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专题10 连词和状语从句状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上，尤其要重视as, until, before, since, when, in case等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。其考点主要包括： 1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的一些区别。如：时间状语从句的连词有while, when，as，as soon as，until，notuntil，before, after，since等； 条件状语从句的连词有 if，unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等； 结果状语从句的连词有sothat(如此以至于)，suchthat(如此以至于)等。 2考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如：no soonerthan/hardlywhen(一就); the moment/minute，directly等的连词功能。3考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义，如as既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句； where引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。4考查状语从句的时态。主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来，以及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。5考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”，也可以省略it is。连词的考查主要集中在并列句和各种复合句中，主要考查连词的意义辨析。如：and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。 一、时间状语从句(一)when，while与as引导的时间状语从句1when，while与as引导时间状语从句的区别连词谓语动词用法点津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边一边；随着”When they heard the news that Shenzhou had been sent up into space successfully，they jumped with joy.听到“神舟”九号成功发射的消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。While I was reading，he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。2while还可以作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.刘旺来自山西，而刘洋来自河南。3when也可以作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会这时突然有人闯了进来。(二)before与since引导的时间状语从句1before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前，还未就；才；.趁，还没来得及It will (not) be一段时间before.(没有)过时间才.It was not long before.不久就It was时间段before.过了(时间)才since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时)It will be two years before he leaves the country.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It wasnt two years before he left the country.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。2since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。Its three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。(三)表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句1引导时间状语从句，且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有：as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，hardly/scarcely. when，no sooner. than.。2hardly/scarcely. when，no sooner. than.中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner.和hardly/scarcely.位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。(四)until与till引导的时间状语从句1until与till引导时间状语从句的区别连词位置用法点津until可以放在句首not.until可用于强调句型till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型2.not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。(五)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)1其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。2by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time you come back, well have finished the job.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作。They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.我们到的时候，他们已经种了10棵树了。二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing(that)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case there is a fire，what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？2在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。三、让步状语从句(一)although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句1although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Although the sun is shining, it isnt very warm.尽管艳阳高照，天气并不是很暖和。Happy as they were, there was something missing.尽管他们快乐，但总缺少点什么。2although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。3though还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。Ive a bit of cold.It is nothing much，though.我有点感冒，不过不太严重。4while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(二)even if与even though引导的让步状语从句even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。(三)“no matter疑问词”与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句1“no matter疑问词”相当于“疑问词ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Dont trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.无论他说什么，不要相信他。2whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。(四)whether.or.引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你相信与否，那都是真的。四、地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。如：Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。五、原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。区别项目位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as(由于)主句前或后对方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/nowThat(既然)主句前如：Shes studying because she has a test tomorrow.她正在学习，因为她明天有考试。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。2此外，when也可以表示原因，意为：since; considering that既然；考虑到。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里，你却打车，你可真够愚蠢的。六、目的状语从句和结果状语从句1目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。如：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会慢慢说，这样你就能理解我。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。2结果状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so.that., such.that.在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣的钱如此少，以至于养不起家。当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all difficult problems.他是如此聪明的学生，以至于能成功地解出所有难题。(2)除结果状语从句外，too.to.(太而不能)，enough to.(达到某种程度可以)，so.as to.(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起床太晚，以至于没赶上那班公共汽车。七、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉像是发烧了。考点一、考查连词的用法例1. 【2016天津】7. _ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. A. Unless B. UntilC. As D. While【答案】C【考点】考查连词。【变式探究】【2016浙江】5._online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在之后；unless除非。故选C。【考点】考查连词。考点二、考查状语从句例2【2016北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A. because B. beforeC. unless D. until【答案】A【解析】句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。【考点】考查状语从句【变式探究】【2016北京】27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case【答案】C【解析】句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。【考点】考查状语从句1.【2016天津】7. _ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. A. Unless B. UntilC. As D. While【答案】C【考点】考查连词。2.【2016浙江】5._online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在之后；unless除非。故选C。【考点】考查连词。3.【2016北京】35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. so B. andC. for D. but【答案】C【解析】句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果；and表并列关系；for补充说明原因；but表转折。故选C。【考点】考查并列连词4.【2016江苏】26._some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.A.BecauseB.IfC.UnlessD.While【答案】D【解析】连词because因为；if如果；unless除非；while尽管；然而；当时；根据句意可知此处表转折，所以使用while尽管。故D项正确。【考点】考查连词5.【2016北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A. because B. beforeC. unless D. until【答案】A【解析】句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。【考点】考查状语从句6.【2016北京】27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case【答案】C【考点】考查状语从句7.【2016江苏】34.Not until recently _the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged【答案】C【解析】句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故C项正确。 【考点】考查部分倒装1.(2015江苏，26)It is so cold that you cant go outside fully covered in thick clothes.解析句意：外面很冷，如果你不穿着厚衣服的话你不能出去。unless 除非，如果不。该题实际上也考查了状语从句的省略，其完整形式为 unless you are fully.答案unless2.(2015湖南，33) the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.解析句意：虽然这项工作花费大量的时间，但是大部分的学生认为这次经历是值得的。although/though虽然，符合句意。答案Although/Though3.(2015北京，28)You wont find paper cutting difficult long as you keep practicing it.解析句意：只要你坚持练习剪纸，你就不会觉得剪纸难了。as/so long as只要，符合句意。答案as/so4.(2015北京，32) the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.答案Once5.(2015浙江，9)Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.解析句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意义一样，一个句子也可以改变一段的意义。just as正如，正像，符合句意。答案as6.(2015重庆，4)If you miss this chance, it may be years you get another one.解析句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能得过好几年你才能再得到机会。before “在之前”，引导时间状语从句。答案before7.(2015陕西，20)I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.解析句意：我相信一旦你在这儿认识了别人之后，你会在这儿有一段美好的时光。考查状语从句。根据前后句意思，可以看出此处是条件关系。答案once8.(2015四川，6)There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.解析考查连词。句意：还有一天你最喜欢的乐队将会现场演奏。before在之前。答案before9.(2015天津，12)We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.解析句意：我们需要找到问题的根源后才能解决它。考查时间状语从句。根据逻辑关系可知，“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。答案before10.(2015安徽，23) scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know.解析句意：尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多，但有许多我们还不知道的。 考查状语从句的连接词。该题主要考查让步状语从句。答案Though11.(2015安徽，34) he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.解析句意：在他曾经想放弃的地方，他现在有推动进一步的决心并且继续前进。 考查状语从句连接词。答案Where12.(2015福建，31) the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.答案While 1.（2014安徽卷）25The meaning of the word nice changed a few times it finally came to include the sense pleasant.A. before B. after C. since D. while【考点】考察状语从句连词词义辨析【答案】A【解析】连词before在之前；after在之后；since自从，既然；D当时；然而；句义：在“nice”这个词最后包括有“pleasant”的意义之前，它的意思已经变化了好几次了。本句中的副词finally说明最后nice包括有“pleasnt”的意思，说明意义多次变化是之前发生的事情。根据句义说明A正确。2.（2014北京卷）29._ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. AsB. WhenC. Even thoughD. In case【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】C【解析】本题的状语从句连词都是常用的连词。As由于，因为；随着；when当时；even though即使，尽管；in case以防；句意：即使那个森林公园很遥远，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系，所以使用even though表示让步转折关系。故C正确。3.（2014湖南卷）26. You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.A. whenB. becauseC. afterD. unless【考点】考察状语从句中的连词辨析【答案】D4.（2014江苏卷）21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.A. thoughB. asC. sinceD. unless【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词辨析。Though尽管；as随着，因为；since自从，既然；unless除非，如果不；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though表示让步和转折。故A正确。5.（2014浙江卷 ）15. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family.A.now that B. as if C. only if D. so that【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】D【解析】本题中的连词短语now that既然；as if似乎，好像；only if只要；so that以至于，结果是；句意：当Cathy的儿子出生的时候，Cathy一句辞职了，以至于他可以待在家里抚养孩子。根据句意可知本句中的so that引导的是一个目的状语从句，从句中常常会有其他动词can等。根据句意说明D项正确。6.（2014重庆卷 ）14.Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _the bus had dropped her.A. untilB. When C. althoughD. where【考点】考察状语从句【答案】D7.（2014山东卷）2. I dont really like the author,_ I have to admit his books are very exciting. A. although B. unless C. until D. once 【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词表示。Although尽管；unless除非，如果不；until直到才；once一旦；句义：尽管我承认这本书很精彩，但是我并不喜欢这本书的作者。根据句义可知上下文之间存在这转折关系，四个选项中只有A项表示上下文的转折。故A正确。8.（2014陕西卷）24. The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left _ I could ask for their names.A. while B. before C. after D. since【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是状语从句连词辨析.while当时；然而；before在之前；after在之后； since自从；before有多种不同的翻译方法。句义：归还我丢掉的钱包的那对年轻的夫妻在我问他们名字之前就离开了。故B正确。9.（2014四川卷）8. Ill be out for some time. _ anything important happens, call me up immediately.A. In case B. As if C. Even though D. Now that【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】A 【解析】本题四个连词都是状语从句中常考的连词。in case“万一，以防”；as if“似乎，好像”；even though “即使，尽管”；now that“既然，由于”（now有时可以省略）。句意：我要出去一下。万一有什么重要事，请立刻打我电话。根据句义说明A正确。10.（2014天津卷）4._ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.A. unless B. Although C. Before D. Once【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析【答案】D（2013新课标I卷）34. It was a real race _ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. A. over B. by C. for D. against 【答案】 D 【解析】题干中的it显然是形式主语，真正主语是不定式to get the project done。句意：完成这个项目真正是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是，我们赢了。此处a race against time是固定短语，意思是“和时间赛跑”，故D正确。【考点定位】本题考查介词的用法。（2013新课标I卷）32. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B. if C. as D. while 【答案】 D 【解析】句意：没办法知道为什么一个人有重大发现，而另外一个人虽然也很聪明，却没有（重大发现）。此处while是并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“然而”。根据句意选D。【考点定位】本题考查并列连词的用法。（2013新课标卷)3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C.so D.or【答案】A【解析】考查并列连词。and“和”，表并列和递进；but“但是”，表转折；or“或者”，表选择；so“因此”，表因果。句意“非常高兴能再次见到Jenny，但是我不想和她呆一整天。”根据句意可知，表示转折的含义，故选A。【考点定位】并列连词and, but,or。（2013浙江）16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B. that C. which D. whether【答案】B【考点定位】考查连词。（2013大纲卷）23. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. But B. and C.so D.or【答案】A【解析】考查并列连词。and“和”，表并列和递进；But“但是”，表转折；or“或者”，表选择；so“因此”，表因果。句意“非常高兴能再次见到Jenny，但是我不想和她呆一整天。”根据，句意可知，表示转折的含义，故选A。【考点定位】并列连词and, But,or。（2013湖南卷)23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. althoughB. beforeC. becauseD. unless【答案】B【解析】句意：在你作决定之前，你必须学会参考你的感觉和你的原因。在你作决定之前，在前，“before”，引导时间状语从句。【考点定位】考查连词before的用法。（2013江西卷)28.She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. ifB. unlessC. afterD. when【答案】B【解析】句意为：她说除非生意好起来，要不然这店得一直关下去。unless =if not（如果不，除非） 其它选项不符合题意。【考点定位】 考查连词。（2013江西卷)24.What a terrible experience! _, youre safe now - thats the main thing.A. Anyway.B. Besides.C. Otherwise.D. Therefore.【答案】A【解析】句意为：多么可怕的经历！不管怎样，你现在平安无事了-那比什么都好。Besides( 另外)，相当于in addition, 是表前后句递进关系的衔接词；Otherwise=or( 否则)，是表反面结果的连词：Therefore =so (因此)，是顺接结果意义的关联词。【考点定位】 句意理解与连词活用的考查。 （2013四川)4. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so【答案】 B【考点定位】考察连词用法。（2013天津卷)5. _ small, the company has about 1000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. AsB. IfC. AlthoughD. Once【答案】C【解析】句意：“尽管公司很小，但是在30多个国家有1000多个买主。”A因为，尽管（从句要倒装）；B如果；C尽管；D一旦。因为前后之间存在转折，故选C。【考点定位】考查语境及连词用法。理解语境一般就能做出正确的选择。（2013重庆卷)28. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Which【答案】C。【解析】本题的主语部分是一个从句，空处是主语从句的连词，并且这个连词在主语从句中充当主语。排除选项A，B；which和what的区别是：前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。【考点定位】本题考查主语从句的连词。（2013重庆卷)23.Its not easy to change habits, _ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.A. forB. orC. butD. so【答案】C。【解析】空处前面说的是不容易，后面说的是可能，显然是转折关系。【考点定位】本题考查并列句的连词。（2013安徽卷)23. Its much easier to make friends you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that【答案】B【解析】unless, 除非, 如果不;when既然, 考虑到，当时；even though即使，虽然；so that以便，所以。句意：考虑到你们有相似的爱好，那成为朋友就更容易了。结合语境可知选B，【考点定位】连词辨析（2013安徽卷)21From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether【答案】C【考点定位】连词辨析
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