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题型八书面表达书面表达能较全面地反映学生所掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、遣词造句水平和英语思维水平。考查学生运用语言、表达思想、传递信息、描述事物的能力，考查重点是表达的有效性，兼顾准确性。书面表达可遵循以下三原则：1.文章结构三段论，表明你懂得文章结构；2.字数以上限为准，证明你书写能力很强；3.书写要规范美观，表明你书写训练有素。具体可分为以下四步：一、认真审题，明确要求审题时，根据所给信息，确定文体、时态、人称，同时，细读所给提示信息，明确文章内容。二、抓住要点，草拟提纲 通过审题，弄清文章的主题之后，学生应考虑文章的内容要点，组织语言材料。根据题目提示或说明，按事件发生的时间顺序、空间顺序或事理重要性顺序，先选取典型的、易于表达的材料作为自己的重点，列出提纲。列提纲时应注意以下几点：1书写要规范；2遇到想不起来的词或句型时，尽量找同义词、近义词或同义句型来代替。三、依纲据点，扩展成文依据提纲写作，注意把题目要求的内容无一遗漏地写进去，确保内容的完整性。同时，对于与要求无关的内容切忌任意发挥，画蛇添足。学生应注意以下几点：1尽量运用最基本的词汇或句型，写自己最熟悉、最有把握的句子。2尽量多用简单句，少用复合句；多用短句，少用长句。注意语言准确，符合英语语言习惯，尽量避免汉语式的英语。3注意上下文的衔接。根据意思需要，句子之间可加上必要的连接词或过渡词。如：and，but，however，meanwhile，to begin with等常见连接词的使用，可以使文章结构紧凑、衔接自如。四、通读全文，查漏补缺短文写完之后，学生应从题目要求对全文进行检查和修改。经过反复修改和润色，使文章句子流畅，布局严谨。对于文章的修饰，学生可从以下几方面着手：1用词方面：(1)代词的格和指代关系是否用得正确；(2)名词的单复数是否正确；(3)形容词的比较级和最高级用得是否正确；(4)副词的位置是否合适；(5)动词的搭配是否准确。2句子方面：(1)句型结构是否完整；(2)主谓、人称是否一致；(3)时态、语态、语气是否正确；(4)连句的方法是否恰当。3段落方面：(1)段落主题句是否概括本段的中心思想；(2)扩展句是否都围绕这一主题，有无多余的句子；(3)句子之间是否连贯；(4)段落层次是否分明，是否合乎逻辑。4篇章方面：(1)文章主题是否合理自然；(2)段落之间过渡是否合理；(3)文章的文体及所用的组织方法是否恰当；(4)文章内容是否充实，有无遗漏。(2016，山西)向他人表达善意并帮助他人体现了一个人良好的品格。当你向别人表达善意并给他人提供帮助时，你希望得到回报(repay)吗？针对这一话题，九年级六班的同学们展开了辩论。假设你是正方或反方的一员，请围绕你的观点，结合自己的亲身经历，说出2至3条理由来说服同学们(只需选择一方观点表达即可)。要求：1.词数不少于80词； 2文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数；3文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。When I show kindness and help to others, I _【审题指导】细读所给文字，可以提取以下信息：1文章要求就“当别人向你表达善意并给他人提供帮助时，你是否希望得到回报”进行论述，文体为议论文；2谈论自己的观点用第一人称；3回忆之前的事情用一般过去时，谈论自己的观点用一般现在时；4词数不少于80词，文章开头以给出，不计入总词数。5不得出现真实的人名、校名。【高分范文】When_I_show_kindness_and_help_others，I never expect them to repay me.On the one hand，helping others gives me a strong feeling of being needed and brings me happiness.On the other hand，everyone may get into trouble and need help，too.Several days ago，while I was having a walk in the park，I found a little boy crying.Then I asked him what the matter was，and he told me he couldnt find his mom.Luckily，he remembered his mothers phone number.So I called her immediately.Ten minutes later，the boy saw his mom and became excited.His mom was so thankful that she wanted to buy me a small gift，but I refused.At that time，I felt quite happy because I did something really good.All in all，the world needs love and we should be ready to help others without expecting any repay.If you wanted repay，a “Thanks” would be enough.【范文点评】文章首句开门见山，直切主题；文章第二段通过一则事例阐释自己的观点，增强了文章的说服力；文章末端提纲挈领，使得文章前后呼应，有始有终。【评分说明】本题总分为15分，根据内容要点，按所写篇章的语法结构和语汇运用的数量，篇章的准确性、连贯性及得体性，分五个档次给分，三分为一档。注：词数少于80词的从总分中扣去1分；如书写较差，以致影响理解的，可扣去1分。Passage 1(2016，抚顺)对于全国积极推广的“足球进校园”活动，你班的同学可能有各自不同的观点。请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，并谈谈你的看法。内容提示：Some studentsSome studentsMy opinions1.make.healthier and stronger1.get in the way of.2.make.rich and colorful2.be dangerous3.have a chance to.3.be hard to.要求：语言准确，行文连贯，层次清晰，书写规范。文中不得出现真实姓名、校名。作文应包括上述所有相关信息并可适当发挥。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。Different students have different opinions for the activity “Soccer Enters School”. Some students in my class think this activity is good for them.It can make them healthier and stronger.It also makes their spare time rich and colorful.Especially for some students, they may have a chance to become professional soccer players.Other students think this activity will waste their time and get in the way of their study. Sometimes its dangerous. They may get hurt while playing soccer. Whats more, its hard to become a professional soccer player.In my opinion, I think this activity is good for us. It will make more students love soccer.Passage 2(2014，山西)学习方法、自我反思、合作交流、同伴互评是学习过程中几个重要的方面。其中，有效的学习方法能使你的学习境界大开，让学习成为一种享受。在你初中三年的学习过程中，你一定会有一些好的学习方法与你的同伴分享，请按以下要求写一篇短文，内容须包含以下要点。your good learning method(s)an experience you helped your partnersyour thoughts and feelings要求：1.词数80词左右，提示词仅供参考；2文中不得出现真实的人名、校名；3请将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。One possible version：Good learners must have good ways.Discussing in a group really helps me have a better understanding of what Ive learned.It broadens our mind and give us more chances to express our thoughts.Shy and nervous，my classmates Jeff used to hide himself behind books.Answering questions in public was quite a difficult job for him.Once our math teacher asked us to solve a difficult problem，I encouraged him to write his idea with us and we found his way was so creative.Then we advised him to write his answer on the blackboard and explain his way to us.Believe it or not，he did it and we saw his great improvement after that.Discussing in a group not only makes me enjoy the happiness of being a good learner but also deepens the friendship between Jeff and me.Knowledge comes from communicating and questioning.By discussing，we learn more wisely and better.Passage 3(2013，山西)学生综合素质评价的方式多种多样，同伴互评是其中较为有效的方式之一，它可以让学生不断体验成长和学习过程中的进步，正确认识自我，保持自信。某班一个小组正在进行阶段性同伴互评活动，如果你是该组组长，请结合本组讨论情况，为本组某位同学写一份激励性评价报告，内容须包含以下要点： the skill/the advantage/the personal quality the student has one thing the student did some advice for the student要求： 1.词数80词左右； 2.不得出现真实的人名、校名。Han Mei is an easygoing girl who gets along well with everyone.She is also talented in performing.Whats the most important，she is warmhearted.Once she knew a girl in her neighborhood had so serious an illness that a large amount of money was needed.She put forward a suggestion calling on all the kids to give away pocket money to the unlucky girl.Besides，she organized a charity show to raise more money.When the girl and her parents got the money，they were really moved.Han Mei should also put more time and energy into study and try to be a student with both a kind heart and good grades.Passage 4(2012，山西)现在，社会上补习机构火爆，在各种媒体上，我们经常可以看到“名师”、“个性化教学”、“终极押题”、“秒杀中考”等广告词。你相信这样的宣传吗？为此，你所在的学习小组针对这一社会现象，围绕“课余时间我们应该更多地去做什么才能够得到全面的发展”开展了讨论，最终大家形成了以下观点：请你根据同学们的上述观点，并结合自己的亲身体验，就此问题陈述自己的看法，内容必须包含以下要点：1Would you like to take afterschool classes？Why or why not？(Please give 3 reasons.)2What would you like to do in your spare time?3Please tell us one of your stories of this kind of experience.要求：1.词数80词左右；2文中不得出现真实的人名与校名。One possible version：It seems that many students go to take afterschool classes，but I think it is just a waste of time and money.I used to go to different kinds of these classes，too.But later I realized I couldnt do that any more.I began to spend more time reading，doing sports and taking some social activities.Meanwhile，I dont fall behind others in study.I prefer to have time to enjoy the nature.Its a wise way to know about the world.So I often put my spare time to good use by watching animals，plants，rocks.around my city.I still remember that day I went to the Forest Park this spring！And I found a few plants appearing in my biology books.It offered me an opportunity to deepen my understanding of my textbooks.Learning by using is a real practice.I have benefited a lot from it.Now I am becoming more creative and confident than those who are always involved in taking afterschool classes.Passage 1(2016，温州)假如你是Lingling，学校根据下表中新西兰来温暑期交流师生的意愿，决定安排他们去100公里外的许村游玩一天。但自行车来回路程需要89小时，权衡利弊，需调整这项内容，请你发邮件给对方带队老师Mr.Black做好说明、沟通工作。A Oneday TourPreferred activityLearn about ChineseeducationSee beautiful sightsLearn about ChineseculturePreferred placeA schoolA villageA museumPreferred transportationOn footBy bikeBy busYour idea：NoYesWhat is it?Other needsNoYesWhat is it？Taste_some_local_food.要求：(1)文中不能出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息；(2)文本长度：110词左右。开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。One possible version：Dear Mr. Black，Im Lingling. My school asked us to make the oneday tour plan for you and we tried to make it best to your preferences, but Im afraid well have to make some changes.Well visit a mountain village called Xucun，which is very famous for its old houses, fantastic sights and delicious food.Im sure you will like it.However，it will take us about 8 to 9 hours to go and come back by bike.Even if we set out at 7：00 am.，well get there at about 11：30.Going around the beautiful，cultural places, including some old houses with a history of over 500 years，will take us at least 2 to 3 hours.Having lunch (local food and drinks) takes another hour. Whats more, its very hot there in summer.So we think taking a bus there will be a much better choice. Looking forward to your reply.Best_wishes，LinglingPassage 2(2016，南充)对于“中学生在校是否可以使用手机”，不同学生有不同的看法，请你根据下面表格中的提示写一篇短文，向某英语报社投稿。观点赞成反对理由1.便于联系：2获取信息：1.浪费时间：2危害身心健康：你的观点及理由要求：包含所有要点，不逐字翻译，围绕要点适当发挥；书写规范、工整，条理清晰；文中不得出现真实人名、地名、校名等；词数：80100词，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。One possible version：Can middle school students use mobile phones at school?Nowadays，more and more teenagers use mobile phones.Can middle school students use mobile phones at school？Different students have different opinions about it.Some students think they can use mobile phones at school.First，its convenient for them to call their parents，teachers or friends.Second，they can search what they need on mobile phones.For example，they can look up new words and look through news.However，some students disagree.They think using mobile phones at school is a waste of time.Many students spend too much time on games and QQ.Besides，its unhealthy for the mind and the body，such as hurting eyes，making some bad friends.In my opinion，students cant use mobile phones at school.Its bad for our health and study.Passage 3(2016，丽水)在英语课上，老师组织了“A trip to the countryside or to the city”的话题讨论。请根据小组讨论结果，写一篇英语短文，介绍两者的不同特点，并写出你的选择与理由。CountrysideCityrelaxing，fresh air.not easy to take public transportation.exciting.crowded，expensive.注意：1)短文必须包含记录表中的信息，并作适当发挥；2)文中不能出现真实的校名、姓名等信息；3)词数80100词，所给的文章开头供选择，不计入总词数。One possible version：In the English class，we had a discussion on the topic of having a trip to the countryside or to the city.Taking a trip to the countryside can relax yourself by fishing or swimming.And the fresh air might be your favorite.However，you might not have many choices in transportation.Of course，a trip to the city also has its characters.If you like shopping，its very exciting to travel back and forth in large malls.You can visit museums to broaden your mind.Nevertheless, such a trip might cost much.And the traffic jam might let you down.If youre from the countryside，a trip to the city is better.There youll learn what youve never thought of.(In my opinion，a trip to the countryside is better.There，you can lie under the stars，enjoying the quiet night.)Passage 4(2016，威海)下面六幅图片描述的是今天早晨发生的一件事。假设你是图中的小男孩，请用英语写一篇日记，记述事件发生的经过。要求：1.语句规范、通顺，情节合理、完整；2记述过程中要适当使用对话，使描述更加生动、形象；3词数：80100词左右。日记的开头已给出，不计入词数。4文中不得出现真实姓名和学校等信息。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。One possible version：Monday, June 13This morning mum didnt go to work and she wanted to do some washing at home.First，she_put_some_dirty_clothes_into_the_washing_machine，and_then_she_went_back_to_the_bedroom_to_look_for_other_dirty_clothes_with_its_door_open.At_that_moment，my_pet_cat_ran_out_of_the_bedroom_happily_and_rushed_into_the_washing_machine.When_mum_returned，she_didnt_notice_the_cat，and_she_closed_the_door_of_the_washing_machine.Just_then，I_found_a_dirty_Tshirt，“Mum，could_you_please_help_me_clean_my_shirt？”_“Of_course，my_dear.”_Mum_opened_the_door.Suddenly，my_pet_cat_rushed_out_of_the_washing_machine.Mum_and_I_were_both_shocked.My_god!_What_would_happen_if_I_didnt_give_mum_the_shirt?Passage 5(2016，临夏州)常州“毒地事件”再次引起人们对环境污染及其治理的深入思考。请看图片并阅读图片中的相关介绍，根据要求以“Pollution”为题，从初中生的视角入手，写一篇不少于80词的短文。Pollution is almost everywhere.Smoke is coming out of the chimneys(烟囱) of this factory and the water in the river is polluted.Air and water pollution are bad for people，animals，and plants.要求：1.文中需包含以下内容：aWhat can be seen coming out of the chimneys?bIs the water in the river clean?cName at least two types of pollution.dWhat are the junior high students supposed to do to help stop pollution?2可根据图片发挥想象，适量拓展；3句子及篇章结构准确、连贯，书写规范；4文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息。One possible version：PollutionPollution_can_be_seen_almost_everywhere.We_can_see_smoke_coming_out_of_the_chimneys.We_can_see_the_river_is_not_clean_anymore.We_can_see_rubbish_here_and_there.Air，water，rubbish_and_other_pollution_are_bad_for_every_living_thing.As_junior_high_students，were_supposed_to_do_something_to_help_stop_pollution.We_should_ride_our_bikes_or_take_the_bus_to_school_instead_of_driving.When_shopping，wed_better_take_a_bag.Besides，were_supposed_to_sort_the_rubbish_before_we_throw_it_out.All_in_all，theres_much_we_can_do_to_help_stop_pollution.Lets_take_action_now!Passage 6(2016，泉州)暑假快到了，学校倡导同学们多读书，读好书，以阅读为乐，过一个有意义的假期。请你以“Ill Enjoy Reading in the Summer Vacation”为题，写一篇90词左右的英语短文与大家分享。内容要点：1阅读的好处；了解世界；带来快乐；2读书计划；寻找好书；用好时间；写作要求：必须根据内容要点进行写作，并适当发挥。温馨提示：短文中请勿使用真实姓名、地点或所在学校名称。Possible version one：Ill_Enjoy_Reading_in_the_Summer_VacationGood books are like good friends.They can help us learn more about the world, bring us enjoyment and develop our good habits.The summer vacation is coming.It is a good time for me to enjoy reading.So Ive made a reading plan.First，Im going to get more helpful books.Second，I plan to make full use of my time to read books as many as possible.Third，Im going to take notes while reading.I think I will get great fun from reading in the summer vacation.Possible version two：Ill_Enjoy_Reading_in_the_Summer_VacationBooks are our good friends. They can help us know about the world and make our life full of happiness.With them，well never feel lonely.Ive made a reading plan for the coming summer vacation. In the morning，Im going to spend 2.5 hours reading in the City Library.There，I can find books which are suitable for teenagers.In the afternoon，Ill share my thoughts with my friends so that I can get something new in reading.The more books I read，the wealthier Ill be in spirit.Wish all of us could improve ourselves by reading！
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