痛苦和困难。此处是“as形容词as”表示的同级比较句型。答案as7.He loved the 4th wife the most.He took great care of her and gave her nothing the best.解析考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing but只，仅仅。答案but8. And Id like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks. not knives and forks，like Americans?解析考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢？固定表达why not.为什么不呢？答案Why9. So long as we have some，thats enough.And we can learn to spend money.解析考查固定表达。我们能学会如何花钱。learn后面跟的是“疑问词to do”结构。答案how10. Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.解析考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，so.that.结构。答案that易错起源1、强调句的正确运用 例1It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A. whichB. thatC. where D. how【答案】B【名师点睛】使用强调句时，应该注意如下几点:1.强调状语:It is tomorrow that will hold the meeting.(that不能换成when) It was on the sports ground that I found (that 不能换成where)2.强调含有not.util.一结构的句子时，要用 It iswas not until.that.结构。that后的句子要 用肯定句，且须用陈述语序。3.强调句和主语从句句型(指 “It+be+adj.n.+that从句”类型)的异同点:二者均有 It be . thatwho.之类的语言标志。所不同的是: (1)含有主语从句的句子译为汉语时不可加上 “正是”或“就是”之类的字眼，而强调则可以。 (2)含有主语从句的句子若删掉 It be.thatwho.则原句不论结构还是语意均不成立，而强调句去掉结构标志仍然成立。如:It is ture that he once went to to Canada.(不可以去掉 It is及that，否则原句不成立)It was on December 11，典型例题at China became a member of WTO.(去掉was及that后原句仍然成立)【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】1.含有定语从句的强调句型:仔细分析出at或 who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可无(结合it be来分析)，则为强调句，否则是定语从句。如: It was in the lab that was set up by Mr.Smith that they finshed the experiment.(lab后的出at不可省略,因为出at引导定语从句，作该句的主语。句中第二个，that才是强调句的标志。)2.强调谓语时用“do/doesdid+动词原形”。如: He did come yesterday.他昨天的确来了。易错起源2、倒装句的正确运用 例2Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize【答案】D【名师点睛】在下列情况下，句子要完全倒装:1.在there，here 引导的句子中，谓语是be；exist 等表示状态的词。如:Hereisaseatforyou.Tom.There stands a building on；the top of the mountain2.在语气词there，here开头的句子中，谓语是 come，be等。 如:There goes the bell!铃响了!Here comes your husband.你丈夫来了。There you go again你又来这一套。3.由副词now,then,thus 引导的句子中，谓语是 come,begin,be 如: Now comes your turn.Thus ended the meeting.4.在 in, out up, over, back等作状语置于句首时，谓语动词是 come, go, rush, run等的句子里。如:Up and up the pricesOff went the horses5.地点状语提前，谓语是 be ,stand,lie 的句子中如:In front of the door stood a boy.On the ground lay a sick dog.A. 在疑问句里。Do you have an English class every day?What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?在特殊疑问句里，如果疑问词作主语，则不用倒装。Who is in the next room?谁在隔壁房间？What makes you so angry? 什么使你这么生气？B.在以so 开头表示“也一样”，和以nor或neither开关表示“也不一样”的句子里。I get up at seven and so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.C.在以 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, barely , rarely, nowhere, by no means, hot until, hardly (scarcely). when ,no sooner. than 等否定或半否定意义的词位于句首表示强调的句子里。Never before have I met him.我以前从未见过他。Seldom did the boy icad newspapers.这个孩子以前很少读报。 Little do I dream of seeing wonderful seenery.我梦想不到会看到这样神奇的景色。Not until midnight did it stop raining.雨一直下到半夜才停。 Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 他一进屋就开始下雨了。No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to wrok.他们一进工厂就开始工作。 易错起源3、反意疑问句的用法 例3 I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay._ you?A. mustntB. havent C. didntD. hadnt【答案】C【解析】本题考察的反义疑问句中比较特殊的一种“情态动词+have done”的反义疑问句。当主句中“情态动词+have done”后面有过去时的时间状语，就对一般过去时反问；如果句子没有一般过去时的时间状语，就对现在完成时中的助动词have/has提问。句意：去年夏天，我在伦敦两个星期。你在那里的时候，一定去了大英博物馆吧，是吧？本句中有了during your stay你在那里的时候，这是一个一般过去时的时间状语，指去年在那里的时间。所以对一般过去时提问，句中是动词visit，所以使用didnt。 【名师点睛】使用反意疑问句时，应注意下列问题：1.陈述部分包含有no，never，hardly，little等含有否定意义的词时，附加问句用肯定形式(但不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词，如dislike，unfair等)。2.陈述句和附加问句的情态动词或助动词一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情况：(1)used to(过去常常)usednt (或didnt)；(2)have(拥有)havent(或dont)；have(进行某-动作)dont; have(构成完成时态)havent;have to(不得不)dont；(3)ought to(应该)oughtnt；(4)must(必须)mustnt must(必要) neednt； must be(表示猜测)be；must have done (对过去某一时间的事情推测)dont；must have done(对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)havent;must not(表示禁止)may。3.陈述句的主语为名词或代词时，附加问句的主语为相应的人称代词；陈述句的主语为指示代词 this、that、不定代词nothing、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加问句的主语为小陈述句主语为指示代词 these、those、不定代词nobody、everbody、somebody等时，附加问句用they.4.陈述部分若为“IWe dont think(believe imagine，suppose，expect) + 宾语从句”时，附加问句的谓语动词和主语应和宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致，且用肯定式。但当陈述部分的主语不是 IWe时，附加问句的构成同普通的反意疑问句。5.含有强调句型的反意疑问句中，附加问句的主语代词永远是it.如:It was last year that you graduated, wasnt it?易错起源4、省略句的用法例4_ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught【答案】D【名师点睛】在英语中，下列情况下一般可以用省略:A.祈使句一般省略主语(You) Dont touch this knob.请不要随便碰这个把手(You) Come in,please! 请进来(You) Be quiet !安静B. 某些句子结构省略谓语She gets up earlier than I ( get up) every day.她每天起床比我早。( Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想见什么人吗?I like music and he (likes) sports. 我喜欢音乐，他喜欢体育。C.部分问句常省略主语、谓语 Why not?为什么不呢?Why?为什么?Right? 对吗?What? 什么?Anything you want?你想要什么?D. 疑问句省略回答Are these your friends? 这些人是你的朋友吗?Yes ,they are (my friends). 是的，他们是。E.并列的不定式可以省略后面一个不定式的to 如: The book is intend to be read and not(to be) torn.这本书是供人读的而不是供人撕毁的F.宾语从句中常用so，not或其他来代替宾从句如:Do you think she is a singer? Yes, I think so.Shall I have a test next week? I hope not.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】1.定语从句的省略The car (which)you told about is here .你说过的那辆汽车在这里。Do you know the man(who is)speaking to you?你认识和你讲话的那个人吗?The people(who)you were talking to are Japanese.你与之谈话的那些人是日本人。2.状语从句的省略 在When，while，if,as if，though，as，whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。 When(I was)in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。You should notes when (it is)necessary.必要时你应该记笔记。 1 Kate，run a bit faster，_you can catch up with all of your classmates.Aso B.and C.but Dor解析考查并列连词。祈使句and/or一般将来时。句意：凯特，再跑快一点儿，你就能够赶上你所有的同学了。and表顺承关系，而or表否则，由此可知 B项。答案B2_，so he didnt come to school last week.AThough he was ill B.Being ill C.Having been ill DHe was ill答案D3 He had to sell his luxury car，_his company was in debt.Abefore B.until C.while D.for解析考查并列句的用法。句意：他不得不卖掉自己的豪华车，因为他的公司负债了。A(从属连词)在之前；B(从属连词)直到；C(从属连词)当时，尽管，(并列连词)然而；D(并列连词)因为，对前一分句起补充说明作用。此题前一分句说“他不得不卖掉自己的豪华车”，“后一分句补充说明他卖车的原因是他的公司负债”，故选D项。答案D4_for his action on the playing field ，but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playing field.ANot he is only known BNot only is he knownCOnly is he known not DHe is only not known解析考查倒装句。句意：他不仅因为在球场的行动著名，还因为在球场以外的事情著名。可知句中使用了not only.but also 连接两个句子。not only 位于句首时，not only 部分的主谓要进行部分倒装，故选B项。答案B5Relax yourself every day，_youll be too tired to get good grades.Aand Bor Cfor Dbut 解析考查并列句的用法。本题中含有特殊句式：祈使句连词陈述句If引导的条件句主句。这个句型进一步转换成：名词短语连词陈述句。如果原句中的连词是and，那么可以转换成一个肯定的条件句；如果原句中的连词是or，可以转换成一个否定的祈使句。本句相当于：If you dont relax yourself every day，youll be too tired to get good grades.故选B项。答案B6. Reality is not the way you wish things to be，nor the way they appear to be，_the way they actually are.Aas Bor Cbut Dand答案C7No sooner _at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters.Ahas the star arrivedBthe star has arrived Cthe star had arrivedDhad the star arrived解析考查特殊句式中的倒装。no sooner.than.一就，引导时间状语从句，no sooner放句首，用部分倒装，排除B、C；根据was可知，用过去完成时，排除A。故选D项。答案D8 _，Guo Mingyi makes his effort to help those in poverty.ANot rich although he is BIn spite of not rich CThough not rich DAs he is not rich解析考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然不富有，但是郭明义努力帮助那些贫穷的人。A项错在although不能用于倒装句，B项错在in spite of后面接名词或动名词，D项错在as表示让步含义，需要用倒装句，C项是省略的表达，完整的是though he is not rich，主从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，选C项。答案C9The door opened and there_.Aentering our English teacher Bentered our English teacherCdid our English teacher enter Dour English teacher entered答案B10 Not until he failed in the last examination _he should have spent more time on study.Adid he realizeBhe realized Cdid he not realize Dhe didnt realize解析考查倒装句。句意：直到他在最后一次考试中失利，他才意识到他应该在学习上多花些时间。not until引导时间状语从句置于句首，后面的主句用部分倒装，前面是not until，后面是肯定句，选A项。答案A11. No.And thats not all.The bus was one hour late.Worse ，it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.解析考查固定表达。worse still更糟糕的是。答案still12. Its unnecessary and its not important at all.We neednt care about it.It is ones inner beauty matters.解析考查强调句型。重要的是内在美。根据结构可知此处是强调句型it is/was 被强调部分that/who 其他。此处强调的是主语ones inner beauty。答案that13. Yes，but it is not as easy you imagine.解析考查固定表达。not as.as 与不一样。答案as14. Chopsticks may be made of any of the following materials：bamboo，wood，gold，silver，ivory，or plastic，and they may be round or square.解析考查固定表达。它们可能是圆形的也可能是方形的。either.or.或者或者。答案either15. Radio has changed a lot since we were young.It used be the major source of fun for the family.解析考查固定表达。used to do sth过去常常做某事 。收音机过去是家庭获得乐趣的主要方式，但现在已经不是了。答案to16. Tom：Yes.I think the underground is the most convenient way to travel in London.Mary：I think ，too.答案so17. Smoking not only does harm to their health to others.解析考查固定表达。抽烟不仅对自己的健康也对别人的健康有害。not only.but (also).不仅，而且。答案but (also)18.Caroline：I think it was interesting.Joyce： do I.I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year.答案So19. To be honest，I really cant understand how people depend on that way to make friends.Its kind of risky.解析考查固定表达。我不理解人们怎么依靠这种方式来交朋友。how come为什么，怎么会(那样)。答案come20. As far as I (concern)，my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach.解析考查固定表达。as far as . be concerned就而言，根据主谓一致的原则可知要用am concerned。答案am concerned12
展开阅读全文