形容词和副词(带练习及答案).ppt

,形容词和副词,一、形容词的种类、作用和位置,形容词用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征。通常将形容词分成性质形容词和表语形容词两类。,1、性质形容词：用以直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的形容词，它们有等级变化，也可以用程度副词来修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。1.Thesweaterisverybeautiful.2.Ihaveabusyday.3.Wekeepourclassroomclean.,2.表语形容词这类形容词只能作表语，通常不能作定语，所以被称为表语形容词。这类形容词大多以a开头，没有比较等级的变化，也不可用程度副词来修饰。如：afraid（害怕的）,alone（单独的）,alive（活着的）,asleep（睡着的）,awake(醒着的）,以及well（健康的）,worth（值得的）,unable（不能的）,ill（病了的）等。,例句：1.Thebabyisasleep.2.Thegirlisafraidofsnakes.3.Hefeelswelltoday.,注意：表语形容词不能用very来修饰，如不能说veryasleep,veryalone,但可以说：fastasleep,quitealone。,形容词的位置：形容词修饰名词，通常是放在名词前面。它们前面常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。如：1.Whataninterestingidea!2.Beijingisamoderncity.3.Ihavefivegoodfriends.但是:在修饰由no,some,any,every构成的复合不定代词时,形容词应放在被修饰词之后.如:1.Theressomethingwrongwithmybike.2.Isthereanythingimportantintodaysnewspaper?,形容词的位置,二、副词的种类、作用和位置,副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式等情况。,副词的种类,1时间副词如：now,usually,often,always,sometimes等2.地点副词如：here,there,out,everywhere3.方式副词如：carefully,well,fast,slowly4.程度副词如：very,much,quite,almost5.疑问副词如：how,when,why,where6.连接副词如：whether,why,when,how,副词的作用一、作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。1.Thetrainrunsfast.(修饰动词）2.Shehasbeenbadlyillthesedays.（修饰形容词）3.Theshopisrightonyourleft.（修饰介词）4.Luckily,hepassedthefinalexams.（修饰句子）,二、作定语,有少数地点副词、时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰的词的后边。1.ThestudentstherearefromBeijing.那里的学生来自北京。2.Imetanoldfriendonmywayhome.我在回家的路上遇到一位老朋友。3.Chinatodayhasdevelopedgreatly.今天的中国有了巨大的发展。,三、作表语,作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如：in,out,on,back,down,up,off,away,等1.Youmustbeawaynow.你现在必须离开。2.Schoolisover.Letsgohome.放学了，我们回家吧。3.TheTVisstillon,pleaseturnitoff.电视还开着呢，请把它关掉。,副词的位置,频度副词,频度副词，如always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom等通常放在行为动词之前,be动词之后。句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。1.Heusuallyhaslunchinthefactory.2.Theboyisoftenlateforschool.,时间副词和地点副词,通常置于句尾,如果同时出现,则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面,也可把时间副词放在句首。1.Theywentswimmingintheriveryesterday.=Yesterdaytheywentswimmingintheriver.,方式副词,方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在动词后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。1.Myfatherworkshard.2.TomspeaksEnglishverywell.3.Mikewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisparents.,程度副词,程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。1.Iamreallysorrytohearthat.2.TheweatherhereisquitedifferentfromthatinNanjing.3.Thegilrsworksveryhard.,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词1)一般情况加er或estfastfasterfastesthighhigherhighestclevercleverercleverest2)以字母e结尾加r或stfinefinerfinestlatelaterlatestnicenicernicest,3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er或estfatfatterfattestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest4)以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er或estearlyearlierearliesteasyeasiereasiestluckyluckierluckiest,规则变化部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more或mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully,不规则变化1.good/wellbetterbest2.many/muchmoremost3.littlelessleast4.farfartherfarthest(farfurtherfurthest)5.bad/badly/illworseworst,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法,一、比较级用法,表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词than引导，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思1.Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.2.LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).,二、最高级用法,表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级,最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围*ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.*Lucysings(the)bestofall.*Heisthemostcarefulamongus.,三、同级比较的用法,在表示“和一样”和“不及”这概念时，可以用“as+原级+as”和“notas（so）+原级+as”的句型*Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.*Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.,几种比较级的使用句型,1.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”1.YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.你的英语越来越好了。2.ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.现在学英语的人越来越多了,2.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越就越”*Themore,thebetter.越多越好。*Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。,3.“more(less)than”表示“超过（不到）”*Sheismorethanthirty.她三十多岁了。*Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。,4.“moreorless”表示“差不多，或多或少”*Theproblemismoreorlesssolved.这个问题差不多已经解决了。*-Isitstraight?-Moreorless.它直吗？差不多吧。,6)注意点,1.形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略.Hedid(the)bestintheexam.2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词1)Thispenisshorterthanthatone.2)TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.3)Theboysinourschoolleaveschoollaterthanthoseintheirs.,3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级*Whoistaller,MaryorJane?*Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?,4)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级*SheismuchtallerthanMrs.Liu.*HeisthreeyearsolderthanI.*Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone.,同义句转换,1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass,2.KateisnotascarefulasMillie.=MillieismorecarefulthanKate.=KateislesscarefulthanMillie.3.LucysingsbetterthanLily.=LilysingsworsethanLucy.=LilydoesntsingaswellasLucy.,1.Itsimportanttokeepcalminanemergency.Ifyouarefrightened,youmaymakewrongreactions.2.Motherjoinsmeinsendingourbestwishes.3.Theypresentedasumofmoneytothecollegeinmemoryoftheirson.4.HehasagoodcommandofFrench,sothathecancommunicatewiththeFrenchguestswell.5.Vietnammadeanofficialrequestthattheconferencebepostponed.,6.HovcanIpersuadeyouthatImsincere?7.Anearthquakeleftthewholecityinruins.8.Yourescuedmefromanembarrassingsituation.9.Attackisthebestdefense.10.Thewholesituationwassoridiculous,Isimplyburstintolaughter.,Quizonadjs.andadverbs.,1.形容词分为_形容词和_形容词。2.指出以下形容词在句子中的成分。Thepricesoundsreasonable.Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.Imakeherhappy.3.写出三个表语形容词。4.形容词在修饰由no,some,_,_构成的复合不定代词时，放在被修饰的词后面。5.指出下列副词的种类：carelessly，quite，whether,everywhere,never.6.写出big和little的比较级和最高级。7.翻译：问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。我等的越久就变得越不耐烦。那所学校的学生数量多达4ooo人。,Themoredifficultthequestionsare,thelesslikelyheisabletoanswerthem.ThelongerIwaited，thelesspatientIbecame.Thenumberofthestudentsinthatschoolreachesasmanyas4,000.,练一练,选择()1Wedonthavemuchhomeworknowandourschoolbagsare_theyusedtobe.(锦州09)A.asheavyasB.notasheavyasC.asheavilyasD.notasheavilyas()2_weplant,_ourcitywillbe.A.Themoretrees;thebeautifulB.Thelesstrees;themorebeautifulC.Themoretrees;themorebeautifulD.Thelesstrees,thebeautiful.,B,C,()3.Dontworry.Yourbabyislookedafter_here,thenursesarevery_.(常州09)A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care()4.Theairinourcityis_thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetostopit.(兰州09)A.VerygoodB.muchbetterC.evenworseD.Ratherbad()5.Myfathertoldmeastorylastnight.Itis_Iveeverheard.(兰州09)A.funnierB.funniestC.thefunniestD.thefunnier,B,C,C,()6.-Johnsingssowell.Hasheeverbeentrained?-No.Helearnsallbyhimself.He_goestoanytrainingclass.A.usuallyB.neverC.oftenD.even()7.Whata_cough!Youseem_ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly()8.ThepopulationofBeijingislargerthan_Shenzhen.A./B.theoneinC.thatofD.thoseof,B,A,c,1.Mr.Greenisfeeling_enoughtogotowork.(好)2.Theoldmanlooksmuch_thanyouthink.(friend)3.Thisboxisnotso_asthatone.(重)4.Lucyjumped_ofthefour.(high)5.Themanlooked_(生气地)athissonandsaid:“Goaway!”,well,morefriendly,heavy,highest,angrily,Morepractice,1.Jackgetup_todaythanyesterday.(early)2.Pleasedoyourhomework_.(careful)3.Heistootiredtogoany_.(far)4.LeLeiruns_(fast)thanI,buthedoesntrunas_(fast)asmybrother.5.ExerciseFiveis_thanExerciseFour.(difficult),earlier,carefully,farther,faster,fast,moredifficult,Morepractice2,Heismuch_thanI.(thin)Theworkisnthard.Icanfinishit_.(easy)Thereis_waterintheglassthanthebottle.(little)Hehasbeenillforfewdays.Hefeelseven_today.(bad)Lasttermhestudiedhard.Heisgoingtostudy_thisterm.(hard),thinner,easily,less,worse,harder,Morepractice3,()1.DoeshespeakEnglish_hisfather?A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.bestthanD.asbetteras()2.Peteris_thanhisuncle.A.morefatterB.fatterC.fatD.veryfat()3.Tomis_thanI.A.olderfiveyearsB.fiveyearsolderC.fiveyearselderD.oldestbyfiveyears()4.Thismathsproblemis_thatone.A.notsoeasyasB.moreeasythanC.aseasierasD.easythan()5.TheSummerPalaceis_thanalltheotherparksinBeijinganditis_parkinBeijing.A.beautiful,beautifulB.morebeautiful,morebeautifulC.mostbeautiful,themostbeautifulD.morebeautiful,themostbeautiful,B,B,B,A,D,Morepractice4,()6.Whichdoyoulike_,basketball,footballorvolleyball?A.moreB.verymuchC.mostD.best()7.Marylooks_athome.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappy()8.Thisplayisntas_asthatone.A.moreinterestingB.interestingC.muchinterestingD.mostinteresting()9.ThisTVsetis_ofthethree.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest()10.Ihavenotlearnedtheword_.A.alreadyB.stillC.alsoD.yet,D,A,B,D,D,表达倍数的常用结构,1.数词+times+as+形容词原级+asThisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.2.数词+times+形容词比较级+thanThisroomistwicebiggerthanthatone.3.数词+times+性质名词+of（性质名词主要有：length,size,height,weight,depth等）Thisroomistwicethesizeofthatone.。4.（not）half+as+形容词原级+asThisroomishalfasbigasthatone.,1.（03北京卷）Ourneighborhas_ours.A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas2.（05湖北卷）Whatatable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itisitislong.AhalfnotaswideasBwidenotashalfasCnothalfaswideasDaswideasnothalf3.（08浙江卷）Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatone,butitcostsalmostthreetimes_.A.asmuchB.asmanyC.somuchD.somany,4.（08陕西卷）Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewasthatoftheirs.A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeasC.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas5.（09四川卷）Myuncleshouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice_expensive.A.asB.soC.tooD.very6.（09辽宁卷）PetersjacketlookedjustthesameasJacks,butitcosthis.A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchasC.muchastwiceasD.astwicemuchas,7.（09四川卷）Myuncleshouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice_expensive.A.asB.soC.tooD.very8.（09江西卷）Accordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancer_awoman.A.thanB.suchC.soD.as9.（09辽宁卷）PetersjacketlookedjustthesameasJacks,butitcost_his.A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchasC.muchastwiceasD.astwicemuchas10.（08浙江卷）Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatone,butitcostsalmostthreetimes_.A.asmuchB.asmanyC.somuchD.somany,