中考英语命题研究 第二部分 语法专题突破篇 专题十 动词的时态 第二节 时态的应用试题1

第二节 时态的应用,河北中考重难点突破【满分点拨】一、时态的判断根据河北近5年真题分析可以看出，初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题，如根据时间状语确定时态；利用上下文语意判断句子的时态；根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态；固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系；根据特定动词与时态的对应关系；根据时态中的“特殊”对策(如客观真理等)。【方法突破】1根据时间状语确定时态(2015年34题，2015年36题，2014年39题，2013年45题，2012年43题)根据时间状语判断时态在河北中考中主要体现在词语运用和连词成句题型中。now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等标志着现在进行时；just now，ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month /year(last系列)等标志着一般过去时；at 1：00 last night，at that moment，this time yesterday等标志着过去进行时；tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year(next系列)等标志着一般将来时；yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等标志着现在完成时；除了上面这些时间状语提示时态外，某些副词也有这种作用，如：often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示频率的副词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。【典例剖析】(2015河北34题)( )Were proud that China _ stronger and stronger these years.Awill become BbecameCis becoming Dwas becoming【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在进行时。句意：我们自豪的是现在中国正变得越来越强大了。时间状语these days“如今，现在”，是现在进行时的标志。故本题选C。2利用上下文语意判断句子的时态(2015年31题，2014年37题，2014年42题，2013年36题，2013年43题，2012年38题，2012年40题，2012年41题，2011年38题，2011年42题)如果一个英语句子中既没有出现时间状语，也没有可供判断时态的上下文，那么就应当把这个句子翻译成中文，利用我们的母语知识来判断这个句子该用何种时态。【典例剖析】(2015河北31题)( )I _ the shops.Can I get you anything?Ago to Bwent toChave gone to Dam going to【答案】D【解题技巧】考查一般将来时。句意：我将去商店，我能给你买些东西吗？根据Can I get you anything？可知动作没有发生，故用一般将来时，go的将来时用现在进行时表示。故选D。3根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态(2015年32题，2014年40题，2013年37题，2012年43题)有些试题虽然看起来没有时间状语提示词，也不是出现在复合句中，但是上下句的动作存在着明显的时间顺序差距，因此可根据上下文已有的时态来判断本句所要选用的时态。【典例剖析】(2015河北32题)( )Paula is pleased that she _ her lost watch.Afinds BfoundChas found Dwill find【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。句意：Paula是高兴的，她找到了她丢失的手表。根据找到丢失的手表，可知动作发生在过去，又根据前文is pleased，可知过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，故用现在完成时。4在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时，从句是由when，after，before，notuntil，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及由if，unless引导的条件状语从句中，谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时间。(2013年35题)【典例剖析】(2013河北35题)( )Henry will give us a report as soon as he _.Awill arrive Bwas arrivingCarrives Darrived【答案】C【解题技巧】考查一般现在时。as soon as引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。故选C。“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。(2007年45题)【典例剖析】(2007河北45题)( )I didnt understand _，so I raised my hand to ask.Awhat my teacher saysBwhat does my teacher sayCwhat my teacher saidDwhat did my teacher say【答案】C【解题技巧】考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排查B和D项。再根据“时态一致”原则，即主句的谓语动词为过去时态，从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。故选C。在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句出现。(2008年27题，2007年35题，2006年34题)【典例剖析】(2008河北27题)( )The Children _ a PE.class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.Ahave Bare havingChad Dwere having【答案】D【解题技巧】考查过去进行时。when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时，且“begin”为短暂性动词，那主句表示延续性的谓语动词应用过去进行时。当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据具体情况，选用各种合适的时态。(2012年45题，2011年45题，2010年45题，2009年45题，2006年45题)【典例剖析】(2011年河北45题)( )Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _Awhen she will come backBwhen she came backCwhen will she come backDwhen did she come back【答案】A【解题技巧】考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，排查C和D项。本题遵循当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制。再根据上句她正在度假可知回来肯定是将来的事。故选A。在含有“since从句”的主从复合句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。另外，在“Its一段时间since从句”句式中，since后面的从句一般用一般过去时。【典例剖析】(2014安徽中考改编)( )Rick _ a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China.Alearns BlearnedChas learned Dare learning【答案】C【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。since引导的主从复合句中“主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时”。所以本题可根据从句中的“came”判断出主句应用现在完成时，自从他来中国后就一直学习中国文化，这个学习的动作发生在过去，但是到目前为止还没有结束且可能还会持续下去。故选C。5固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系(2009年36题)在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系，如：在“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中，陈述句中用will表示一般将来时。【典例剖析】(2009河北36题)( )Keep practicing and you _ your English.Aimprove Bwill improveCimproved Dwere improved【答案】B【解题技巧】考查一般将来时。这是“祈使句and/ or陈述句”句型，陈述句的谓语要用“will动词原形”，故选B。在This/That/It is the first time that句型中用现在完成时。若is改为was，就用过去完成时；有时以上结构中的first也可换成second，third，fourth等；其中的time也可换成其他名词。【典例剖析】( )Do you know our town at all?No，this is the first time I _ here.Awas Bhave been Ccame Dam coming【答案】B【解题技巧】考查现在完成时。This is the first time后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。6根据特定动词与时态的对应关系(2014年44题)在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到)等词的用法与上下文的时态有对应的提示作用，如see sb. do/doing sth.，hear sb. do/doing sth.。【典例剖析】(2015河北37题)( )I saw Jeff in the park.He _ on the grass and reading a book.Asits BsatCis sitting Dwas sitting【答案】D【解题技巧】考查过去进行时。根据上文语境“我看到杰夫在公园里”。saw表明动作发生在过去。又根据reading a book，可知前后句表并列关系，故用过去进行时。7根据时态中的“特”对策(如客观真理等)当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或现在习惯行为时，其谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的限制，要用一般现在时。【典例剖析】( )The teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.Atraveled BtravelsCis traveling Dwill travel【答案】B【解题技巧】考查一般现在时。由常识可知“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理，必须使用一般现在时。故选B。二、常见易混时态辨析1一般现在时与现在进行时的易混辨析一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作，或现在的状态，强调长期性、稳定性；而现在进行时是指现在此刻或现在这一时期内正在进行的动作，强调暂时性，不稳定性。如：He usually gets up at six in the morning.(经常性、习惯性动作)She is an English woman.(现在的状态)We are working on the farm these days.(现在这期间的动作，表示这几天暂时在农场上帮忙)Look！The boys are fighting.(现在此刻所发生的动作)注意：不宜用进行时态的动词：表示心理状态、情感的动词，如：love，like，hate，care，know，understand，forget，remember，believe，want，agree，wish，mean等；表示存在的动词，如：be，lie(位于)等；表示一瞬间就发生的动作，如：get，buy，end，receive等。如：I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语。(表示情感)Mexico lies to the south of Texas.墨西哥位于德克萨斯州的南边。(表示存在)2一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响。主要说明现在的情况。如：I opened the door just now.我刚才打开了门。(指刚才做了“开门”的动作，但现在门是否开着，并未说明。)I have opened the door.我已经把门打开了。(门现在还开着)3一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析一般过去时表示过去发生过，强调动作结束了，侧重于事实。而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行，强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信写完了，强调事实)I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定写完，强调动作)4表示“将来时态”几种形式的易混辨析在初中阶段，我们学了will/shall动词原形，be going to动词原形，be doing以及一般现在时等四种形式表达将来时。will/shall表示单纯的将来(即现在之后)。如：He will be back in a few days.他几天之后回来。(单纯将来)注意：在含有if的条件状语从句中，主句要用will表示将来时。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。be going to动词原形多用于口语，强调事先的“打算、计划”要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening？你今晚准备做什么？(打算)Look！There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain，I think.看，天空乌云密布。我觉得是要下雨了。(有迹象要发生的事情)be doing现在进行时。现在进行时表示即将发生的将来，多与表示位移的动词come，go，arrive，leave，fly，start等连用。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她就要启程去北京。一般现在时表示将来时，主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中；或者用来表示按时刻表的规定将要发生的动作。如：Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一见到他我就会告诉他这件事。My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11点起飞。【考点抢测】( D )1.(2016石家庄18县市联考)My sister wants a new dress.She _ it to the party.Awears Bhas wornCwore Dis going to wear( C )2.(2016石家庄18县市联考)I _ my homework，I guess I cant join you.Adont finish Bdidnt finishChavent finished Dwont finish( C )3.(2016邯郸升学二模)She _ the bike for two years，but it still looks nice.Ahad BboughtChas had Dhas bought( D )4.(2016邯郸升学二模)Turn down the TV，dear.Our son _ for his report in the study.Aprepares Bhas preparedCprepared Dis preparing( B )5.(2016邯郸升学二模)Look at the picture in my room！My father _ it in England.Atakes BtookCwill take Dis taking( B )6.(2016路北区九年级二模)If people _ the traffic rules，there will be fewer traffic jams and accidents.Awill obey BobeyCbreak Dwill break( B )7.(2016石家庄28中模拟)Leave me alone，please！I _ on a difficult problem.Awork Bam workingCworked Dhave worked( D )8.(2016石家庄28中模拟)Miss Brown，we _ cleaning the classroom.Can we go home now?Afinish Bare finishingCfinished Dhave finished( D )9.(2016张家口二模)I didnt see clearly how the accident happened because it _ heavily.Ais raining BrainsCwill rain Dwas raining( B )10.(2016张家口升学二模)Tony _ his bag in the school library.He has to get it back.Aleaves BleftCis leaving Dwas leaving ,河北中考考点精练一、单项选择( C )1.(2016江西中考)May I speak to Mrs.Black?Sorry，mom cant come to the phone now.She_a shower.Ahas BhadCis having Dwas having( C )2.(2016绵阳中考)Anita，where is your brother?He_out in the garden with a group of kids.Aplays BplayedCis playing Dhas played( D )3.(2016北京中考)Please dont make so much noise.The baby_now.Asleeps BsleptCwill sleep Dis sleeping( D )4.(2016黔东南州中考)Hurry up！We_for you at the gate.Im sorry，Im coming soon.Await Bwill waitChave been waited Dare waiting( A )5.(2016毕节中考)Its six oclock in the morning.Many people_in the park.Aare dancing BdanceCis dancing Ddances( B )6.(2016成都中考)Lily，where is your father now？Go and get him for lunch.Just a moment，please.Father_a phone call in his room.Amakes Bis makingCwas making Dmade( C )7.(2016河南中考)Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens while you_it.Aclimb BclimbedCare climbing Dhave climbed( B )8.(2016南京中考)Hi，Nora.Is your mother at home?Just a minute！She_flowers in the garden.Aplant Bis plantingCplanted Dwas planting( B )9.(2016永州中考)_you ever_to the Great Wall?Yes，Three times.AHas；been BHave；beenCHave；gone DDid；go ( C )10.(2016宁夏中考)Look！Someone_the classroom.Well，it wasnt me.I didnt do it.Ais cleaning Bwas cleaningChas cleaned Dwill clean( A )11.(2016苏州中考)Hobo and Eddie_the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.Oh，thats why I cant find them now.Ahave gone to Bhave been toChas gone to Dhas been to( C )12.(2016武汉中考)I dont feel very well，Jack.Im afraid you_me your cold.Agive Bhad givenChave given Dwould give( C )13.(2016北京中考)Its nice to see you again.We_each other since 2014.Awont see Bdont seeChavent seen Ddidnt see( A )14.(2016黔南州中考)Rick_a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China.Ahas learned Bwill learnClearns Dlearned( D )15.(2016烟台中考)Lucy has_to London.How can I get in touch with her?Dont worry.She will phone you as soon as she_there.Abeen；will get Bbeen；getsCgone；will get Dgone；gets( B )16.(2016北京中考)Where did you go last weekend?I_to the Great Wall.Ago BwentCwill go Dhave gone( B )17.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian_a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.Abuy BboughtCwill buy Dwould buy( C )18.(2016广东中考)School violence(暴力)_much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.Adrew Bwill drawChas drawn Dwas drawing( A )19.(2016重庆中考)Dont worry.Bill will help you look after your dog when you_away on business.Aare BwereCwill be Dhave been( C )20.(2016黄石中考)Many scientist believe that robots_able to talk like humans in 50 years.Awere BareCwill be Dhave been( D )21.(2016石家庄新华区中考模拟)My family_the tea garden last summer.Avisit Bwill visitChave visited Dvisited( D )22.(2016石家庄桥西区中考模拟)Tom，could you give me a hand now?Sorry，mom.I_a picture for tomorrows game.Adraw BdrewCwas drawing Dam drawing( B )23.(2016石家庄桥西区中考模拟)Our math teacher looks sad.Maybe he_what happened to him.Ais knowing Bhas known Cmust know Dwill know( D )24.(2016石家庄桥西区中考模拟)Why didnt you answer my telephone yesterday evening?Sorry.I_a bath.Atake BtookCam taking Dwas taking( C )25.(2016张家口升学一模)There is going to be an important meeting in Beijing next week.Thats right.And my boss_for Beijing to attend it.Aleft Bwas leavingCis leaving Dleaves ( B )26.(2016张家口升学一模)Your new watch is so beautiful!Oh，thank you.I_it during my visit to Shanghai.Abuy BboughtCwill buy Dhave bought( C )27.(2016张家口升学一模)Danny didnt see the cat catching a fish because he_the NBA game.Awatches Bis watching Cwas watching Dwatched( D )28.(2016张家口升学一模)Did you return the book to the library yesterday?No，I_reading it.Afinished Bdidnt finish Chave finished Dhavent finished( B )29.(2016裕华区中考模拟)Excuse me，where is Mr.Smiths office?Sorry，I_here for only a few days.Aworks Bhave workedChave come Dworked( D )30.(2016苏州中考)Oh，dear! A power cut!Sorry，I dont know you_the washing machine.Aare using BusedCuse Dwere using( A )31.(2016无锡中考)My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I_half of it.Amissed Bwas missing Cwill miss Dwould miss( B )32.(2016连云港中考)Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes，they_a plan and did it.Awere working outBworked out Care working outDhave worked out二、连词成句1(2016路南区质检一)ten，in，have，years，we，Beijing，for，stay_We_have_stayed_in_Beijing_for_ten_years_2(2016路南区质检一)basketball，the，week，the，win，last，boys，game_The_boys_won_the_basketball_game_last_week3(2016保定调研)spring，take，I，last，them_I_took_them_last_spring_4(2016河北丰润区三模)coat，out，and，Tony，put，go，his，on_Tony_puts_on_his_coat_and_goes_out_5(2017原创预测)the Smiths，party，yesterday，have，a_The_Smiths_had_a_party_yesterday_