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第4讲 词义猜测题（一）词义猜测题(一)A(2016福建厦门毕业班质检)Harper Lee, whose 1961 novel To Kill a Mockingbird on the racial troubles of the American deep south, has died at the age of 89.Until last year, Lee had been something_of_a_onebook_literary_legend. To Kill a Mockingbird sold more than 40 million copies around the world and earned her a Pulitzer prize, remaining a towering presence in American literature. Another novel, Go Set a Watchman, was controversially published in July 2015 as a “sequel” to Mockingbird, though it was later confirmed to be Mockingbirds first draft. But from the moment Mockingbird was published to almost instant success, the author consistently avoided public attention. Lee had lived for several years in a nursing home near the house in which she had grown up in Monroeville, Alabamathe setting for Maycomb of her famous book. Her neighbor for 40 years, Sue Sellers, said, “She was such a private person. All she wanted was privacy, but she didnt get much. There was always somebody following her around.” James Naughtie, BBC Books Editor, commented on the novels of Harper Lee: “I think she stands, particularly among American readers, as someone who shone a light into a very dark place. She was writing at a time when people were beginning to lift the lid on everything in the South which theyd chosen not to understand. That all changed in the 1960s. So I think her status for writing that book in its extraordinarily direct way will remain.” 体裁：记叙文题材：人物故事主题：美国著名作家哈珀李语篇导读：文章介绍了美国著名女作家哈珀李及其成名作杀死一只知更鸟。1What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean?ALee became successful with stories on American south.BPeople owe Lees success to luck to some degree.CMockingbird makes Lee a wonder in American literature.DMockingbird was a bestseller by selling 40m copies.【解析】C词义猜测题。根据画线部分后一句可知，这本书的销量超过4 000万册，且一直在美国文学史上独占鳌头。正是这本书使她成为美国文学史上的一个奇迹，故选C项。2What does “Maycomb” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?AA nursing home. BLees hometown.CA fictional place. DA main character. 【解析】C词义猜测题。Maycomb之前的setting意为“背景”，再结合其后的of her famous book可知，Maycomb指的是她那本名著的背景，故选C项。3Which best describes Americans attitude towards racial troubles before the 1960s?ATolerant. BUnconcerned.CSympathetic. DDissatisfied.【解析】B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，在20世纪60年代之前，美国人对种族问题是不关心的(unconcerned)，故选B项。tolerant宽容的；容忍的；sympathetic同情的；dissatisfied不满意的。4What can we learn from the text?ALee based all her stories on her life.BLee had to avoid being followed by her fans.CLee wrote Go Set A Watchman before Mockingbird.DLee lived in the house where she grew up for the whole life.【解析】C推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，2015年出版的小说设立守望者是知更鸟的初稿，故它是在知更鸟之前写的，故选C项。BWalt Disney World is banning selfiesticks from its theme parks because “selfiesticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast，” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said.Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles wont make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also wont be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfiesticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disneys parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1.Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfiesticks for pickup later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resorts hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney Worlds website.The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfiesticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers.Selfiestick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing themepark moments through selfportraits. The tools have been banned in public placesincluding some museums and stadiumsworldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues.Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful.”Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans.体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：禁用自拍杆语篇导读：本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司要求各大主题乐园禁用自拍杆。5Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the new policy takes effect?ASmart phones.BFolding chairs.CCameras.DContainers.【解析】B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，在新政策实施以前，迪斯尼乐园就已经禁止折叠椅之类的物品进入主题公园，故选B项。6According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfiesticks during the routine bagcheck, they may _.Aabandon them at the bag checkBget fined and pick them up laterCturn them in to the policeDput them in the trunk of their cars【解析】D细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句可知，如果例行检查发现自拍杆，游客们可以选择先上交之后再取回、放回自己的车里或放回酒店房间，故选D项。7The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means _.AchangingBbroadeningCblockingDnarrowing【解析】C词义猜测题。文章第五段第二句解释自拍杆为什么在某些场合被禁用，把各选项单词代入替换，可推知可能是造成安全问题或者阻挡(block)视线。change改变；broaden拓展；narrow(使)变窄。8According to the passage, it can be inferred that _.Athe ban on the use of selfiesticks is aimed at ensuring securityBpreviously guests can take photos with selfiesticks on thrill ridesCthe staff in Disneyland will inform visitors of the ban only orallyDUniversal Orlando has banned selfiesticks parkwide【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，迪斯尼公司决定禁用自拍杆是为了保证游客的安全，故选A项。根据文章第四段第二句可知B项错误；C项错在only orally；根据文章最后一段中的but it has not set parkwide bans可知D项错误。CPacing and PausingSara tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.Conversation is a turntaking game. When our habits are similar, theres no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before Im finished or fail to take your turn when Im finished. Thats what was happening with Betty and Sara.It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping(思维定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break inand never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.Thats why slight differences in conversational styletiny little things like microseconds of pausecan have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problemseven in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.体裁：说明文题材：社会文化主题：文化差异导致说话方式不同语篇导读：不同国家和地区的人谈话时停顿时间的长短有着明显的不同，于是便产生了谈话时相互“答不上话”的情况，这不但会使人们产生误解，更严重的还会影响一个人的工作和生活。9What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?ABetty was talkative.BBetty was an interrupter.CBetty did not take her turn.DBetty paid no attention to Sara.【解析】C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句并结合第三段内容可知，C项正确由于Betty谈话时停顿时间太长，Sara感觉她总是接不上话。10According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?AAmericans.BIsraelis.CThe British.DThe Finns.【解析】B推理判断题。根据第三段中几个不同国家的人谈话时停顿时间的比较可知，B项正确，即以色列人谈话时停顿时间最短。11We can learn from the passage that _.Acommunication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingBwomen are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the USCones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesDone should receive training to build up ones confidence【解析】C推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，因为文化的差异，不同国家和地区的人谈话时停顿时间的长短不同。有些地区的人由于说话时停顿时间太长，而让人感觉他们不健谈，故C项与原文内容相符。12The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means _.Abeing willing to speak ones mindBbeing able to increase ones powerCbeing ready to make ones own judgmentDbeing quick to express ones ideas confidently【解析】D词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知这位女士因为在工作上不健谈(其实是她讲话时停顿时间长)而被告知去参加培训，可推知她参加的应该是能够让她自信地表达想法的培训，故D项正确。
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