基础英语语法8被动语态强调句.ppt

被动语态；强调句,PassiveVoiceEmphaticSentence,被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,arewashed,by,hisbrother,everyday.,改为被动语态,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBelgiun.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeilun.,EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,变为被动语态,Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Thelittlebaby,waslookedafter,by,him,yesterday.,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.,Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Theroom,willbecleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.,Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.,Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring.,TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.,3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,4AmycantakegoodcareofGina,GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.,Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.,练习：讲下列句子改为被动句1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.,7.TheywritebusinesslettersinEnglish.8.TheygrowriceinSouthChina.9.TheyplantmanytreesinNorthChina.10.LuXunwrotethisbook.11.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday,被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.,2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice),3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell常见加for的动词有make,draw,buye.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：,S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+done,练习1,翻译下列汉语被动句。,他被选为校学生会主席。HewaselectedChairmanoftheStudentsUnionofthisuniversity.她深受大家的尊敬。Sheisgreatlyrespectedbyevery-one.窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。Thewindowpanewasbrokenbythechild;hewillcertainlybescolded.社会主义思想体系已为全国人民所接受。Socialistideologyhasbeenacceptedbythepeopleofthewholecountry.该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。Theplanwillbeexaminedbyaspecialcommittee.老太太被风吹病了。Theoldladyfellillbecauseofthedraught.,这座桥将在今年底建成。Theconstructionofthebridgewillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear.知识分子的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。Onsuchabasishasthequestionoftheintellectualsbeenraised.这个问题正在研究。Theproblemisnowbeingstudied.来宾请出示入场券。Visitorsarerequestedtoshowtheirtickets.,我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十一国庆节。NationalDayisenthusiasticallycelebratedonOct.1BYTHEChinesepeopleofallnationalitieseveryyear.中美已经建立了外交关系。DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。Verysoonhewassurroundedbyacrowdandwassnowedunderwithquestions.他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。Shewasaskedtenquestionsintheoralexaminationandansweredeveryoneofthemcorrectly.,练习2,请使用被动句型表达下列主题：1）Howtoplantatree?2）Howtokeephealthyinmoderntimes?,强调句人们在说话、写文章的过程中，为了突出句子中的某一部分，就常使用某种方法、手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意，这就是强调。在英语中，表示强调的方法一般分为三种：位置的强调；用词强调；句型强调。,（一）位置强调英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如：A.强调主语及状语。(1)IwasreadingEnglishthismorning.Thismorning,IwasreadingEnglish.今天早晨，我一直在读英语。(2)IllgotoseeLiLeitomorrow.Tomorrow,IllgotoseeLiLei.明天，我要去看李蕾。,（一）位置强调英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如：B.强调谓语(as,though引导的让步状语从句)(1)Thoughhewilltry,hecantsucceed.Tryas/thoughhewill,hecantsucceed.尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功。(2)Thoughshecansing,shecantsingwell.Singthough/asshecan,shecantsingwell.尽管她会唱，但唱得不好。,（一）位置强调英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如：C.强调宾语或表语(as,though引导的让步状语从句)(1)ThoughhelearntEnglish,hedidntlearnitwell.Englishas/thoughhelearnt,hedidntlearnitwell.尽管他学过英语，但他学得并不好。(2)Thoughheisill,hekeepsonworking.Illas/thoughheis,hekeepsonworking.尽管他有病，他仍坚持工作。,（二）用词强调英语中强调的另一种方法，就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。A.在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词do,对谓语进行强调。(1)Idolikeswimming.我的确喜欢游泳。(2)Hedidgotherelastnight.他昨天晚上的确去过那儿。B.awfully,badly,dead,deeply,ever,extremely,highly,indeed,lightly,notatall,particularly,pretty,really,so,strongly,terribly,utterly,very,verymuch,等副词修饰以加强语气。(1)Hewantstogetitverymuch.他非常像得到它。(2)Imissyouterribly.我非常思念你。,（二）用词强调C.用短语atall,onearth,intheworld,underthesun等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。如：(1)Idontknowitatall.我一点也不知道。(2)Whatonearthareyoudoingthere?你到底在那干什么？D.用重复某一个词或短语来强调。(1)Hethoughtandthought,andsuddenlyhegotagoodidea.他想啊想啊，突然想到了一个好主意。(2)Heranandran,andatlasthecaughtupwithotherstudents.他跑啊跑啊，终于赶上了其他的同学们。,（三）用句子来强调A句型强调英语中最常见的强调手段，也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调，即：强调句型。Itis/was+被强调的部分+that(who)(1)ItwasintheroomthatLiLeiwasborn.李蕾出生就在这间房子。(2)ItisWeiFangwhohasbrokentherecord.就是魏方打破了纪录。,（三）用句子来强调B使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：(A)原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用Itis+被强调的部分+that(who);若原句子是过去时，强调句用：Itwas+被强调的部分+that(who)(1)ItisinAmericathatLiLeisfatherwillwork.李蕾的父亲将在美国工作。(2)ItwasatthisschoolthatIstudiedafewyearsago.几年前我就在这所学校读书。(B)即使被强调的部分是复数，It后面始终用单数形式。(1)TomandLucygaveusmuchhelp.ItwasTomandLucythatgaveusmuchhelp.正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。.昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。,（三）用句子来强调B使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：(C)强调人时，可用who代替that,但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when,where,why,how代替that。(1)Itisourteacherwho/thathelpsusmakegreatprogress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(2)ItisbybusthatIgotoschooleveryday.每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。,