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专题15 语法填空（二）语法填空(二)A(2016辽宁沈阳高三质量监测)Hardly can you succeed 1.in doing something perfectly the first time you do it. 2.Therefore/Thus,_when you do something for the first time, it is time to give up the idea of perfection.I remember the first time I 3.drove(drive) a car in traffic after getting my drivers license. I was very nervous in that heavy trafficmy driving style showed that I wasnt a very confident driver. Now Im much more 4.experienced(experience) as a driver. 5.Though/Although/While I still dont consider myself a perfect one, Im much more confident behind the wheel than 6.what I was when I started. In general, 7.it is useless to work hard for doing something perfectly when you do it for the first time. You are setting the bar so high that you just feel bad when you are 8.unable(able) to meet the level you have set.Also, perfection is just another way 9.to_delay(delay), so trying to be perfect is just 10.a waste of time. You should work hard for excellence instead.A体裁：夹叙夹议文题材：人生哲理主题：第一次不要苛求完美语篇导读：本文利用自己的经历来说明第一次做某事的时候不要追求完美，追求完美不仅会耽误事情，也会浪费时间。1【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次做某件事的时候是几乎不可能做到完美的。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。2【解析】句意：因此，当你第一次做某事的时候，也就是你要放弃完美的时候。根据两个句子之间的关系可知，此处应是表示结果的副词，又因为空格后面的标点符号是逗号，故填Therefore或Thus。【误区诊断】此处易错填So，虽然意思成立。但是so后面通常不加标点符号。3【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：我记得在我拿到驾照后第一次开车。句中的the first time引导的时间状语从句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时，故填drove。4【解析】考查词性转换。句意：现在我开车熟练多了。分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词作表语。5【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然我现在仍然认为自己不完美，但是现在比刚开始开车的时候自信了很多。句子前后两部分是转折关系，所以此处应填引导让步状语从句的连词，故填Though/Although/While。【状元点拨拓展】as引导让步状语从句的用法当as引导让步状语从句时，一定要用倒装结构，需要把句子中的名词、形容词，有时会是动词原形提到句首。6.【解析】考查表语从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构及句意可知than后面的句子中缺少表语，故填连接代词what。7【解析】考查代词。句意：通常情况下，当你第一次做某事时，努力要做到完美是没有用的。It is useless to do sth.做某事是没有用的，为固定句型，it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。8【解析】考查词形转换。句意：你设定的目标太高，以至于当你不能达到这一标准时，你会感到难过。根据句意可知，此处应该是表示否定的意思，所以要用able的反义词unable。9【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，完美是另外一种耽误时间的方式way意为“方式，方法”时，后面常用动词不定式作定语，故填to delay。10【解析】考查冠词。句意：所以，努力想要达到完美只是浪费时间。a waste of time浪费时间。BA young lady confidently walked around the room with a raised glass of water, and everyone knew she was going to ask the question, “half empty or half full？”She 1.fooled(fool) them all. “How heavy is this glass of water？” she inquired with a smile. 2.Answers(answer) came out from 8 oz. to 20 oz.She replied, “The absolute weight doesnt matter. 3.It depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute, thats not a problem. If I hold it for an hour, I 4.will_have(have) an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, youll have to call an ambulance. In each case its the same weight, but the longer I held it, the 5.heavier(heavy) it becomes.” She continued，“And thats the way it is with stress. If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, as the burden becomes 6.increasingly(increasing) heavy, we wont be able to carry on.”“As with the glass of water, you have to put it down for a while and rest before 7.holding(hold) it again. When were refreshed, we can carry on 8.with the burdenholding stress longer and better each time practiced.”So, as early in the evening 9.as you can, put all your burdens down. Dont carry them through the evening and into the night. Pick them 10.up tomorrow.体裁：议论文题材：生活哲理主题：要学会“放下”压力语篇导读：我们举杯子的时间越长，就越会感觉到水变得更重。压力也是如此，我们越放不下，就越会感觉到压力，所以我们要学会“放下”。1【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，本文叙述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。2【解析】考查名词的数。根据from 8 oz.to 20 oz.可知，多个人回答了问题，所以用名词的复数形式。注意首字母大写。3【解析】考查代词。it代指weight。It depends on这取决于，是固定句型。注意首字母大写。4【解析】考查动词的时态。这是if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。5【解析】考查比较等级。这里是一个固定句式“the比较级，the比较级”，越越。此处指举的时间越长，它就变得越重，故用heavy的比较级heavier。6【解析】考查词性转换。应用副词修饰形容词heavy。7【解析】考查非谓语动词。因为空格前的before为介词，所以用动名词形式。8【解析】考查介词。carry on with sth.继续做。9【解析】考查固定搭配。空格处与前面的as构成固定句式“asas you can”，尽可能。10【解析】考查固定搭配。pick up有“拿起”之意。句意：明天再拾起这些压力吧。C(2017湖南岳阳一中高三段考)APEC, 1.established(establish) in 1989, is short 2.for AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation. In January 1989, Australian Prime Minister raised the proposal during his visit to Seoul, Republic of Korea. After consultation with relevant countries, the first ministerial meeting 3.was_held(hold) in Canberra, Australia from 6 to 7 November 1989.APEC, 4.whose goal is to advance AsiaPacific economic development, is working hard to meet the demands of growing interdependence among AsiaPacific countries. More 5.importantly(importance), the purpose of APEC meeting is to promote free trade and cooperation and to 6.strengthen(strength) an open multilateral trading system. The activities of APEC cover the promotion of 7.regional(region) trade, investment, finance, human resources 8.development(develop) and technology transfer. APEC has 21 member countries so far.Cooperation among APECs members is governed by the principle of equal respect for the views of all participants, and it is because of this principle 9.that “mutual(相互的) respect and mutual benefit” becomes its agreement.The year of 2014 marked 10.the 25th anniversary of APEC, and China was the host.体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：介绍亚太经合组织语篇导读：本文介绍了亚太经济合作组织的成立时间、发起人、组织的宗旨、目标等。1【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语是“is”，所以空格处应用非谓语动词形式修饰APEC，APEC和动词establish之间为被动关系，故用过去分词established。2【解析】考查固定用法。be short for是的缩写。3【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语the first ministerial meeting与动词hold之间是被动关系，且是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为APEC，在从句中作goal的定语，故用whose。5【解析】考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰整个句子，故用副词importantly。6【解析】考查词性转换。根据空格前的to，结合句意可知，to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，故用strength的动词形式strengthen。句意：APEC会议旨在促进自由贸易和合作以加强开放的多边贸易关系。7【解析】考查词性转换。根据空格前的of和空格后的trade可知，空格处修饰名词trade，故用region的形容词形式regional。8【解析】考查词性转换。根据and technology transfer可知，空格处与名词transfer对应，也用名词，即develop的名词形式development。9【解析】考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为同位语从句，抽象名词principle为先行词，从句说明principle的具体内容，故用that引导该从句。10【解析】考查冠词。根据句中的25th anniversary of APEC可知，此处特指“第25届亚太经济合作组织年会”，故用定冠词the。DWikipedia says that a hero is “a character who, in the face of dangerdisplays courage and the will to sacrifice himself”A dictionary defines a hero 1.as “a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities”To me, a persons hero is someone they can rely on, someone providing endless 2.encouragement(encourage) and unconditional love and someone who sticks to you through thick and thin, and keeps 3.sticking(stick) to you even when you want them to leave.For me, that person is my grandma.4.She was always my supporter. My grandma lived through death and loss, 5.but woke up every morning with a smile on her face. She lived 1,729 miles away, yet managed 6.to_visit(visit) us four times a year.She taught for 34 years, and was the one who instilled(逐渐灌输) the love of writing into me. Always encouraging me to write, she 7.helped(help) me grow as a person. Of the 8.lessons(lesson) she taught me, the one I will always remember is 9.that I should live a happy life, go about everything with a smile and never take myself too 10.seriously(serious)So, heres to my grandma, my hero, my support group, and my best friend.体裁：议论文题材：介绍说明主题：“我”的偶像语篇导读：作者通过偶像的定义来引出自己的偶像，并阐明奶奶成为自己的偶像的原因。1【解析】考查固定搭配。defineas把定义为。2【解析】考查词性转换。形容词endless修饰名词encouragement。3【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词keep后接动名词作宾语。keep doing sth.坚持做某事。4【解析】考查代词。根据上文的For me, that person is my grandma.可知，此处用she来代替my grandma。5【解析】考查连词。根据上文中的My grandma lived through death and loss以及下文中的with a smile on her face可知，此处表示转折关系，故用but。6【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词manage后接不定式作宾语，故填to visit。7【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上文的She taught for 34 years, and was the one who instilled可知，此处用一般过去时。8【解析】考查名词的数。of the后接可数名词的复数，故填lessons。9【解析】考查连接词。分析句子可知，此处用that来引导表语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分。10【解析】考查词性转换。此处副词修饰动词take。takeseriously认真对待。E(2016陕西宝鸡高三质量检测)Throughout history, the Chinese nation has constructed 1.thousands(thousand)of magnificent bridges, 2.which，of course, have become one of the marks of ancient Chinese civilization.The Guangji Bridge, 3.known(know) as the first opening bridge in the world, is one good example of them. It 4.lies(lie) in the eastern suburb of Chaozhou, China, across the Han River for over 800 years, which at first was 5.simply(simple) a boat bridge built in 1170 AD in Southern Song Dynasty with the 6.length(long) of 518 meters.Later construction of piers and framework started from both banks of the river on which it was fixed, and it took a total of 200 years 7.to_complete(complete) the Guangji Bridge with a floating section of 18 supporting wooden boats in between the two beamed sections. When necessary, the floating section can be unlocked for the passage of big boats, which is really 8.an imaginative invention in bridgebuilding history. There are two iron cows standing at both ends of the bridge, 9.in the hope of protecting the bridge from the flood damage. 10.What makes the bridge particularly outstanding is that its two beamed sections resemble waterside streets with 24 different styles pavilions and towers for doing business, which become a special view on the bridge.体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：广济桥语篇导读：在历史上，中华民族曾经建造了许多壮丽的桥梁，这些桥梁是中国古代文明的标志。其中位于潮州的广济桥就是一个典型代表。1【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在历史上，中华民族曾经建造了成千上万座壮丽的桥梁，当然，这些桥梁已成为中国古代文明的标志之一。thousands of数以千计的。2【解析】考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bridges, 从句中缺少主语，故填which。3【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为世界上第一座孔桥而闻名的广济桥就是其中一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知，本句主干结构是The Guangji Bridge is one good example。因此动词know在句中要用非谓语动词形式；know与逻辑主语The Guangji Bridge之间是被动关系，故填过去分词known。4【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他位于中国潮州东郊，横跨韩江800多年，它建于公元1170年的南宋朝，起初它只是一座518米长的舟桥。主语It是单数，而且描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。5【解析】考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故填simply(仅仅；只不过)。6【解析】考查词性转换。句意见第4题解析。设空前为定冠词，空后为介词，因此设空处应用名词。7【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：总共花费了200年才建成了广济桥It took (sb.) some time to do sth.是固定句式，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。8【解析】考查冠词。句意：必要时，浮桥部分可以开启供大型船舶通行，这是桥梁建筑史上非常具有想象力的发明。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一项发明”，且invention前有以元音音素开头的形容词修饰，故填不定冠词an。9【解析】考查介词。句意：桥头两端分立两头铁牛，人们期望它们保护广济桥免受洪水的侵害。in the hope of怀着的希望。10【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导名词性从句，在整个句中作主语，且从句中缺少主语，故填What。F(2016吉林长春高三质量检测)Two years ago, Boyan Slat, a then 19yearold university student in Holland, made the claim that he 1.would/could clean up the oceans vast accumulation of plastics in about five years.2During a scuba diving holiday in Greece, Boyan Salt, aged 16, found there were 3.more(many) plastic bags than fish in the sea. He started seeking for a solution to ocean plastic 4.pollution/pollutants(pollute). In 2012, he decided to make his intentions public. It sounded like a pipedream to many when Slat first described his idea, but he felt it was so simple and it just might work.Slat came up with 5.what he called a floating “Ocean Cleanup Array.” Instead of going after the plastics, he designed an array(阵列) of long floating barriers to let the ocean currents concentrate the plastic 6.itself(it). The system of floating barriers is over a mile long.The system had its first proofofconcept test, which 7.was_performed(perform) in the Azores Island. After proving the feasibility(可行性) of the array in doing what it was supposed to do, the real evaluation of the array will take place in the second quarter of 2016, in a twoyear pilot project in realworld conditions off the coast of Tsushima, an island 8.lying(lie) between Japan and South Korea.This pilot project is worth watching to see if it 9.works(work). And if it does work as 10.expected(expect), we have something even bigger to look forward to.体裁：说明文题材：环境与自然主题：清理海洋塑料袋垃圾语篇导读：本文介绍了一位大学生关心海洋环境，并决心要清理白色污染的事迹，他想出来的漂浮的“海洋清理阵列”方法如果奏效，将会对海洋保护起到很大的作用。1【解析】考查情态动词。句意：两年前，在荷兰当时是一位19岁大学生的博扬斯拉声称，他将/能在五年中清理掉海洋里大量堆积的塑料袋。本句是说博扬斯拉的计划，根据主句中的made可知，此处应是过去将来时，故填would；同时根据句意也可以是他相信自己能够做到，故也可填could。2【解析】考查介词。句意：博扬斯拉16岁时在希腊斯库巴潜泳度假期间，发现海洋里的塑料袋比鱼还要多。根据句意可知，此处指他在希腊度假期间，故填During(在期间)。3【解析】考查比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及than可知，此处用形容词的比较级。4【解析】考查词性转换。句意：他开始寻找一种解决方法来处理海洋塑料袋污染(物)问题。设空前有形容词plastic修饰，且根据上文描述可知，此处指“塑料污染”或“塑料污染物”，故用名词pollution(污染)或pollutants(污染物)。5【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：斯拉想出一个他称之为漂浮的“海洋清理阵列”的主意。come up with想出，提出，后面跟的是宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知填what。6【解析】考查代词。句意：他设计出一种长漂浮物的阵列，目的是让洋流自己把塑料集中起来。此处的代词应该指代前面的the plastic自身，故填反身代词itself作同位语。7【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。本题描述的是已经发生过的事情，应用一般过去时；which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的test，和动词perform之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。8【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰island，它和动词lie之间是主动关系，故填现在分词lying。9【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：这次飞行员工程是值得的，看看这个想法是否奏效。根据上一段的内容可知，这项工程现在正在实施，所以要看现在的结果，故用一般现在时。10【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这个方法能像预期的那样奏效，我们会希望去做更大的事情。根据句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，主语it和expect之间是被动关系，故填过去分词expected。
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