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专题 46 短文改错（二）关键词：语法,词法,句法,逻辑,语境难度系数：推荐指数：【基础回顾】考点归纳：高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。基础必读：句法改错句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。【2015新课标全国I】There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 【2015新课标全国I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.【解析】 airsair 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。【技能方法】解题方法技巧首先，通读全文，了解文章体裁、主旨大意，把握全篇的时态、人称和行文逻辑。不同体裁的语篇具有不同的篇章结构和交际功能，主要体现在语言风格和组句成篇的模式上。从语篇的模式上可以读懂作者的思维模式，从而获得对短文更好的理解和宏观的把握。在通读全文的过程中，先将容易的或明显的错误改好，从而为分行、分句的分析起到降低难度的作用。其次，逐句审读、理解、分析，先易后难。有时孤立地读一个句子时很难发现它的错误，一旦将上下文联系起来，问题就会变得明了。从组成句子结构的各方面逐句审查动词的时态、语态、名词、代词、冠词、介词、形容词、副词、连词、主谓一致等方面是否有误。句子结构解题思路名词、代词检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误并列主语，从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语及together with等引导的成分修饰主语检查谓语动词是否与主语保持一致固定短语、词组检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误平行结构检查是否有词性和连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词错误有比较结构检查是否有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象以及冠词方面的错误有转折、因果、对比等结构检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误多重结构句检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分短缺错误有特殊动词结构检查是否有非谓语动词或虚拟语气方面的错误非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语检查是否非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致最后，关键的一点就是要再次细读全文，按句法要求、词类规则，检查所改的答案能否使全文语气流畅，行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理，所做的标记是否符合命题要求。【基础达标】 I have planned an autumn outing for my class next week, andIm writing to ask your permission. First, the place where weve decided to visitthe Forest Park is not far away from the city. We can take a bus and ride a bike to get there. Second, the trip would provide us with a great opportunity to get close to the nature. Third, we need to spare some time to take some physical exercises. Some teachers as well as Mr Wang is going to join us to make sure of our safe. We are all looking forward to receive your permission. We will appreciate you if you can kindly give us an immediate reply.【解析】试题分析：计划下周进行秋天的郊游，写信请求许可。1.ask your -for 固定搭配：ask for sth.请求某事，故在ask your -for。2.where -which or that the place做先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作宾语，故把where -which or that。3. and-or 句意：我们能成公共汽车或骑自行车到那里。根据句意可知把and-or。4.would-will 根据前面的next week,可知应该用一般将来时态，故把would-will。5.去掉the nature中的the nature做“大自然”讲时前面不用冠词，故去掉the nature中的the。【能力提升】Last month, I rode bus to my office ten miles away. I carried only a few cash to last each week. One night, as I walk to the usual bus stop, I met a beggar whom had no legs. I stopped and opened my wallet, but I was discovered that I had no money at all. I apologized to him immediate. I became worried so I had no way to get ho me. At my surprise, the beggar pulled out many coin from his broken bowl. Embarrassed, I took enough for his bus fare, and he said, “Good luck!”【解析】试题分析：作者在去坐公车时看到乞丐，准备给钱，却发现没有钱，最后乞丐给了作者零钱作为车费并且还说祝他好运。1.rode 和 bus 之间加 a 或 the。考查冠词。bus 为可数名词单数，前面需加冠词，ride a / the bus to some place 均指坐公共汽车去某地，因此在bus 前面加a 或the。2.：fewlittle。考查形容词。few 修饰可数名词，cash 为不可数名词，此处为“只携带一点的现金”，因此正确用法应为“I carried only a little cash ”。3.walkwalked。考查时态。整个故事都是用的过去时，此处walk 表达的动作也发生了，因此要把walk 改为walked。4.whomwho / that。考查定语从句。先行词beggar 在定语从句中充当主语，whom 只能用于先行词在从句中充当宾语，因此关系词应为who 或that。5.was discovered 中的 was 去掉。考查语态。根据句意“我停下来打开钱夹, 但是发现我没带钱”，本句表示的discover“发现”应用主动语态，因此去掉was。6.immediateimmediately。考查副词。此处表达的是“我立即向他道歉了”，修饰动词apologize 应用副词，所以immediate 改为immediately。【终极闯关】【2016全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.【答案】1.how改为what 2.chose改为choose 3.take改为taking 4.but改为and 5.about后加the6.your改为our 7.knowledges改为knowledge 8.删除can或can改为should9.thought改为think 10.many改为much 【解析】试题分析：考查记叙文，“我”和同学们对暑假的旅游计划的讨论。1.how改为what 考查特殊结构。“特殊疑问词+to do”在本句中作为短语talk about的宾语，其中what还要作为动词do的逻辑宾语。句意：同学们和我在谈论暑假期间做什么。2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中chose是过去式。3.take改为taking 考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作为介词between的宾语。4.but改为and 考查连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用and连接上下文。5.about后加the 考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。6.your改为our 考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
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