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,.句式填空1.intheway+定语从句Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated(以你想被别人对待的方式).2.where引导的定语从句AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother(各诸侯国之间经常发生战争).,3.thereasonwhy.的原因Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimals(人不同于动物的原因)isthatmanisgood.4.“no+比较级+than”同一样不Carswerefirstusedattheendofthenineteenthcentury,andwerenofasterthan(同一样不快)ahorse.,.教材设题1.Menciussideaswereverysimilarto_ofConfucius.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.ones【解析】选C。此处those指代ideas,特指孔子的思想。若选D,要把D项改为theones才对。,2.Formanyyearshetravelledfromstatetostate,_theprinciplesofConfucius.A.taughtB.toteachC.havingtaughtD.teaching,【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。此处teachingtheprinciplesofConfucius作伴随状语,句子主语he与teach这一动作之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且此动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生,所以要用v.-ing形式的一般式。havingtaught指teach这一动作发生在谓语动作之前,动词不定式不表示伴随。因而正确答案为D项。,3.Butitwasalsoatime_thereweremanygreatphilosophers.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who【解析】选B。考查定语从句。被修饰的先行词atime表示“一个时期”,又因后面的定语从句中缺少表示时间的状语,故选B。when相当于inwhich。,4.Often,thereason_peopleareunhappyis_theydonothaveenoughlove.A.why;becauseB.why;thatC.which;becauseD.which;that【解析】选B。第一个空需要关系副词why,whypeopleareunhappy是定语从句修饰thereason,why相当于forwhich。第二个空填that,thattheydonothaveenoughlove是that引导的表语从句,陈述thereason的内容。,5.Theysaythatyouneedtobeabitmadtobeaninventor._,thenmyfriendPeterLingisabitmad.Hesaninventor.A.IfpossibleB.IfnotC.IfanyD.Ifso【解析】选D。考查省略的用法。ifpossible如果可能的话;ifnot如果不;ifany如果有一些的话;ifso如果这样。句意:据说一个人要想成为发明家要有点疯狂。如果这样的话,那么我的朋友PeterLing就有点疯狂,他是一个发明家。,1.Itsimportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe_inlanguagestudies.2011哈尔滨模拟A.situationB.expressionC.conditionD.translation,【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。situation情景,形势;expression表达,表情;condition状况,环境,条件;translation翻译。句意:在语言学习中我们要根据情景使用单词或短语,这是非常重要的。,2.Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast_importanceareskills.2011长沙模拟A.fairB.reasonableC.equalD.proper,【解析】选C。考查形容词。fair公平的;reasonable合理的;equal平等的;proper适当的。句意:在体育运动中健康非常重要,但技能至少也同等重要。ofatleastequalimportanceareskills是倒装句,正常的语序是skillsareofatleastequalimportance。,3.完成句子(1)他命令战士们开火。Heorderedthesoldierstofire.(2)他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵树。Theyorderedthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore(should)beplanted.,1.Theyhadbeenat_warforfiveyears,andtherewasstillno_signofvictory.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a【解析】选C。考查冠词与固定搭配。beatwar处于交战状态,是固定短语,中间没有冠词。sign虽然是可数名词,但其前面有no,就不需要冠词了。因为no=nota/notany。,2.Heisacutler(刀具商)_,amanwhosellsknivesandsharptools.A.inconclusionB.ingeneralC.whatsmoreD.thatistosay【解析】选D。句意：他是个刀具商也就是说,他是一个卖刀和锋利器具的人。inconclusion总之;ingeneral一般说来;whatsmore而且;thatistosay也就是说。,1.Thereason_Iexplainedforthreedaysleavewas_mysickmotherneededmycare.A.why;thatB.which;thatC.why;becauseD.which;because,【解析】选B。第一个空填关系代词which是因为此处定语从句中谓语动词explained缺少宾语,which在此处指代thereason且引导定语从句,whichIexplainedforthreedaysleave。第二个空填that,此处that引导的表语从句指thereason的内容。,2.Thereason_Malcolmdidntstudyartwas_hisfatherdidntwanthimto.A.why;thatB.why;becauseC.for;becauseD.of;which【解析】选A。考查thereasonwhy.isthat.句式。其中why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句。句意为：Malcolm没有学习艺术的原因是他的父亲不想让他学。,.用所给词的适当形式填空equal,important,influence,honest,contribute,invent,argument,free,kindness,resign1.Hewasawardedaprizeforhiscontributiontoworldpeace.2.Womenarestillstrugglingfortrueequalitywithmen.3.Theysaidthegreatestvirtuesinapoliticianwerecorrectnessandhonesty.4.Heisoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresinthegovernment.,5.Wehavealwaysstressedtheimportanceofeconomicreform.6.Inventionslikethecomputerchangedthewaypeoplelived.7.Wouldyoubekindenoughtohelpme?8.Wearguedwiththewaiteraboutthepriceofthemeal.9.Todaywehavethefreedomtodecideourownfutures.10.Mr.Robbresignedhispositionlastmonth.,.完成句子1.这位老人抚养了一百多位孤儿。Theoldmanhasbroughtupmorethan100orphans.2.这就是那位发明家住过的房子。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichtheinventorlived.3.你认为这两个国家还会交战多长时间？Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswillbeatwarwitheachother?,4.我引以为豪的儿子结果没有考上大学。Mysonwho/whomIwasproudof/ofwhomIwasproudfailedtobeadmittedtoacollege.5.他的公司为我们的工业发展做出了很大贡献。Hiscompanymadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofourindustry.6.总之,我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。Inconclusion,Idliketothankyouforallyouvedoneforme.,7.我买这本书的原因是它是关于历史的。ThereasonwhyIboughtthebookwasthatitwasabouthistory.8.我们要相信人生来是平等的。Weshouldbelievethatmanisbornequal.,.单项填空1.Therearecases_theword“school”isusedasaverb.2011宁波模拟A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which【解析】选C。考查定语从句中的关系词。此处wheretheword“school”isusedasaverb是定语从句修饰前面的先行词cases,where相当于inwhich,表示“在这些情况中”。,【方法技巧】如何选择引导定语从句的关系词定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词(词组)或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等。关系代词与关系副词有双重的作用:一方面起连词的作用,连接从句使之与主句发生关系,另一方面它在句中起一定的句,法作用(关系代词可作主语和宾语;关系副词可作状语)。所以,在选择关系词时,首先看先行词,然后再看定语从句中缺少的成分。例如:Iknowthegirlthat/whoattendedtheparty.此处that/who在从句中作主语,指thegirl。Myhometownisaplacewhere/inwhichkitesaremade.此处where在定语从句中作状语,表示“在这个地方”,也可以换成inwhich。关系副词通常都相当于“介词+关系代词”。,2.Thechairmanwasforcedto_becauseofbeingchargedwithabuseofpower.A.retireB.resignC.reserveD.respond【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。retire退休;resign辞职;reserve预订,保留;respond回答,回应。句意：因为被指控滥用职权,这位主席被迫辞职。,【举一反三】Wehadto_fate,seeingthatwecoulddonothingtohelpourselves.A.resignourselvestoB.buryourselvestoC.applyourselvestoD.devoteourselvesto【解析】选A。句意：由于我们无法自助,只好听天由命了。resignoneselfto.表示“听任摆布,只好”。符合语境要求。,3.Whilelargenumbersofresidentsinthisarea_thisraredisease,veryfewsuffereddeath.2011合肥模拟A.pickedupB.tookupC.broughtupD.caughtup【解析】选A。考查动词短语。pickup拾起,收听,(偶然)学得,染上(习惯、病等);takeup开始从事,占据,拿起;bringup抚养,提出;catchup赶上。句意:虽然这个地区的很多居民患上了这种罕见病,但几乎没有人死亡。根据句意选A。,4.Youarecertaintorealizeyourdream_youmakegreateffortsandlayemphasisonimprovementsinefficiency.A.onconditionthatB.forfearthatC.eventhoughD.incase【解析】选A。考查固定短语。onconditionthat如果,条件是;forfearthat惟恐;eventhough即使,尽管;incase万一。句意:如果你努力且把重点放在提高效率上,你一定会实现梦想。,5.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith_oftheirparents.A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that【解析】选D。考查代词。此处that指代前面的approach。that既可指代可数名词单数也可指代不可数名词。若选B,要把B项改为theone,特指他们父母的那种方法。,6.Weoften_theimportanceofhonestywhengettingalongwithothers.A.speakB.talkC.stressD.tell【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。stresstheimportanceof是固定短语,表示“强调的重要性”。句意：在与人相处时我们经常强调诚实的重要性。,7.Floodhitthesmallvillage,leavingit_.A.inbadstateB.inabadpositionC.onnoconditionD.inbadcondition【解析】选D。句意:洪水袭击了这个小村子,使它的状况很不好。inbadcondition=inabadstate表示“状况不好”。inabadposition处于不好的位置或职位;onnocondition决不。,8.Runningacompanycallsforintelligence,patienceandalotofexperience._,itsnotasimplething.A.InconclusionB.OntheotherhandC.FirstofallD.Onthecontrary【解析】选A。考查固定短语。inconclusion总之;ontheotherhand另一方面;firstofall首先;onthecontrary相反。句意:经营一家公司需要智力、耐心与大量的经验。总之,这不是一件简单的事情。,9._Ilearnedtorideabike,Ifelloffitmanytimes.A.ThefirsttimewhenB.ForthefirsttimeC.ItwasthefirsttimeD.Thefirsttime【解析】选D。句意:第一次我学骑自行车时,我从自行车上掉下来很多次。此处thefirsttime引导时间状语从句,相当于whenIlearnedtorideabikeforthefirsttime.。,10.Takingmoreexercisecan_yourhealth.A.contributetoB.appealtoC.applytoD.occurto【解析】选A。考查动词短语。contributeto导致,有助于;appealto呼吁,吸引;applyto应用于;occurto想起。句意:多锻炼有助于你的健康。,11.Allthethingsintheroomwere_,butshequicklyputthem_.A.outoforder;inorderB.outoforder;onorderC.inorder;inorderD.outoforder;outoforder【解析】选A。outoforder发生故障,乱的;put.inorder按顺序排好,使井井有条。句意:房间里所有的东西都很乱,但她很快就使一切井井有条。,12.Sincemanisborn_,weshouldtreatthemancaughtstealing_.A.equally;equallyB.equal;equalC.equal;equallyD.equally;equal【解析】选C。考查形容词与副词。第一个空用形容词,equal作主语man的补足语,表明主语的情况。第二个空填副词来修饰前面的动词treat。,13.Noonehopesthetwocountrieswillbeat_war,because_peaceiswhateveryonewants.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;/D./;/【解析】选D。考查冠词。atwar(在交战)是固定短语,短语中没有冠词。第二个空不填冠词,因为peace(和平)是不可数名词,且在此处也不是特指,所以其前面不需要加冠词。,14.Hetookadvantageofhis_friendstogetintothecivilservice.A.incredibleB.accessibleC.influentialD.essential【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。incredible难以置信的;accessible可以进入的;influential有影响的;essential表示“最重要的”,通常作表语;表示“基本的”,通常作定语。句意:他利用那些有权有势的朋友到政府行政部门任职。,15.Heappliedforthe_ofassistantmanagerbutfailed.A.positionB.situationC.conditionD.station【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。position位置,职位;situation情景,形势;condition状态,条件,环境;station车站。句意:他申请经理助理的职位,但失败了。,.阅读理解Therehavebeenmanynaturaldisasterssinceancienttimes.Inordertofightagainstviolenceofnatureandimprovepeopleslife,manyscientistscreatedlotsofinventions.Hereisoneofthem.,ZhangHeng(78AD139AD)wasagreatastronomer,mathematician,artistandliteraryscholarintheEasternHanDynastyofChina.BornintodaysNanyangCounty,Henan,hewasagoodwriteratage12.Attheageof16,helefthometopursuehisstudyinginthecapitalcity.Hespentatleast10yearsofhisyouthinliterarystudiesandwriting.Hepublishedseveralwell-recognizedliterarywritings.Muchtoeveryonesamazement,heswitchedtoastronomyafterage30andatlasthesucceeded.,Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.In132ZhangHenginventedthefirstseismograph(地震仪)formeasuringearthquakes.Hisdevicewasintheshapeofa,cylinderwitheightdragonheadsaroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogs,eachdirectlyunderadragonhead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragonsmouthintoafrogsmouth,makinganoise.Healsoinventedtheodometer(里程表).ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.Inoneofhispublicationshealsosubmitted=about3.1466.HemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChineseancientmathematics.【文章大意】本文主要讲了张衡的生平以及他做出的贡献。,1.Whatsthepassageabout?A.ZhangHengafamousastronomer.B.Modernscientistsandtheirinventions.C.ZhangHengandhiscontributions.D.ZhangHengandhishobbies.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。全篇主要介绍张衡和他做出的贡献。A项内容尽管正确,但较片面;B项内容与文章第一段内容不符。,2.Whenaballfelloutofthedragonsmouthintoafrogsmouth,theseismographZhangHenginventedwouldshow_.A.howmanymilesawaytherewasanearthquakeB.abigfireoccurredsomewhereC.earthquakeswouldhappenallaroundthecountryD.theremightbeanearthquakeinthisdirection,【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragonsmouthintoafrogsmouth,makinganoise.”以及常识可知D项为正确答案。,3.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ZhangHengdidwellinliterarystudiesandwriting.B.ZhangHenginventedthecalendar.C.ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.D.ZhangHengalsoputforward=about3.1466.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据“Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.”可知B项与文章内容不符。A、C、D三项都正确。,4.Theunderlinedword“submitted”inthelastparagraphmeans_.A.wonB.rescuedC.repairedD.proposed【解析】选D。词义猜测题。结合单词所在句子的语境可推测submitted应为“提出,主张”的意思。,.任务型阅读2011大庆模拟根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。,ObtainingfreshwaterfromicebergsTheideaofgettingfreshwaterfromicebergsthataremovedtopopulatedareasorplaceswasoncetreatedasajoke.Recently,scientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracewilloutgrowitsfreshwatersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.1,Glaciersareapossiblesourceoffreshwaterthathasbeenoverlookeduntilrecently.2Itcontainsfreshwatersomuchthatitcouldsustainalltheriversoftheworldfor1,000years.,Hugeglaciersthatstretchovertheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthtoicebergsthroughouttheyear.3However,theyareformedentirelyonland,breakingoffwhenglaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergssometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirectionoppositetothewind.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorintheAtlanticOcean.4Thedifficultyexistssuchasitsrapidmeltinginwarmerclimates.5,A.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhentheseaitselffreezes.B.Nowitisbeingconsideredquiteseriousbymanynations.C.7,659trillionmetrictonsoficearefloatingontheseaeveryyear.D.Butthewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthatproduced.,E.Tomovethemtopartsoftheworldwouldnotbetoodifficult.F.ItisnotadreamtogetwaterfromIcebergs.G.Three-quartersoftheEarthsfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacialice.答案：15.BGAED,.单词拼写1.Hewasawardedaprizeforhiscontribution（贡献）toworldpeace.2.Womenarestillstrugglingfortrueequality（平等）withmen.3.Theysaidthegreatestvirtuesinapoliticianwerecorrectnessandhonesty（诚实）.4.Heisoneofthemostinfluential（有影响的）figuresinthegovernment.,5.Wehavealwaysstressedtheimportance（重要性）ofeconomicreform.6.Inventions（发明）likethecomputerchangedthewaypeoplelived.7.Wouldyoubekind（善良的）enoughtohelpme?8.Weargued（争论）withthewaiteraboutthepriceofthemeal.9.Todaywehavethefreedom（自由）todecideourownfutures.10.Mr.Robresigned（辞职，辞去）hispositionlastmonth.,.完成句子1.这位老人抚养了一百多位孤儿。Theoldmanhasbroughtupmorethan100orphans.2.这就是那位发明家住过的房子。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichtheinventorlived.3.你认为这两个国家还会交战多长时间？Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswillbeatwarwitheachother?4.我引以为豪的儿子结果没有考上大学。Mysonwho/whomIwasproudof/ofwhomIwasproudfailedtobeadmittedtoacollege.,5.他的公司为我们的工业发展做出了很大贡献。Hiscompanymadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofourindustry.6.总之，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。Inconclusion,Idliketothankyouforallyouvedoneforme.7.我买这本书的原因是它是关于历史的。ThereasonwhyIboughtthebookwasthatitwasabouthistory.8.我们要相信人生来是平等的。Weshouldbelievethatmanisbornequal.,.语法和词汇知识1.Therearecases_theword“school”isusedasaverb.2011宁波模拟A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which【解析】选C。考查定语从句中的关系词。此处wheretheword“school”isusedasaverb是定语从句修饰前面的先行词cases,where相当于inwhich,表示“在这些情况中”。,【方法技巧】如何选择引导定语从句的关系词定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词（词组）或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等。关系代词与关系副词有双重的作用:一方面起连词的作用,连接从句使之与主句发生关系,另一方面它在句中起一定的句法作用（关系代词可作主语和宾语;关系副词可作状语）。所以,在选择关系词时,首先看先行词,然后再看定语从句中缺少的成分。例如:,Iknowthegirlthat/whoattendedtheparty.此处that/who在从句中作主语,指thegirl。Myhometownisaplacewhere/inwhichkitesaremade.此处where在定语从句中作状语,表示“在这个地方”,也可以换成inwhich。关系副词通常都相当于“介词+关系代词”。,2.Thechairmanwasforcedto_becauseofbeingchargedwithabuseofpower.A.retireB.resignC.reserveD.respond【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。retire退休；resign辞职；reserve预订，保留；respond回答，回应。句意：因为被指控滥用职权，这位主席被迫辞职。,【举一反三】Wehadto_fate,seeingthatwecoulddonothingtohelpourselves.A.resignourselvestoB.buryourselvestoC.applyourselvestoD.devoteourselvesto【解析】选A。句意：由于我们无法自助，只好听天由命了。resignoneselfto.表示“听任摆布，只好”。符合语境要求。,3.Whilelargenumbersofresidentsinthisarea_thisraredisease,veryfewsuffereddeath.2011宝鸡模拟A.pickedupB.tookupC.broughtupD.caughtup【解析】选A。考查动词短语。pickup拾起,收听,（偶然）学得,染上（习惯、病等）;takeup开始从事,占据,拿起;bringup抚养,提出;catchup赶上。句意:虽然这个地区的很多居民患上了这种罕见病,但几乎没有人死亡。根据句意选A。,4.Youarecertaintorealizeyourdream_youmakegreateffortsandlayemphasisonimprovementsinefficiency.A.onconditionthatB.forfearthatC.eventhoughD.incase【解析】选A。考查固定短语。onconditionthat如果,条件是;forfearthat惟恐;eventhough即使,尽管;incase万一。句意:如果你努力且把重点放在提高效率上,你一定会实现梦想。,5.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith_oftheirparentsAthoseB.oneCbothDthat【解析】选D。考查代词。此处that指代前面的approach。that既可指代可数名词单数也可指代不可数名词。若选B，要把B项改为theone,特指他们父母的那种方法。,6.Weoften_theimportanceofhonestywhengettingalongwithothers.A.speakB.talkC.stressD.tell【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。stresstheimportanceof是固定短语,表示“强调的重要性”。句意：在与人相处时我们经常强调诚实的重要性。,7.Floodhitthesmallvillage,leavingit_.A.inbadstateB.inabadpositionC.onnoconditionD.inbadcondition【解析】选D。句意:洪水袭击了这个小村子,使它的状况很不好。inbadcondition=inabadstate表示“状况不好”。inabadposition处于不好的位置或职位;onnocondition决不。,8.Runningacompanycallsforintelligence,patienceandalotofexperience._,itsnotasimplething.A.InconclusionB.OntheotherhandC.FirstofallD.Onthecontrary【解析】选A。考查固定短语。inconclusion总之;ontheotherhand另一方面;firstofall首先;onthecontrary相反。句意:经营一家公司需要智力、耐心与大量的经验。总之,这不是一件简单的事情。,9._Ilearnedtorideabike,Ifelloffitmanytimes.A.ThefirsttimewhenB.ForthefirsttimeC.ItwasthefirsttimeD.Thefirsttime【解析】选D。句意:第一次我学骑自行车时,我从自行车上掉下来很多次。此处thefirsttime引导时间状语从句,相当于whenIlearnedtorideabikeforthefirsttime.。,10.Takingmoreexercisecan_yourhealth.A.contributetoB.appealtoC.applytoD.occurto【解析】选A。考查动词短语。contributeto导致,有助于;appealto呼吁，吸引;applyto应用于;occurto想起。句意:多锻炼有助于你的健康。,11.Allthethingsintheroomwere_,butshequicklyputthem_.A.outoforder;inorderB.outoforder;onorderC.inorder;inorderD.outoforder;outoforder【解析】选A。outoforder发生故障,乱的;put.inorder按顺序排好,使井井有条。句意:房间里所有的东西都很乱,但她很快就使一切井井有条。,12.Sincemanisborn_,weshouldtreatthemancaughtstealing_.A.equally;equallyB.equal;equalC.equal;equallyD.equally;equal【解析】选C。考查形容词与副词。第一个空用形容词,equal作主语man的补足语,表明主语的情况。第二个空填副词来修饰前面的动词treat。,13.Noonehopesthetwocountrieswillbeat_war,because_peaceiswhateveryonewants.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;/D./;/【解析】选D。考查冠词。atwar（在交战）是固定短语,短语中没有冠词。第二个空不填冠词,因为peace（和平）是不可数名词,且在此处也不是特指,所以其前面不需要加冠词。,14.Hetookadvantageofhis_friendstogetintothecivilservice.A.incredibleB.accessibleC.influentialD.essential【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。incredible难以置信的;accessible可以进入的;influential有影响的;essential表示“最重要的”,通常作表语;表示“基本的”,通常作定语。句意:他利用那些有权有势的朋友到政府行政部门任职。,15Heappliedforthe_ofassistantmanagerbutfailed.A.positionB.situationC.conditionD.station【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。position位置,职位;situation情景,形势;condition状态,条件,环境;station车站。句意:他申请经理助理的职位,但失败了。,.阅读理解Therehavebeenmanynaturaldisasterssinceancienttimes.Inordertofightagainstviolenceofnatureandimprovepeopleslife,manyscientistscreatedlotsofinventions.Hereisoneofthem.,ZhangHeng(78AD139AD)wasagreatastronomer,mathematician,artistandliteraryscholarintheEasternHanDynastyofChina.BornintodaysNanyangCounty,Henan,hewasagoodwriteratage12.Attheageof16,helefthometopursuehisstudyinginthecapitalcity.Hespentatleast10yearsofhisyouthinliterarystudiesandwriting.Hepublishedseveralwell-recognizedliterarywritings.Muchtoeveryonesamazement,heswitchedtoastronomyafterage30andatlasthesucceeded.,Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.In132ZhangHenginventedthefirstseismograph(地震仪)formeasuringearthquakes.Hisdevicewasintheshapeofacylinderwitheightdragonheadsaroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogs,eachdirectlyunderadragonhead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragonsmouthintoafrogsmouth,makinganoise.Healsoinventedtheodometer(里程表).,ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.Inoneofhispublicationshealsosubmitted=about3.1466.HemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChineseancientmathematics.【文章大意】本文主要讲了张衡的生平以及他做出的贡献。,1.Whatsthepassageabout?A.ZhangHengafamousastronomer.B.Modernscientistsandtheirinventions.C.ZhangHengandhiscontributions.D.ZhangHengandhishobbies.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。全篇主要介绍张衡和他做出的贡献。A项内容尽管正确,但较片面;B项内容与文章第一段内容不符。,2.Whenaballfelloutofthedragonsmouthintoafrogsmouth,theseismographZhangHenginventedwouldshow_.A.howmanymilesawaytherewasanearthquakeB.abigfireoccurredsomewhereC.earthquakeswouldhappenallaroundthecountryD.theremightbeanearthquakeinthisdirection【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragonsmouthintoafrogsmouth,makinganoise.”以及常识可知D项为正确答案。,3.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ZhangHengdidwellinliterarystudiesandwriting.B.ZhangHenginventedthecalendar.C.ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.D.ZhangHengalsoputforward=about3.1466.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据“Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.”可知B项与文章内容不符。A、C、D三项都正确。,4Theunderlinedword“submitted”inthelastparagraphmeans_.A.wonB.rescuedC.repairedD.proposed【解析】选D。词义猜测题。结合单词所在句子的语境可推测submitted应为“提出，主张”的意思。,.任务阅读2011宝鸡模拟根据短文内容，从下框的AF选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。A.Whatisdementia?BAnewopiniononthecauseofdisabilityCAstudyondisabilityproblemsofchildrenDWhatshouldtheWorldHealthOrganizationdotosolvetheproblem?EAstudyondisabilityproblemsoftheelderlyFMoreattentionshouldbepaidtooldpeoplesbrainandminddiseases,1TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthatblindnessandothervisualproblemsaretheleadingcausesofdisabilityofolderpeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesHowever,someresearchersdisagreewithWHOonthispointTheymadeastudyandfoundthattheleadingcauseisdementia（痴呆）,2Dementiaisalossofintellectualabilitythataffectsmemorizing,learningandthinkingabilitiesandotherlanguageskillsPeoplewithdementiamayforgetfamilymembersornotknowwhatdayitisSometimestheybecomeangryorsad,andtheycanoftenhearvoices,orseethingsthatareactuallynotthere,3RenataSousafromtheInstituteofPsychiatryatKingsCollegeLondonandotherresearchersmadeanewstudyThestudydealtwiththecausesofdisabilityamongfifteenthousandpeopleagedoversixty-fiveinsevencountries,whichincludeChina,India,Cuba,theDominicanRepublic,Venezuela,MexicoandPeruTheteamfoundthatdementiawastheleadingcauseofdisabilityoftheelderlyinareasexceptruralIndiaandVenezuel
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