资源描述
单元质量评估(二)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AThe food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health.Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of human illness is related to food and 40% of cancer is related to food as well.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives(添加剂)caused cancer.Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings(包装)of foods are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows.Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues.【语篇解读】本文告诉我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。因为食物可以让我们生存，也可以让我们患病。1According to this passage, we can know _Aperhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eatBperhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eatCcancer was discovered in 1945Dscience has made food unfit to eat解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of human illness is related to food and 40% of cancer is related to food as well.”可知，80%的疾病都是由我们吃的食物引起的，故A项正确。答案：A2Things that are used to keep colours in meats are_AharmfulBuselessChelpless Ddelicious解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives caused cancer.”可知，这些让肉着色的添加剂会导致癌症。那么对人体是有害的，故A项正确。答案：A3Which of the following is NOT true?ASome wrappings of food are harmful.BFarmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals.C“The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”DWe neednt take care of what we eat.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段前三句话可知，食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。说明对于我们的食物我们要特别注意，故D项错误。答案：D4All the additives _Aare bright and colourlessBare not bright and colourfulChave indirect effects on our healthDhave direct effects on our health解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“The additives which we eat are not all so direct.”可知，很多添加剂都不是直接影响人体健康的。故C项正确。答案：CBIf you really want to go green, heres good news: eating green is good for you.The very foods with a high carbon costmeat, pork, dairy products, processed snacksalso tend to be filled with fat and calories.A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruits, whole grains, fish and lean meat like chickena diet thats eco and waistlinefriendly.Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.It may be hard to believe that a meal at McDonalds produces more carbon than your trip to a faraway place.More than 37% of the worlds land is used for agriculture, much of which was once forested.Deforestation (砍伐森林) is a major source of carbon.The fertilizer (化肥) and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint, as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate.The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especially beef.Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent (相等的) amount of grains, fruits or vegetables.Whats more, the majority of cattle in the US are fed on grain and loads of it670 million tons in 2002and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems.Focus on eating lower on the food chain, with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy.Its simple.We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves.【语篇解读】本文介绍了吃绿色食品的好处。5According to the passage, eating green will _Aprotect the animals from being killedBpromote the development of agricultureChelp us lose weight and keep selfconfidenceDbe good for our health and make a change for the climate解析：细节理解题。由第一段最后两句话“A green dieta diet thats eco and waistlinefriendly.Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.”可知，吃绿色食品对我们的健康有利而且对改变气候有利。答案：D6What will not lead to carbon in the agriculture?ADeforestation. BFertilizer.CMachinery. DGrains.解析：推理判断题。由第二、三段的介绍可知，只有谷物不会造成碳排放。答案：D7In the authors opinion, the most efficient way to reduce carbon is to _Aeat more vegetables than meatBstop raising the cattleCplant more grainsDuse less fertilizer解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句话“The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especially beef.”可知。答案：A8What is the passage mainly about?AThe benefits of eating green.BHow to reduce the carbon.CThe change of our menu.DThe ways of keeping healthy.解析：主旨大意题。由文章大意可知。答案：ACPeople are overweight for many reasons, the most important one of which is that they eat the wrong foods, get the wrong types of calories (卡路里) per meal，and they also eat meals at the wrong time each day.Food is more powerful than any weight loss pill (药片), because the food that you eat can either make you thin or fat.This is true because your body is like an engine, and it only needs certain foods at certain intervals (间隔) each day.Lowcalorie diets do not workThe reason people cannot lose weight by starving themselves is that their metabolism (新陈代谢) will detect any major drop in calories and it will then adjust (调整) itself by burning fewer calories each day.That is the reason why you can eat 1，000 calories per day and not lose any weight, while your friends can eat 2，500 calories per day and not gain any weight.Lowfat diets do not workMany people in todays society are buying mostly lowfat or nonfat food at the grocery store.Everybody knows how much fat is inside the food they buy.However, people are getting fatter than ever before by doing this.They are not losing weight by changing to this lowfat lifestyle.Losing weight has nothing to do with these things.One of the most important things you can do to control your weight is to eat the proper foods, such as fruit and vegetables, eat them at the right time, and exercise every day.If people make this a habit, they will lose weight.【语篇解读】本文介绍了人们超重的原因。9What is the main reason why people are overweight?AThey eat the wrong foods at the wrong time.BThey eat food with lots of calories.CThey dont take any weight loss pills.DThey burn many calories every day.解析：细节理解题。从第一段的第一句话“People are overweight for many reasons, the most important one of which is that they eat the wrong foods.”可知A项是正确答案。答案：A10The article is written in order to _Atell readers not to buy lowfat or nonfat foodBtell readers how to lose weightCtell readers about an important scientific discoveryDcall on people to lose weight and stay healthy解析：作者意图题。纵观全文，讲了人类肥胖的主要原因，以及人们怎样做就会减肥，故B项正确。答案：B11To realize the aim of your weight loss plan, you should _ado exercise every daybeat meals at the right timeceat fruits and vegetablesdeat lowfat or sweet foodeeat the proper foods at each mealAa，b，c，d Ba，b，d，eCa，c，d，e Da，b，c，e解析：从最后两段可排除A、B、C三项；从全文可知，D项正确。答案：DDYour house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colours.Research suggests warm colours fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colours like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colours make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.【语篇解读】想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。房间一要明亮；二要用冷色系以减少食欲；三要在就餐时放一些舒缓的音乐；四要用小的碗碟。12The text is especially helpful for those who care about_Atheir home comforts Btheir body shapeChouse buying Dhealthy diets解析：细节理解题。根据全文第一段“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.”可知，这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己体型的人有帮助。答案：B13A home environment in blue can help people_Adigest food betterBreduce food intakeCburn more caloriesDregain their appetites解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“In one study.”可知在蓝色房间内人吃的相对较少。答案：B14What are people advised to do at mealtimes?AEat quickly.BPlay fast music.CUse smaller spoons.DTurn down the lights.解析：细节理解题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，就要用小碗小勺，而前文也提到，吃得快和房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。答案：C15What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs your house making you fat?BWays of serving dinnerCEffects of selfconsciousnessDIs your home environment relaxing?解析：主旨大意题。根据开头和后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。答案：A第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sure, weve all heard that we should get more sleep.The realities of life often make it become “we should get more sleep later.” _16_ The result is that you wake up the next day feeling like a role of The Walking Dead.Here are four ways you can adjust your biology in order to pay less for staying up. Move around.Exercising before bed is a sure way to keep awake.Thats why you shouldnt do it when you want to go to sleep, and it is also why hitting the gym, or even some fast pushups can tell your body that its not time for bed.Being physically exhausted isnt fun when you are trying to stay up late._17_Eat more protein.Few people think about the fact that the brain and body use a lot more energy when were awake.If you are pulling an allnighter, youre going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating._18_ To stay awake, plan to eat larger meals than normal and to eat them more frequently.Drink the right stuff.Its tempting (诱人) to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull, but the sugar will lead to a crash.Instead, if you want to use caffeine, drink early in the evening so itll wear off by the time you want to sleep._19_ Dont make it worse by drinking sugar._20_Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.For three or four hours after youre exposed to bright white light, your body wont make melatonin, a must for deep sleep.You will sleep better if you turn the lights a little bit down.ATurn the lights off.BAvoid bright lights.CJust do enough to get energetic.DAnd your body can never bear something like that.EYour brain can use up to 25 percent of your total calories.FWhen you stay up late, your blood sugar becomes abnormal.GThere is either more work to be done, or more fun to be had, or both.【语篇解读】生活中，我们经常熬夜，这对我们的身体有很大影响，文章介绍了如何在熬夜的时候保持清醒的方法。16解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“The realities of life often make it become we should get more sleep later.”可知我们经常得不到足够的睡眠要么是因为有很多工作要做，要么是因为又很多有趣的事情要做，所以选G。答案：G17解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“Being physically exhausted isnt fun when you are trying to stay up late.”可知锻炼不要太多，做一些就足够了，所以选C。答案：C18解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“If you are pulling an allnighter, youre going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating.”可知你的大脑会用到25%的总的卡路里，所以选E。答案：E19解析：考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文“Its tempting to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull, but the sugar will lead to a crash.”可知当你熬夜的时候，你的血糖会不正常，所以选F。答案：F20解析：考查段落大意题。根据这段的句子“Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.”可知这段介绍的是要避免明亮的灯光。所以选B。答案：B第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everything speeds up with peoples lives.People often eat fast food _21_nice meals cooked by their mother_22_They go to a shop, where the meal is_23_cooked.They can take_24_from the shelf when they_25_their dollar and in ten minutes eat it and_26_their dinner.This is not good for_27_People move a great_28_from city to city，_29_their jobs.Airplanes go_30_between cities.Every twentyfive seconds planes are _31_ off from airports.When people move to the cities, they _32_ their old friends behind.They leave their old mother and father, their children, and leave their_33_People become without roots, without a place_34_they can really call“home”This has very_35_effects.One thing is that the old people often live so far from their children that，_36_they become old, there is nobody to_37_them.Brothers and sisters move far away from each other.They telephone each other.Families become very_38_Society does not have the_39_ways any more, the ones which kept people_40_together.Many people feel rather lonely today.【语篇解读】本文主要对新旧两种生活方式进行了对比。21A.withoutBtogether withCinstead of Das解析：句意：吃快餐而非吃妈妈在家做的香喷喷的饭菜。instead of“而不是”，符合句意。答案：C22A.at school Bat homeCin the hotel Din the restaurant解析：由“cooked by their mother”可知是在家里做的。答案：B23A.already BstillCnot Djust解析：already指“已经做了”；still“仍然”；not在此指“没有做”；just指“刚做”。结合语境“他们去饭菜已经煮好的商店”，可知already符合句意。答案：A24A.them BitCeverything Dlittle解析：该空替代上文的meal。答案：B25A.put BgetCset Dpay解析：由下文的“their dollar”可推知用pay，指付款。答案：D26A.finish BcookCfetch Dbring解析：他们来饭店是吃饭的而不是做其他事。本句意为“他们10分钟之内就吃完饭”。答案：A27A.families BchildrenCold people Dbusiness解析：人们都到外面吃饭，必然对“家庭”不利。答案：A28A.many BmuchCdeal Dfar解析：a great deal意为“许多次”，修饰动词。答案：C29A.doing Bto doCchanging Dchange解析：人们频繁更换地点是为了“更换”工作。答案：C30A.usually BimmediatelyCconstantly Dfast解析：由下文“Every twentyfive seconds planes are taking off from airports.”可推出此处用constantly“不停地”。答案：C31A.get BtakingCpay Dcome解析：此句意为“飞机从机场起飞”，用take off。故选B。答案：B32A.leave BmissClike Dhate解析：根据语境可知，他们将老朋友“留下”。miss“思念”；like“喜欢”；hate“讨厌”，故选A。答案：A33A.friends BparentsCteachers Dstudents解析：与人们关系密切的人除了父母、小孩子之外就是“朋友”了。答案：A34A.or BandCwhere Dthat解析：关系代词引导定语从句，先行词a place指物且在定语从句中作宾语，应填that。答案：D35A.bad BsurprisingCexciting Dgreat解析：人们离开亲人朋友频繁搬迁当然会产生“不良”后果。答案：A36A.if BwhenCsince Dbecause解析：“当他们年老时”这是一般事实，没有假设意味，可排除A项；C、D项表因果关系，在此意义不合。答案：B37A.see Blook afterChear from Dtelephone解析：老人离子女这么远以至于当他们变老时没有人来“照料”他们。答案：B38A.scattered BdifferentClarge Ddivided解析：人们四处搬迁必然使家庭“分散”。答案：A39A.new BoldCeasy Dsame解析：本文主要讲新旧两种生活方式的对比。这里指的是以前的事情。答案：B40A.close BnearClive Dfriendly解析：社会没有了老风味，而这老风味曾使人们紧密联系在一起。答案：A第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 41._farm，which looked almost abandoned. 42._(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 43._other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 44._(leave)The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass 45._it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away，she 46._(fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 47._the cow.In order to support his family，Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees 48._(sell)the wood.Thinking about his childrens clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market 49._people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to 50._that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【语篇解读】约翰逊先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是在一次意外中奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。41解析：句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填a。答案：a42解析：句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。答案：Luckily43解析：句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知，约翰逊先生用牛奶来换其他食物。这里是用短语exchange.for.，故填介词for。答案：for44解析：句意：他去附近的镇上卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开，剩下，留下。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。答案：was left45解析：句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词，意思是“正在这时”。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth when.“正在做某事这时”。答案：when46解析：句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下山死了。fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。答案：fell47解析：句意：奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不继续生活。without“除外，没有”。根据文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此约翰逊先生就没有了可供谋生的奶牛。故填without。答案：without48解析：句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，约翰逊先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell“卖，销售”。根据文意可知，约翰逊先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木材。这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。答案：to sell49解析：句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the market。答案：where50解析：句意：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。It occurred to sb that.“某人突然发现”，这是一个固定句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊先生，故填him。答案：him第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Wang Peng and Yong Hui are couples.Before they got married, they opened their own restaurants and competed for each other.Wang Peng thought his meal was good and his restaurant ought to be full of people, and people went to a newlyopened restaurant belonging to Yong Hui.Curiosity drove him inside his restaurant.But there were few choices of food and drink on the menu, which making people slim.He couldnt have Yong Hui get away with telling people lies.After doing research on, he realized what was wrong with her restaurant.Then he won his customers back by using a discount and a new sign.But Yong Hui came to his restaurant glaring him angrily.Wang Peng thought her menu was too limiting, and advised her to try a meal.They chatted and thought they should combine their idea and provide a balanced diet with food full of energy and fibre.After some time, they cooperated and got married, working and living together happy.答案：Wang Peng and Yong Hui are couples.Before they got married, they opened their own restaurants and competed each other.Wang Peng thought his meal was good and his restaurant ought to be full of people, people went to a newlyopened restaurant belonging to Yong Hui.Curiosity drove him inside restaurant.But there were few choices of food and drink on the menu, which people slim.He couldnt have Yong Hui away with telling people lies.After doing research， he realized what was wrong with her restaurant.Then he won his customers back by using a discount and a new sign.But Yong Hui came
展开阅读全文