高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 专题增分练 课时17 书面表达（五）-求助信

课时17 书面表达（五）-求助信 .阅读理解AEver feel like youve been hit on the head after a bad nights sleep？ According to scientists， the thought isnt as unbelievable as it seems.A study found going without sleep for just one night causes changes in the brain similar to those that occur after a blow to the head. The researchers said the healthy young men examined in the study showed a sudden increase in the same chemicals which indicate brain damage. Professor Christian Benedict， of Uppsala University， Sweden， explained that the chemicals NSE and S100B are biomarkers (生物指标) for brain damage， such as concussion(脑震荡). He said， “What we found was their levels in the blood rose in the group that went without sleep for a night. This was not to the extent that would happen after a head injury， for instance， but it was still significant. During sleep， the brain cleans poisonous substances off itself.”Benedict also said previous studies which linked a lack of sleep with increased risk of Alzheimers， Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis could applaud his study. The rise of the chemicals in the blood after sleep loss may suggest not getting enough sleep contributes to a loss of brain tissue， he explained. Benedict， whose study is published in the journal Sleep， added， “In conclusion， the findings of our experiment indicate a good nights sleep may be critical to maintaining brain health.”A third of the UK population suffer from sleeprelated problems， while the average person now sleeps for only seven hours a night， compared with almost nine a few decades ago. Many scientists believe irregular sleeping patterns lead to illnesses ranging from aches and pains to heart disease， while less than eight hours sleep a night can lower the IQ the next day.语篇解读本文是一篇科普类说明文。科学家们发现，睡眠不足对大脑造成的损伤接近头部重击。不足八小时的睡眠甚至会降低第二天的智商。1.If you dont sleep for a night， what will happen？A.NSE and S100B will increase.B.The brain damage will be like a head injury.C.You will suffer from concussion.D.The brain will get rid of poisonous substances.解析：考查细节理解。文章第二段的“What we found was their levels in the blood rose in the group that went without sleep for a night”中的their指的就是前面提到的“the chemicals NSE and S100B”，由此可知，一晚上不睡觉的话，血液中的化学物质NSE和S100B就会增加。答案：A2.What do we know about previous studies？A.They found reasons for brain disorders.B.Their findings were published in Sleep.C.They were supported by Benedicts study.D.They focused on brain health.解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Benedict also said previous studies which linked a lack of sleep with increased risk of Alzheimers， Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis could applaud his study”可知，Benedict说先前的研究会赞成他的研究，接着Benedict解释了为什么先前的研究会赞成他的研究，即“The rise of the chemicals in the blood after sleep loss may suggest not getting enough sleep contributes to a loss of brain tissue”。综上可推知，Benedict的研究支持了先前的研究。答案：C3.What can we infer from the last paragraph？A.UK people have the worst sleep.B.Mans intelligence is affected by sleep in a way.C.People were smarter in the past.D.A lack of sleep causes all brainrelated problems.解析：考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的“less than eight hours sleep a night can lower the IQ the next day”可知，睡眠少于八小时的人第二天智商会降低，这暗示人的智力在某种程度上受睡眠的影响。故B项正确。答案：B4.Whats the main idea of the passage？A.Eight hours sleep is important.B.Regular sleeping patterns improve health.C.Sleep loss is close to a blow to the head.D.Human brains work during sleep.解析：考查主旨要义。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段及第二段的首句可知，本文主要围绕“睡眠不足对大脑造成的损伤接近于头部遭重击”这一主题展开。故C项最能概括文章的大意，而其他选项都比较片面。答案：CBIt seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles.I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses. I suppose that， for a girl in her teens， entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. At least thats how Margy found it at first. However， as the school year drew to a close， one student after another came to her. I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school. Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so， you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air.Some teenagers claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave. Our way of life makes a young nonconformist stand out like a Martian. These days theres a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. Well， go to it. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.语篇解读本文作者从自己女儿换了新学校后迅速受到新同学欢迎的事实谈起，批判了那些为迎合他人而放弃自我的行为方式，并就“受欢迎”表达了自己的观点：做真实的自己，别人也会尊重你的本真。5.Why was the author worried about his daughters popularity in her new school？A.She might find no true friends.B.She would ignore her academic performance.C.She had no idea of her own.D.She might betray her true self.解析：考查推理判断。第一段提到为了受欢迎而一味迎合别人的人“can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles”，再由第二段中的“Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so，you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air”可知，作者认为如果他的女儿在新学校已取得人际交往上的即刻成功的话，那么对作者来说，女儿肯定是违背了真实的自我以取悦他人，使自己变得受欢迎。因此，答案选D。答案：D6.What does the author think of most teenagers？A.Theyre afraid of getting lost in life.B.They have difficulty understanding each other.C.They lack the courage to be truly different.D.They find it hard to gain popularity as expected.解析：考查推理判断。由第三段的内容可知，一些青少年想要随心所欲地穿衣搭配，但却和大多数人穿得一样；一些人在音乐方面想走不同的路，但最终却还是和大多数人听一样的歌；他们用某种方式思考或做事是因为大家都那样做。由此推断，作者认为大多数青少年缺少真正变得与众不同的勇气。因此，答案选C。答案：C7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “nonconformist” in Paragraph 4？A.Someone who cares about others opinion.B.Someone who desires popularity greatly.C.Someone who behaves in his own way.D.Someone who wants to please others.解析：考查词义猜测。由第四段中的“I know that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave”可知，此处指想要变得与众不同，走自己的路变得更难了。由此可推知画线词“nonconformist”指的应是“不遵循常规的人”。因此，答案选C。答案：C8.What is the authors purpose of writing this passage？A.To persuade readers to pursue valuable popularity.B.To tell parents how to guide their children.C.To criticize the present values and beliefs.D.To suggest a good way to be popular.解析：考查写作目的。由全文内容可知，作者从自己女儿换了新学校后迅速受到新同学欢迎的事实谈起，批判了那些为迎合他人而放弃自我的行为方式，并就“受欢迎”表达了自己的观点：做真实的自己，别人也会尊重你的本真。因此，作者的写作目的在于劝诫读者追求有价值的“受欢迎”，而不要去一味地迎合他人。因此答案选A。答案：A.完形填空The little boy stood outside the entrance to the mall， in the _1_ wind， collecting donations for cancer research. Nose red， hat deep over his ears， he _2_ one hand in his pocket and held a list with his other hand. I _3_ he had no gloves.I checked my purse， but had no coins. It is a _4_ of mine to always give money to cancer researchI have _5_ dear friends and family members to the disease， and want to do my little part to help find a _6_.“Ill bring you some money when I come back from the mall，” I _7_ the young boy. “Thank you！” he smiled and _8_ into a big tissue.I did my shopping and _9_ buying a cup of hot chocolate for the little boy， but I could not. Hadnt I always _10_ children not to take anything from strangers？ But now I had coins _11_ to give to him. Finally I went into a clothing store and bought a pair of blue _12_ for him.As I stepped _13_， the little boy stood right where he had been.“OK， now give me your _14_，” I said to the boy and he handed it over with a pen. I looked at the empty lines. A few _15_ were there and I could see others had given a few coins too.“Do you need to get all these lines _16_？”“Yes，” he started. “Oh no. I dont have to， but I want to.”“Will the organization give you something to _17_ you for doing this？” I asked， _18_ to hear he got some nice toys or _19_ a certificate.“Oh yes！” the boy said and his eyes lit up with _20_， “I get a new， empty list！” He was smiling broadly， “But I feel good doing this.”语篇解读这是一篇记叙文，讲述了发生在作者与一位在寒风中为癌症研究事业募捐的小男孩之间的故事。1.A.fairB.bitterC.light D.soft解析：根据下文的“Nose red” “had no gloves”可知，小男孩站在刺骨的寒风中。bitter表示“严寒的”。答案：B2.A.clapped B.pressedC.warmed D.shook解析：把手放在口袋中是为了取暖，warm作及物动词表示“(使)温暖”。故选C项。答案：C3.A.doubted B.admittedC.predicted D.noticed解析：这是作者在购物中心门口看到的一幕，因此选D。notice表示“注意(到)”。答案：D4.A.principle B.requestC.suggestion D.virtue解析：根据下文的“want to do my little part to help find”可知，经常为癌症研究捐钱是作者的原则。答案：A5.A.contributed B.lostC.supported D.introduced解析：从本句中的“to the disease”及文中提到的cancer可知，这里指作者有朋友和家人死于癌症。故选B项。答案：B6.A.control B.methodC.cure D.cause解析：作者捐钱的目的是想帮助找到治疗癌症的方法，因此用cure“疗法”。答案：C7.A.promised B.comfortedC.reminded D.advised解析：由上文作者跟小男孩说的话可知，这是作者对小男孩的许诺。故选A项。答案：A8.A.shouted B.pointedC.nodded D.sneezed解析：根据上文中提到的天气寒冷和本句中的“a big tissue”可知，小男孩此时在打喷嚏，故选D项。答案：D9.A.gave up B.thought aboutC.put off D.set about解析：作者想(thought about)给小男孩买一杯热巧克力饮料。答案：B10.A.warned B.forcedC.commanded D.begged解析：根据本句中的“not to take anything from strangers”可知，作者经常警告(warned)自己的孩子不要接受陌生人的东西。答案：A11.A.in advance B.at firstC.at least D.in turn解析：但是现在作者至少有零钱给他了。at least表示“至少”。答案：C12.A.pants B.glovesC.shoes D.boots解析：文章第一段中说作者注意到小男孩没有戴手套，因此作者给小男孩买了一双手套(gloves)。答案：B13.A.inside B.behindC.forward D.outside解析：由上文可知，小男孩站在购物中心的外面，因此这里表示作者走出(outside)购物中心看到小男孩依然站在那儿。答案：D14.A.list B.cardC.note D.tissue解析：根据第一段的“held a list with his other hand”可知，作者向小男孩要了名单(list)，想签上自己的名字。答案：A15.A.marks B.paintingsC.signatures D.colors解析：根据下文的“others had given a few coins too”可知，作者看到名单上有几个人的签名(signatures)。答案：C16.A.taken B.filledC.adopted D.divided解析：根据下文的“I want to”可知，作者在询问小男孩是否需要让人们把这个名单填满(filled)。答案：B17.A.admire B.prepareC.charge D.reward解析：根据下文的“got some nice toys”可知，作者问小男孩：“这个组织会因为你做这件事奖励(reward)你什么东西吗？”答案：D18.A.hoping B.tryingC.deciding D.offering解析：作者在询问小男孩，自然是希望(hoping)听到他的答复。答案：A19.A.exactly B.actuallyC.perhaps D.definitely解析：根据本句中的or可知，作者希望听到小男孩说得到一些漂亮的玩具或者可能(perhaps)是一个证书。答案：C20.A.embarrassment B.surpriseC.disappointment D.delight解析：根据下文的“He was smiling broadly”可知，小男孩回答时是很高兴的。故选D项。答案：D