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技法6| 利用语法和句法结构解题完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。例1(2015全国卷)When we handed him the bag of 52 ，he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 54 his family might need，he burst into tears.52.A.toysBmedicineCfoodDclothes53A.sleepyBwateryCcuriousDsharp54A.whoeverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever解析：53题考查词义辨析，四个词都可以修饰eyes，但通过thanked我们可推知应是感动得眼睛湿润(watery)了，故选B。54题考查句法结构，介词for后面为宾语从句，引导词引导宾语从句且在从句中作need的宾语，应用代词whatever，故选B。例2(2015天津高考)We finally did and it was 20 at first sight.It was Our Home，small and charming，overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth and 21 of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us.But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at the house and dreaming of 22 it would be like to live there.20.A.reliefBconcernCloveDcuriosity21A.prideBhappinessCchallengeDdesire22A.whichBwhyCthatDwhat解析：21题考查词义辨析，由空前的warmth and可知此空应该填与warmth并列的词且都是表积极态度的词，选项中只有happiness符合，故选B。22题考查句法结构，此空格引导介词of的宾语从句，且从句中缺少介词like的宾语，应选what，故选D。技法感悟| 一题妙用六法(2016全国甲卷)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And theyve never actually 1 you.Everything they know about you 2 through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 3 they feel they can know you 4 from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the 5 is.Powerful，yes，but not always 6 For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met 7 ，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.But her cold voice really 8 me.I sometimes wished to 9 another agent.One morning，I had to 10 an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Ranis office 11 The woman sitting at the desk， 12 my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 13 smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 14 immediately.“What a wonderful lady！”I thought.Rushing out 15 I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？”“Im Rani，”she said.I turned around and saw a 16 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 17 ！ Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 18 Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out.Ranis 19 her warm smile，her nods，herIm here for you 20 were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.1.A.acceptedBnoticedCheardDmet2A.cameBmovedCranDdeveloped3A.ThusBYetCThenDIndeed4A.ratherBalsoCjustDalready5A.telephoneBvoiceCconnectionDimpression6A.directBusefulCeasyDaccurate7A.in personBby myselfCin publicDon purpose8A.annoyedBinterestedCdiscouragedDconfused9A.promoteBtrainCfindDknow10A.arrangeBpostponeCconfirmDbook11A.for the first timeBat any timeCfrom time to timeDin good time12A.expectingBseeingCtestingDavoiding13A.shyBcomfortingCfamiliarDforced14A.billBformCticketDlist15A.hopefullyBdisappointedlyCgratefullyDregretfully16A.carefulBseriousCnervousDpleasant17A.amusedBworriedChelplessDspeechless18A.calmBniceCproudDclever19A.forgivenessBeagernessCfriendlinessDskillfulness20A.explanationBattitudeCconceptDbehavior1.D词汇复现。据第二段“Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met”可知，“他们从来没有见过(meet)你”。2A情景排除。他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时是来自数百英里之外。come from“来自”，符合语境。3B语义逻辑关系。前文说他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，后文说他们觉得能够通过你的声音了解你，前后为转折关系。4C情景排除。“但是他们觉得仅仅(just)需要听到你的声音就能了解你。”5A上下文暗示。文章开头说到“that little device”，下文提到“only by phone”和“travel through wires”，故选telephone。6D情景排除。由上下文情景可知“电话功能虽强大，但不总是准确(accurate)”。7A词语习惯搭配、上下文暗示。in person“亲自”；never met in person与上文的faceless相呼应。8A情景排除。虽然该旅行代理人总能给作者最低价格，但她冷冰冰的声音让他不开心(annoyed)。9C情景排除。作者对瑞妮冷冰冰的语气很是气恼，有时希望另外找(find)个代理人。10D上下文暗示、词语习惯搭配。由后面的a family emergency可知，作者家中有急事，需马上坐飞机回家，book a flight“预订机票”。11A语法、句法结构。作者之前与瑞妮从来没有见过面，因此选for the first time“第一次”。12B情景排除。作者已经进入瑞妮的办公室，所以坐在桌旁的瑞妮看到(see)了他着急的样子。13B上下文暗示。由上文sympathetically和后文her warm smile可知她给了我一个宽慰的(comforting)微笑。14C上下文暗示。由上文的an immediate flight home可知是给作者打印飞机票(ticket)。15C情景排除。作者遇到这么热心的旅行代理人，当然是心存感激(gratefully)。16D上下文暗示。此处与下文的a big smile, waving to wish me a safe trip相呼应，故选pleasant“令人愉悦的”。17D情景排除。作者最初对瑞妮产生误解，现看到她这么热心，竟一时不知道该说什么(speechless)了。18B情景排除。“我之前怎么会认为她冷冰冰呢？哦，瑞妮是这么友好(nice)。”19C语义逻辑关系。破折号后的内容是对该空格的解释，故friendliness(友好)最符合语境。20B情景排除。上文“我在这里为你服务”应属于工作态度(attitude)。A(2016东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)White clouds filled the sky.The suns rays 1 through them，spreading cheer and 2 After the meal，Olivia lay back on the blanket， 3 the amazing sky and Dad was 4 the picnic food.“Dad，that 5 over there looks like a rhinoceros (犀牛)! Theres a horn (角)，two ears and a long tail，” Olivia said.“Is there? I cant see it，” Dad sighed and 6 his head.“Oh，look，Dad.That cloud looks like a penguin，” Olivia turned to her father.“Do you see any 7 in the clouds，Dad？”“I see a turkey，” he rubbed his cheeks and 8 her closer with his warm hands.“Dad, I see a fighting lion，a running giraffe and a 9 parrot.”“Im sorry to stop our fun， 10 it looks like rain，”said Dad， 11 the picnic basket.“ Clouds dont get big 12 theyre going to drop rain on us.”A raindrop 13 on Olivias forehead.“Youre right，Dad.Ill 14 the blanket.” The two rushed for the 15 On their way home Olivia 16 out of the window.“Is the sky always that 17 before a storm，Dad？”“Beauty is in the eye of the 18 ，my little angel.”Its 19 that there are some people who would never have seen a rhinoceros or a turkey in clouds. 20 the eyes of the child，the world is fresh and appealing each day.本文是一篇记叙文。暴风雨来临前，天空中聚集着很多云。在孩子的眼里，那变幻的云像犀牛、像狮子，孩子看到的只有美。1A.burstBfloatedCflowedDreflectedA根据“White clouds filled the sky.”可知，此处表示阳光穿过云层。burst through“冲破”，符合语境，因此选A。2A.flameBcoldCwarmthDgasC此处指阳光穿过云层，传播着快乐和温暖，应选C。3A.greetingBtouchingCadmiringDdrawingC根据“Olivia lay back on the blanket”及“the amazing sky”可知，Olivia躺在毛毯上，欣赏(admiring)着令人惊奇的天空。4A.cookingBwrappingCfinishingDpreparingB根据上文的“After the meal”可知，父亲在饭后打包野餐的食物。wrap“用包裹”，应选B。5A.rayBsunCskyDcloudD结合下文的“That cloud looks like a penguin”可知，Olivia看到的云看起来像犀牛，应选D。6A.noddedBshookCmindedDusedB根据空前的“Is there？I cant see it，Dad sighed”可知，父亲摇头说没有看到。因此选B。7A.rhinocerosesBanimalsCfiguresDcharactersB根据下文父亲的回答“I see a turkey”可知，Olivia问父亲在云里是否看到了任何动物，因此选B。8A.pulledBpushedCcarriedDtookA根据空后的“her closer with his warm hands”可知，父亲用温暖的手把女儿拉近。pull“拉”；push“推”；carry“携带”；take“拿”。因此选A。9A.crawlingBplayingCflyingDhuntingC此处指看到了飞行的鹦鹉。crawl“爬行”；play“玩”；fly“飞”；hunt“狩猎”。因此选C。10A.soBbutCandDorB根据空前的“Im sorry to stop our fun”以及下文内容可知，此处表转折，应选B。11A.turning overBlooking afterCbringing inDreaching forD此处指父亲伸手去够野餐篮。turn over“翻倒”；look after“照顾”；bring in“引入”；reach for“伸手去够”。因此选D。12A.ifBwhileCasDunlessD此处表示如果不是要下雨，云不会聚集，所以选D。unless“如果不，除非”。13A.driedBfellCstoppedDstayedB此处指雨滴落在Olivia的前额上，因此选B。14A.throwBexpandCgetDcoverCOlivia看到下雨了，于是帮助父亲收起毛毯。throw“扔”；expand“扩大”；get“获得，得到”；cover“覆盖”。因此选C。15A.carBhouseCtreeDblanketA根据“On their way home Olivia 16 out of the window”可知，此处指他们冲向车，因此选A。16A.reachedBbrokeCstaredDwalkedCOlivia在回家的路上盯(stared)着窗外看。因此选C。17A.beautifulBclearCbrightDblueA根据下文的“Beauty is in the eye of the 18 ”可知，Olivia问父亲“暴风雨来临前天空总是那么美吗？”，因此选A。18A.keeperBhelperCthinkerDbeholderD“Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”为固定用法，意为“情人眼里出西施”。19A.pitifulBstrangeCnaturalDpossibleA遗憾的是有些人永远看不到云里的犀牛或火鸡。因此选A。20A.BeyondBByCOverDThroughD通过孩子的眼睛观察世界，世界每天都是新奇的、有魅力的。through“通过”，因此选D。B(2016山西省八校第一次联考)One rainy afternoon I was sitting at home feeling so bored. 21 feeling sorry for myself，I wanted to meet people and have new 22 so I decided to start volunteering.I found a website where I could volunteer on a farm in France.Volunteering 23 so many opportunities to have fun and share 24 stories.It was the first time for me to work on a farm.It was almost a (n) 25 holiday as food and accommodation were provided.It was not one 26 holiday，however，as I had to 27 fifteen horses and sheep! I soon discovered that I was a(n) 28 farmer but it did not matter because I made some great friends and also improved my 29 However，you do not 30 go abroad to volunteer.I have had plenty of adventures at home as volunteering can become a 31 For example，I love 32 so I had a good laugh waving my arms in order to 33 my local choir(合唱团)At university，I organized a concert for charity with my friends.It was really 34 to find bands and raise money for a cause.It is true that you feel good volunteering but there are also other 35 I once volunteered as a steward(干事) at a charity sports event where the organizers 36 gave me cupcakes from an expensive London bakery to thank me for my 37 I also volunteered in a charity shop so I found loads of nice cheap clothes to 38 my wardrobe.While this is all fun，my favourite aspect of volunteering is 39 and sharing stories.My terrible 40 at farming has given me funny stories to tell!本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者从事志愿工作的经历以及志愿工作的优点。21A.Apart fromBDue toCInstead ofDBut forC下文提到作者决定做志愿工作，故这里应是“我想见别人并有新的经历，而不是自怨自艾”。instead of “而不是，取代”，符合语境。22A.experiencesBdiscoveriesCopportunitiesDchangesA参见上题解析。experience意为“经历”，符合语境。23A.recommendsBdemandsCoffersDseizesC此处指“志愿工作提供很多能让人玩得愉快并分享精彩的故事的机会”。offer“提供”，符合语境。24A.popularBfantasticCfamiliarDimportantB参见上题解析。fantastic意为“美妙的，精彩的”，符合语境。25A.impressiveBfreeCcheapDspecialB根据下文的“as food and accommodation were provided”可知，农场提供食物和住宿，故此处表示它几乎是一个免费的(free)假期。26A.uniqueBregularCtypicalDconvenientC根据上文的“work on a farm”及下文的“as I had to 27 fifteen horses and sheep”可知，这不是一个典型的(typical)假期，因为作者在农场工作，而且必须照顾十五匹马和羊。27A.attend toBresearch intoChunt forDcommunicate withA参见上题解析。attend to sb./sth.意为“照顾某人/某物”。28A.skillfulBsuitableChardworkingDawfulD根据下文的“but”及最后一段中的“My terrible 40 at farming”可知，此处指“不久我就发现我是一个糟糕的(awful)农民”。29A.EnglishBFrenchCRussianDChineseB根据第一段中的“on a farm in France”可知，作者在法国的农场从事志愿工作，所以应是提高法语。30A.normallyBbasicallyCnaturallyDnecessarilyD根据下文的“I have had plenty of adventures at home.”可知，作者在国内有许多冒险经历，故可推知“你不一定要去国外从事志愿工作”。necessarily意为“必要地”，not necessarily“不一定”。31A.hobbyBtrendCjobDrealityA下文提到的志愿工作显然是作者的爱好，关键词“love”就是暗示，故用hobby。32A.dancingBwritingCsingingDperformingC根据下文的“my local choir(合唱团)”和“I organized a concert for charity.”可知，作者喜欢唱歌(singing)。33A.greetBcontrolCorganizeDconductD根据上文的“I had a good laugh waving my arms.”及后面的“my local choir(合唱团)”可推知，此处指挥动胳膊来指挥(conduct)当地的合唱团。34A.powerfulBhopefulCmeaningfulDsuccessfulC找乐队并为慈善事业筹钱真的很有意义。meaningful意为“有意义的”，符合语境。35A.adventuresBadvantagesCfactorsDachievementsB根据下文的“gave me cupcakes.”“so I found loads of nice cheap clothes”可知，这里说的是“你确实能感受到志愿工作的好处，但是它还有其他的优点(advantages)”。36A.generouslyBcautiouslyCequallyDproudlyA根据下文的“.cupcakes from an expensive London bakery to thank me.”可知组织者很大方地给作者很贵的杯形蛋糕。generously意为“慷慨地，大方地”，符合语境。37A.servicesBpatienceCdeterminationDchoicesA根据上文的“I once volunteered as a steward(干事)at a charity sports event.”可知，组织者给作者杯形蛋糕是为了感谢作者的服务(services)，故选A项。38A.decorateBreplaceCbeautifyDupdateD根据上下文可知，作者在慈善商店找到许多漂亮、便宜的衣服来更新自己的衣橱。故选D项。39A.creatingBimaginingCchoosingDcompletingA此处指“但对于志愿工作，我最喜欢的方面是创造(creating)并分享故事”。40A.offenceBshameCattemptDannoyanceC结合语境和文章的情感基调可知，这里应是说作者在农场的努力和尝试让作者有了可以分享的有趣的故事。attempt意为“努力，尝试”，符合语境。C(2016全国丙卷)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41 Miller King，who was the best 42 at our school.Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 43 Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 44 He looked very 45 ，but he didnt cry.That season，I 46 all of Millers records while he 47 the home games from the bench.We went 101 and I was named most valuable player， 48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49 One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50 going over a fencewhich wasnt 51 to climb if you had both arms.Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 52 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 53 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 54 on the other side, he said to me，“You know, I didnt tell you this during the season，but you did 55 Thank you for filling in for 56 ”His words freed me from my bad 57 I thought to myself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated, he was 58 ahead of me.I was right to have 59 him.From that day on, I grew 60 and a little more real.本文是夹叙夹议类文章。在学校“我”喜欢踢足球，并且很崇拜Miller King，但是他因为车祸失去了右臂而不能参加比赛了。“我”代替了他，并且取得了骄人的成绩。“我”心里感觉对不起他，但是他的话让“我”深受感动。41A.cheering forBbeating outCrelying onDstaying withB上下文语境题。联系空前的to become the star on our football team和空后的who was the best.可知，“我”要成为足球队的明星，就意味着要击败(beat out)最好的球员Miller King。cheer for为欢呼；rely on依靠；stay with与待在一起。42A.coachBstudentCteacherDplayerD上文语境题。联系前文“我要在足球上打败Miller King”可知，他是学校最好的球员(player)。coach教练；student学生；teacher老师。43A.practiceBshowCcomfortDpleasureA上文语境题。联系前文all summer long I worked out可知，整个夏天自己都带着足球，在外练习(practice)。show表演；comfort安慰；pleasure乐趣。44A.schoolBvacationChospitalDtrainingC上文语境题。联系前文Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.可知，他出车祸，住院了，然后从医院(hospital)回来。school学校；vacation假期；training训练。45A.paleBcalmCrelaxedDashamedA上文语境题。联系前文“他刚从医院回来”可知他脸色苍白(pale)。calm平静的；relaxed放松的；ashamed羞愧的。46A.heldBbrokeCsetDtriedB下文语境题。联系下文We went 101 and I was named most valuable player.可知，“我”打破(break)了Miller所有的纪录。hold保持；set创造；try尝试。47A.reportedBjudgedCorganizedDwatchedD下文语境题。联系空后的the home games from the bench可知，他坐在凳子上看(watch)比赛。report报道；judge裁判，评判；organize组织。48A.andBthenCbutDthusC上下文语境题。前后两部分在语意上是转折关系，因此用but。49A.decisionBmistakeCaccidentDsacrificeC上文语境题。联系空前的Millers以及前文讲述的Miller因为车祸致残不能参加比赛的情况可知，作者总是责备自己，因为Miller遭遇车祸(accident)了自己才有机会。decision决定；mistake错误；sacrifice牺牲。50A.stuckBhurtCtiredDlostA下文语境题。联系后文which wasnt 51 (hard)to climb if you had both arms可知，因为现在失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住(stuck)了。hurt受伤的；tired疲倦的；lost丢失的。51A.steadyBhardCfunDfitB下文语境题。联系空后的if you had both arms可知，现在他卡住了，如果有两只胳膊，过篱笆对于他来说，不是难(hard)事。steady稳定的；fun有趣的；fit合适的，健康的。52A.praiseBadviceCassistanceDapologyC下文语境题。联系下文I 53 (helped)him move slowly over the fence.可知，“我”帮助了他，但是“我”认为他是不想接受“我”的帮助(assistance)。praise表扬；advice建议；apology道歉。53A.letBhelpedChadDnoticedB上下文语境题。联系前文可知，他卡在那里，再联系空后him move slowly over the fence可知，“我”帮助(help)他从篱笆上下来。let让；have有；notice注意。54A.droppedBreadyCtrappedDsafeD上文语境题。由前文的move slowly over the fence和空后的on the other side可知，最后我们安全(safe)了。drop落下；ready准备好的；trap卡住。55A.fineBwrongCquicklyDnormallyA上文语境题。联系前文We went 101 and I was named most valuable player可知，他说“我”做得很好(fine)。wrong错误地；quickly迅速地；normally平常地。56A.usByourselfCmeDthemC上文语境题。联系空前的filling in可知，因为Miller受伤，作者代替了他，此处是Miller说的话，所以用me。57A.memoriesBideasCattitudesDdreamsD上文语境题。联系前文I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame可知，他的话让“我”从这些不好的梦(dream)中摆脱出来。memory记忆；idea主意；attitude态度。58A.stillBalsoCyetDjustA上文语境题。联系空前的Damaged but not defeated可知，Miller尽管受伤，但是没有被打败，他仍(still)在“我”的前面。59A.challengedBcuredCinvitedDadmiredD上文语境题。联系前文Miller King，who was the best 42 (player)at our school可知，“我”崇拜(admire)他。challenge挑战；cure治愈；invite邀请。60A.healthierBbiggerCclevererDcoolerB下文语境题。联系空后的and a little more real可知，自己渐渐长大(bigger)。healthy健康的；clever聪明的；cool酷的。D(2016石家庄市教学质量检测)If life were a book and you were the author，how would you like the story to go? That is the question that 61 my life forever.One day I went home from the training of snowboarding with what I thought was the flu，and less than 24 hours later，I was in a 62 on life support with less than two percent 63 of living.It wasnt until days later that the doctors diagnosed me with a 64 blood infection.Over the 65 of 2.5 months，I lost the hearing in my left ear and both my legs below the knee.When my parents 66 me out of the hospital，I 67 that I had been put together like a patchwork (拼缝物) doll and I had to live with 68 legs.I was absolutely physically and emotionally broken， 69 streaming down.But I knew in order to move forward，I had to let go of the Old Amy and 70 the New Amy.It was at this moment that I asked myself that significant 71 And that is when it 72 me that I didnt have to be fivefootfive anymore， 73 I could be as tall as I wanted.And 74 of all，I can make my feet the size of all the shoes.So there were 75 here.Four months later，I was back upon a 76 And this February，I won two Board World Cup gold medals， 77 me the highest ranked snowboarder in the world.So，instead of looking at our 78 and our limitations as something 79 or bad，we can begin looking at them as a wonderful 80 that can be used to help us go further than we ever know we could go.本文作者用自己的故事讲述了一个人生哲理人生不设限，即使身体残缺也能绽放迷人的光芒。61A.savedBriskedCruinedDchangedD通读全文可知，因为勇于面对生活，作者才从失去听力和双腿的困境中走出来，故选changed。62A.hospitalBclubCfieldDstadiumA下文的“the doctors diagnosed me with”表明作者住进了医院。63A.thoughtBdegreeCchanceDdecisionC依据本句中的“less than two percent”和“of living”可推测出作者的病情严重，生还的可能性小于2%。64A.mildBsevereCpotentialDslightB生还的可能性小于2%暗示着作者的病情严重，severe表示“严重的”。65A.journeyBbreakCcourseDscheduleC依据下文的“When my parents 66 me out of the hospital”可知，在住院期间作者的左耳失去听力，course表示“过程，时期”。66A.wheeledBdraggedCpulledDdeliveredA上文的“I lost.my legs below the knee”暗示着出院时，作者的父母要用轮椅推着她。67A.made sureBfelt likeCworked outDput forwardB“that I had been put together like a patchwork(拼缝物)doll”是作者形象的比喻，feel like表示“感觉好像”。68A.muscledBheavyCshapelyDfalseD由上文的“I lost.both my legs below the knee”可知，作者今后的生活要用假肢，false表示“假的，人造的”。69A.bloodBsweatCtearsDwaterC一场大病使作者成为残疾人，她感到绝望，故泪流满面。70A.hugBrecognizeCfixDintroduceA与本句中的“I had to let go of the Old Amy”形成对比，此处指抛弃曾经的Amy，拥抱新的Amy。71A.planBquestionCinformationDfavorB文章第一段中的“That is the question that 61 my life forever”是提示。72A.dawned onBknocked intoCdepended onDlooked intoA作者开始明白自己再也不是那个5.5英尺高的人了。It dawns on sb.that.表示“某人开始明白”。73A.althoughBsoCwhileDbutD分析上下文可知，空处表转折，选but。while表转折时，意为“然而”，是两个事物的对比，故排除while。74A.firstBstrangestCbestDluckiestC更好的一点是作者可以随意选择鞋子的尺码。best of all表示“更好的是”。75A.strugglesBbenefitsCrewardsDconflictsB由上文可知，作者用乐观的心态讲述失去双脚的好处，故选benefits。76A.stageBsnowboardCtrackDplaygroundB第二段开头提到的“the training of snowboarding”与下文的“the highest ranked snowboarder”表明，作者又回到了滑雪训练场上。77A.allowingBgivingCcallingDmakingD依据“I won two Board World Cup gold medals”可知，两次赢得金牌使作者成为世界排名最前的滑雪
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