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专题 39 阅读填空（二）关键词：阅读理解,推理,词汇复现,逻辑,语境难度系数：推荐指数：【基础回顾】考点归纳：“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。基础必读：代词指代型英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。2015全国卷Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences. 36._ Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.BIt is putting confidence in someone.36B根据前一句“Trust is a learned behaviour that we gain from past experiences.”可知选B。选项B中的it代指上文出现的trust。2015全国卷When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._37_As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.E If they still feel good，you can begin running in them【技能方法】1)如果问题在段首(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2)如果问题在段尾(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。3)如果问题是一整个自然段(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。【基础达标】【湖南省郴州市2017届高三上学期第一次教学质量监测】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you want to know how to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle? Here is a short list of ways that you can help protect the environment. Prevent energy leaks（泄漏）at home. Heating and cooling can make up to 50 percent of your energy bill each month. 36 So youll save money and reduce your influence on the environment. Plant trees in your yard and community. Everyone knows that planting trees can help the environment. 37 Trees cool your home, reducing the energy used for cooling. Trees improve mental health. Trees reduce noise pollution. 38 If you use ceiling fans during hot summer days, you can create a cooling environment. A few ceiling or regular fans properly placed in your home can reduce the amount of time you spend with the air conditioning on. Use solar energy more often. 39 There are lots of inexpensive solar products you can try out. For example, solar-powered lights. How about solar cell phone chargers? Additionally, there are many forms of passive solar energy that can help you take advantage of the sun. Think about green transportation. Just sit and think about a few environmentally friendly ways you can get from one place to another. 40 You can walk or bike to the corner store. Walking instead of driving to a store is a great way to help the environment! A. Trees have many good influences. B. Use natural wind to dry your clothes. C. There are many ways to use solar power. D. Use ceiling fans to cool off in summer. E. You can take a bus when going to the movie theater. F. Turn off lights and electronic devices when youre not using them. G. You can heat and cool your home more efficiently by fixing leaks.36. A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：每个人都知道种树对环境有益；空后的意思是：树木能使你的家里变的凉爽。所以这里选A（树木有很多好的作用。）与上下文一致。37. D考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：如果你夏天用吊扇，那么你就创造了一个清爽的能源。所以这里选D（在夏天用吊扇来散凉。）与上下文一致。38. C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：更多的使用太阳能。空后的意思是：有很多便宜的太阳能产品，你可以试试。所以这里选C（有很多方式使用太阳能。）与上下文一致。39. E考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：坐着想想还有什么从这儿到那儿的环境友好的生活方式。空后的意思是：你可以步行或者骑自行车到街角的商店。所以这里选E（当你去电影院的时候你可以乘公交车。）与上下文一致。考点：考查七选五短文。 【能力提升】【河南省开封市2017届高三上学期定位考试（10月）英语试题】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays its not easy to find a suitable job. Follow these tips, and possibly you can find a job that suits your personality. List your strong and weak pointsBefore you start your job search, take some time to think about your strong and weak points. 36 If you are excellent at managing your time, for example, a job in project management, or one that involves organizing others, could be perfect. Ask others for their opinionsAlthough you should know yourself better than anyone else, there are times when a second opinion is needed. 37 They may come up with ideas that you havent considered. You should, however, make sure that they arent so protective of you that they persuade you not to push yourself, or encourage you so much that you aim too high. Find out what potential jobs involve 38 Make sure you do as much research as possible to determine exactly what you will have to do. An office job may sound very safe if you are shy, but if you then find that you have to give regular presentations, you may not be cut out for it after all. 39 When looking for a job, many people have an idea of what they would like to be in the future. However, that is often little more than a dream and, even if it s possible to reach that goal, it may involve years of hard work that you dont enjoy. 40 If you can find a job that mirrors what makes you happy in life, it is likely that you will enjoy it and it will match your personality type.A. Take a personality testB. Consider what delights youC. Think about what makes you happy and then analyze why.D. Finding a job that suits your personality is very easy and interesting.E. Ask your friends and family what sort of job they think would suit you best.F. Sometimes, it isnt immediately obvious what a job will involve until you start it.G. More importantly, think about how they would affect your ability to do particular jobs.37.E 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：尽管你比任何人都更了解自己，但是有时候有一个不同的观点也是需要的；空后的意思是：他们可能会提出你没有考虑的想法。所以这里选E（问你的朋友和家人，他们认为哪种工作更适合你。）与上下文一致。38.F考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：确保你做了大量的研究来决定你必须做什么。所以这里选F（有时候直到你开始工作时，你才会知道工作包含什么。）与上下文一致。39.B考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：空后的意思是：许多人在找工作时都会想在未来工作会是什么样子。所以这里选B（考虑是什么使你开心。）与上下文一致。40.C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：即使有可能实现目标，也会是几年的努力工作。空后的意思是：如果你能找一份使你开心的工作。所以这里选C（想一想什么使你开心，为什么。）与上下文一致。考点：考查七选五短文。【终极闯关】【湖南省衡阳市第八中学2017届高三实验班第一次质检】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference 36 .Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 37 . After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradabledestroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物). 38 .That means harmful material may get into our food supply. 39 . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also workswhere old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 40 . And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.A. Then, fish may eat the plastics.B. But people can make a big difference.C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused.D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.E. It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.GThe report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.【名师点评】本文叙述了塑料是如何进入海洋并危害海洋生物和人类的，呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。
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