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重点2| 从句引导词.定语从句的关系词(关系代词和关系副词)自查自纠解题分析语法讲解1.I like the second football match that was held last week.引导词在定语从句中作主语，指事物用that/which，但当先行词有序数词修饰时只用that不用which，故用that。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。他们在句中可作主语、宾语或定语。2.I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.根据逗号可知为非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语且指物，应用which。(1)that指人或物，可作主语、宾语；which指物，可作主语、宾语；非限制性定语从句中和介词后用which不用that；3.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.引导词在定语从句中作主语且指人，应用who。根据those可知不能用that。4.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.引导词在定语从句中作定语且指人，应用whose。(2)who/whom指人，who作主语，whom作宾语；(3)whose指人或物，作定语；(4)as常指整个句子，可位于句首，常表示“正如”。5.As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.as引导定语从句可位于句首。6This is the place where they used to take a walk. 【导学号：90892021】引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用where。引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，why，他们都在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。7Do you know the reason why he was absent yesterday？引导词在定语从句中作原因状语，用why。8I still remember the days when we stayed in England.引导词在定语从句中作时间状语，用when。先行词表示时间、地点或原因时，引导词不一定用when，where，why，要依它在从句中作什么成分而定。9Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？引导词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，用that/which。10Do you know the man with whom Mr. Black talked just now？引导词在介词后，指人用whom。介词后面的引导词指人时用whom，指物时用which。.引导名词性从句的连词(连接词、连接代词和连接副词)自查自纠解题分析语法讲解1.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.It作形式主语，引导词在主语从句中没有任何含义，应用that。引导名词性从句的连接词包括that，whether/if，它们在从句中不作任何成分，that无任何含义，whether/if意为“是否”，if只能引导宾语从句。2.We must face the fact that the war has killed many people.引导词在同位语从句中没有任何含义，应用that。3.We still have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.引导词在同位语从句中不作成分，表示“是否”，应用whether。4.Who will be invited to the ceremony hasnt been decided.引导词在主语从句中作主语且指人，应用who。引导名词性从句的连接代词包括who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever，它们既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。需注意what表示“什么”，而which表示“哪一个”。5.I think what impresses me about his painting is the color he uses.引导词在主语从句中作主语且指物，应用what。6.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.引导词在主语从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”，应用whoever。7The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.引导词在表语从句中作时间状语，应用when。引导名词性从句的连接副词包括when，where，why，how，它们既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中作时间、地点、原因或方式状语。8Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，”Thats where I was born.”引导词在表语从句中作地点状语，应用where。9The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution.引导词在宾语从句中作原因状语，应用why。10She has known how she should settle the matter. 【导学号：90892022】引导词在宾语从句中作方式状语，应用how。.引导状语从句的连词自查自纠解题分析语法讲解1.On our last hike, we were told to take a rest when we felt tired.表示“当时候”用when。引导时间状语从句的连词常见的有：when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，once，the moment等。2.John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.It wont be long before .为固定句型，before引导时间状语从句。3.I wont see him till/until his anger has cooled down.考查not .until/till句型，until/till引导时间状语从句。4If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay where you are and wait for help.所填之词引导地点状语从句，用where地点状语从句通常由where引导5If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。引导条件状语从句的连词常见的主要是if和unless。6She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”。7Mark needs to learn Chinese because his company is opening a branch in Beijing.此处强调原因，应用because。原因状语从句中because强调原因；as，since，now that指双方都知道的原因。8Although/Though/While I understand your opinion, I dont agree with you.引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用although/though/while。引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，while，even if/though；as/though用于倒装的让步状语从句。9He told us such an interesting story that we all laughed.考查such.that.结构。结果状语从句主要是so/such .that .。10The students should do the experiments as they were told.as引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，像一样”。引导方式状语从句的连词主要是as。语篇填空用适当的从句引导词填空。It was late one morning.I dont remember what it was about, but my husband and I had a heated argument.I threw a few things in a small suitcase and left home, not knowing where to go.After driving in circles for several minutes, I stopped at a shop to buy something.At that time, my daughter called me and told me her dad was worried about me.But because my anger hadnt left me, I hung up the phone immediately.When I went to my car quickly after finishing my purchase, I found a piece of white paper stuck under my windshield wiper(雨刮器)A truck pulled up beside me before I could see the words on the paper clearly.Hanging out of the window was my husband, beside whom was my lovely daughter.Thats why I started laughing.Moved by them, I laughed so hard that I cried.Although/Though I had made great efforts to run away from home, the man who loved me managed to find me. 【导学号：90892023】A(2016河南适应性模拟)A young lady confidently walked around the room with a raised glass of water，and everyone knew she was going to ask the question，“Half empty or half full？”She 1 (fool) them all.“How heavy is this glass of water？”she inquired with a smile. 2 (answer) came out from 8 oz.to 20 oz.She replied.“The absolute weight doesnt matter. 3 depends on how long I hold it.If I hold it for a minute，thats not a problem.If I hold it for an hour，I 4 (have) an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，youll have to call an ambulance.In each case its the same weight，but the longer I hold it，the 5 (heavy) it becomes.”She continued，“And thats the way it is with stress.If we carry our burdens all the time，sooner or later，as the burden becomes 6 (increasing) heavy，we wont be able to carry on.”“As with the glass of water，you have to put it down for a while and rest before 7 (hold) it again.When were refreshed，we can carry on 8 the burdenholding stress longer and better each time practiced.”So，as early in the evening 9 you can，put all your burdens down.Dont carry them through the evening and into night. 10 (pick) them up tomorrow.本文是一篇简短的哲理故事。故事中主人公用一杯水比喻人的压力：压力就像水杯里的水一样，我们举杯子的时间越长，就越会感觉到水变得更重。压力也是如此，我们越放不下，就越会感觉到压力，所以我们要学会“放下”。1fooled考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，本文叙述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。2Answers考查名词的数。根据“from 8 oz.to 20 oz.”可知，多个人回答了问题，所以用名词的复数形式。3It考查语境填词It depends on.是固定句型，意为“这取决于”。故填it。4will have考查动词的时态。这是If引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。5heavier考查形容词的比较级。“the比较级.，the比较级.”，意为“越(就)越”。此处指举得时间越长，它就变得越重。故用heavy的比较级heavier。6increasingly考查派生词。此处应用副词修饰形容词heavy。故填increasingly。7holding考查非谓语动词。因为空格前的“before”为介词，所以用动名词形式。8with考查介词。carry on with sth.为固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”。9as考查语境填词。空格处与前面的as构成固定搭配“as.as you can”，意为“尽可能”。10Pick考查动词的语气。本句为祈使句，因此应用动词原形。 【导学号：90892024】B(2016哈尔滨市第三中学高考模拟考试)I was driving home late at night 11 my car lost momentum(冲力) and got slower and slower.Nothing I did seemed to make any 12 (different)“It cant be the fuel，” I thought.The petrol gauge(汽油量表) was showing I had plenty 13 (leave)Then my car died completely after I 14 (manage) to roll to the side of the road.It was an extremely dark, lonely country road.Neither a single person 15 any traffic was in sight at all.I felt like an idiot.I should not have left without charging my cellphone.The battery was dead and I was alone without any way 16 (contact) my family.Time dripped slowly like a leaking tap.“God, help me！” I begged anxiously.“Is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？” 17 , there was no sign of anyone.I was starting to panic, 18 (feel) completely abandoned.Suddenly I saw a faint light 19 the distance.I waved my white scarf as hard as possible.It was a huge lorry.The driver stopped and kindly drove me to the nearest hotel， 20 I had a rest, and then I called my family and explained what had happened.How lucky I was! When he stopped for me, I felt as if I had just found a million dollars.这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了“我”深夜驾车所经历的困境，最后终于见到了曙光。11. when考查并列连词。be doing .when .为固定句型，意为“正在做某事，这时”。12. difference考查派生词。make a difference为固定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”。13. left考查非谓语动词。句意：汽油量表显示剩下了足够的汽油。leave与plenty为动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。14. managed/had managed考查时态。由after可判定manage发生在died之前，故用过去完成时，或用一般过去时与died并列。15. nor考查语境填词。neither .nor.表示“既不也不”。16. to contact考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：电池没电了，我孤零零地没法联系我的家人。在way的后面应用不定式作定语。17. However考查语境填词。前后两句为转折关系，根据逗号可知应填however，注意首字母要大写。18. feeling考查非谓语动词作状语。此处应用现在分词feeling作伴随状语。19. in考查介词。in the distance意为“在远处”。20. where考查从句的引导词。空格内的词引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。C(2016成都外国语学校高三高考冲刺卷)I was living a life in my screen and hardly noticed what 21 (be) around me.I was always checking the time and thinking of future 22 (plan)My thought was: “Whos going to text me now? What will I do next？” My bedtime routine was usually centered 23 one thing: my phone. 24 I went to sleep, I browsed through news websites and checked my emails.When I woke up in the middle of the night, I did the same thing.The problem with this was that I felt anxious every night.So when my friends invited me 25 (go) for a long weekend camping without the cell service, I thought this was 26 (exact)what I needed.Heres how 27 (keep) away from my phone for 48 hours changed me and my way of life.Without my phone, I 28 (fall) asleep listening to the songs of frogs and crickets.In the morning, I woke up energetically.Sitting by the river, riding a bike, or singing the old songs, I 29 (true) enjoyed what I was doing.I felt free without my phone at weekend camp， 30 changed me completely.I listened to what my body wanted instead of what my phone was telling me to do.这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍我曾经对手机很依赖，但一次不带手机的经历使我体验到很多好处。21. was考查时态。前面的动词noticed为一般过去时，根据时态的一致性可知此处应用一般过去时。22. plans考查名词的数。plan为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。23. on考查介词。短语be centered on意为“集中到”。24. Before考查从句引导词。句意：在睡觉前我浏览新闻网站并查看邮件。此处应用before引导时间状语从句。25. to go考查非谓语动词。invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。26. exactly考查派生词。此处空格内的词修饰谓语部分，应用副词形式。27. keeping考查非谓语动词。 67 (keep) away from my phone for 48 hours 为主语部分，应用动名词keeping。28. fell考查时态。本句前后句子的谓语动词都是过去时，根据时态的一致性可知，此处应用一般过去时。29. truly考查派生词。修饰动词enjoyed应用副词truly。30. which考查从句的引导词。空格内的词引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为前面的整个句子，故用which。D(2016河北省衡水中学二模)Last weekend our school held a sports meeting. 31 (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.We first attended the opening parade, for 32 our class had made a lot of 33 (prepare) 34 our excitement, our parade performance was a great success.After the parade, the game started.My classmates attended 35 (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump.Due to the hard training they 36 (do) before, their performances were very 37 (impress)On the stand, my classmates applauded and cheered the athletes, some 38 (raise) their cameras to capture the exciting moments.Finally, the result 39 (announce)It was 40 (amaze) that our class won the second place.Our efforts paid off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together.I believe all of us will remember this unforgettable experience as time goes by.这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了我们参加运动会的一次难忘经历。31. Realizing考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词作状语，表示原因。32. which考查从句引导词。句意：我们首先参加了开幕式，为此我们做了很多准备。此处为非限制性定语从句，介词后指物应用which。33. preparations考查派生词词。a lot of之后应跟名词的复数形式preparations。34. To考查介词。句意：使我们兴奋的是，我们的开幕式取得了很大的成功。to ones excitement意为“令某人兴奋的是”。35. various考查派生词。空格内的词修饰名词events，表示“各种各样的比赛”，应用various。36. had done考查时态。根据before可知发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时had done。37. impressive考查派生词。在系动词之后表示“印象深刻的”，应用形容词impressive。38. raising考查独立主格结构。句意：在看台，同学们都为选手鼓掌、加油，一些人拿出照相机拍照。some与raise为主动关系，应用现在分词raising。39. was announced考查语态。句意：最后，结果被宣布了。此处应用一般过去时的被动语态was announced。40. amazing考查派生词。在系动词之后作表语表示“令人惊讶的”，应用amazing。E(2016陕西师大附中模拟)People 41 (live) in different countries have made different kinds of 42 (word)Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large dictionary, for example， 43 (contain) four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.To read short stories, you need to know only about two thousand words.Before you leave school, you will learn only one thousand 44 so.The words you know 45 (call) your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary 46 (big)Read as many books as we can.There are a lot of books 47 (write) in easy English.You will enjoy them.When you meet 48 new word, look it 49 in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your 50 (much) useful book. 【导学号：90892025】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了词典及其应用。41. living考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句who live .。42. words考查名词的数。此处指不同种类的单词，应用复数words。43. contains考查时态。句意：一本大词典包含四五十万单词。表达的是一种事实，应用一般现在时。44. or考查并列连词。or so意为“大约”。45. are called考查语态。句意：你所知道的单词被称作你的词汇量。此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。46. bigger考查比较等级。句意：你应该使你的词汇量更大。此处应用比较级bigger。47written考查非谓语动词。表示“被写的”，应用过去分词作定语。48a考查冠词。句意：当你遇到一个生词，要查词典。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词。49. up考查副词。look up意为“查找”。50. most考查比较等级。表示“最有用的”，应用最高级。F(2016银川一中模拟)You are never too old to try to make your dreams come true.This could be Mary Moes mottothe 51 (express) that best represents her spirit.Mary Moe 52 (do) a lot during the past 91 years.For much of that time, she wanted to fly， 53 never had the chanceuntil now.Mary Moe may look like 54 average grandmother.But she is not.She just learned how to fly an airplane, a dream she has had 55 she was a little girl. Growing up, she 56 (inspire) by two American pilots: Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart.They became her inspiration.Lindbergh made the solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.Five years later, Earhart became the first woman 57 (make) the flight. But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream come true.At the age of 34, 58 was just too busybusy fighting cancer.She was also busy with her job in advertising and busy raising her family.Everything seemed to be working 59 Mary.Then, at 91, her wish 60 (final) came true.The new pilot says it is never too late to spread your wings and try something new.这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位90多岁的老太太最终实现了自己的梦想。51. expression考查派生词。冠词后应为名词。52. has done考查时态。根据during the past 91 years可知应用现在完成时。53. but考查并列连词。句意：很多时候她想飞，但是直到现在才有机会。此处表示转折，应用but。54. an考查冠词。句意：Mary Moe或许看上去像一个普通的祖母。此处用不定冠词表示泛指。55. since考查从句引导词。句意：她刚学会开飞机，这是一个从儿时就有的梦想。应用since引导时间状语从句。56. was inspired考查语态。表示“被激励”应用被动语态。57. to make考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰，其后应用不定式作定语。58she考查代词。此处表示她太忙了，应填代词she。59. against考查介词。根据前面的描述，她太忙了，又得了癌症，似乎对她来说一切都不利于她。against表示“违背，不利于”。60. finally考查派生词。修饰动词时应用副词。
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