资源描述
.八年级英语下册知识点Unit 1. whats the matter?一重点短语归纳 foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙齿 have a cold感冒 have a stomachache胃疼 have a sore back背疼. have a sore throat喉咙疼 have a fever发烧 have a toothache牙疼 lie down and (have a)rest=lie down to rest躺下休息have a rest休息 hot tea with honey蜂蜜热茶. see a dentist看牙医 see a doctor 看医生 .drink lots of water多喝水 .lots of,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot. Thats a good idea好主意. go to bed去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉 . feel well感到好feel ill感到不舒服I dont feel well= Im not feeling well我感觉不舒服. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事to do是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情doing是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。. I think so我认为是这样. be thirsty口渴 be hungry饥饿. be stressed out紧张. listen to music听音乐. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式. need to do sth需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医. for example例如.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长begood(bad)for、begoodat的相关用法1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：Im good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好.get good grades 取得好成绩.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气be angry at/ about sth就某事生气.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its important to do sth . 做某事很重要。.get tired感到疲倦 be/get tired .go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出.stay healthy保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health.at the moment此时，此刻= now Im not feeling very well at the moment.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun. a few +可数名词复数少许a little +不可数名词/形/副一点.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西. .give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some goodadvice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。二 固定结构Its +形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的三重点句子.Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you?I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachacheThats too bad. You should / shouldnt那太糟糕了.你应该/不该You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . He shouldnt eat anything = He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西. .Im not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来这里better是well的比较级 Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话 I believe him, but I cant believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。四知识结构.情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。maybe与maybe1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师toomany,toomuch与muchtoo1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： 1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 .little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ .cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家 . sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语 volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者 . come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上 put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴. write down 写下 记下 call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话 set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用 put to use 把 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用 help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。 spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。 spend on sth. 花费在 I spent 3 years on English. 常见的就近原则的结构有： Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student. Not only but (also) There be 结构。 join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 run out 与 run out of run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。 两者在一定条件下可以互换 如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be similar to 与.相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会 . thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如： thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我 for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。 fill with 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。like prep. 像 . help sb. out 帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境) I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。. train n. 火车 train v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。 at once = right away 立刻 马上 如： Do it at once. 马上去做。 Ill go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。 specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的 disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能. hand out 分发 hand out bananas give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分.给某人 give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to . give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线volunteer 可数名词 “志愿者” adj. 自愿的 vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。. no longer = not any longer 指时间上不再延续。 no more = not any more 指动作上不再延续。二短语.clean up 清扫 give out 分发，发放cheer up=makehappier 使.高兴，使.振作.after school study program 课外学习班come up with=think up 提出，想出 put off 推迟write down 写下，记下 put up 张贴.hand out 分发，发放 call up 打电话.set up=establish 建立 .plan to do sth 计划干.打算干run out of 用完，耗尽 .take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象.fix up 修理 .give away 捐赠 .be similar to 与.相似.ask for 索要 .disabled people 残疾人 .fillwith. 用.填充. be full of 装满了.help.out 帮助.做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）.train sb to do sth 训练某人干. Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重要词组及短语1. Could you please do sth.? 你能吗？/ 请你干好吗？2. do the chores 做杂务3. do the dishes 洗餐具4. sweep the floor 清扫地板5. take out the trash 倒垃圾6. make ones bed 铺床7. fold ones clothes 叠衣服8. clean the living room 清扫客厅9. stay out late 晚归10. come over 过来11. have a test 考试12. get a ride 搭车13. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事 like to do (doing) sth.15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭17. wash the car 刷车18. work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫19. borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入) lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出) You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。 Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。 invite sb to a place invite you to my party21. go to the store 去商店22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事 disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料 take good care of = look after well 把照管得好26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步27. play with sb. 和某人玩28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)（1）do, make 短语归类 do the dishes 洗餐具 do my homework 做我的家庭作业 do chores 做家务，处理琐事 do the laundry 洗衣 do the shopping 购物 do some reading 读书 make your bed 铺床 make breakfast 做早餐 make dinner 做晚饭 make tea 泡茶，沏茶 make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡（2）关于 to 的短语总结： have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事 love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事 ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事二重点句型1. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure. / Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework first.2. Could I please use the car?Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you cant. I have to go out. 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could / Can / May I use your car for a day? 作允答可以各种各样： 如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 Thats OK / all right. 如果不同意，可以说 Im sorry you cant. 或 Im really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you cant. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一. 重要词汇和句型1. get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 为某人买某物 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ? = Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book ? When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人 某物 怎么样 Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed . get sb. to do sth. 使某人 某物做某事 I got him to call Jim yesterday .(4) ( 逐渐) 变得The weather gets warmer and days get longer . Why did the teacher get angry ? 2. how about what about 后跟名词 代词 动词ing形式。( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求 How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ? (2) 向对方征求意见或看法 How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况 How about the weather in Hainan Island ? How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文 Im forty years old . How about you ? Im from Beijing . How about you ?3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday . receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信 I received a letter from my parents last Sunday . = I got a letter from my parents last Sunday . = I heard from my parents last Sunday . accept 接受 He couldnt accept our suggestions but our gifts . She was very glad to receive the invitation . He didnt receive a good education at university . I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it . 4. a 6-year old child 一个六岁的孩子6-year old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语, 修饰后面的名词child . 数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房 a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典5. too to 太 而不能 too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb. He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out . 表示否定意义的never not 和too to 连用时表达肯定一样. One is never too old to learn . too to 可以与 enough to 和 so that 转换. 与enough to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词, 副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式. She is too young to do the work . = she isnt old enough to do the work . 与 so that 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式. Tom is too tired to walk any farther . = Tom is so tired that he cant walk any farther .6. cost 1) 动词 , 花费 价值 (多少钱 ) How much did it cost ? I didnt buy it because it cost too much . The meal cost us about 100 yuan .(2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱. at all costs不惜任何代价; at the cost of 以 为代价. Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country . We must stop it at all costs . After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the cost of their lives .7. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别 pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人. Sb. pay some money for sth. I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend some money on sth. Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth. I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week . She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money . This jacket cost him 200 dollars . take 花费 (时间 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .花费某人多少时间做某事 How long does it take sb. to do sth ? 花费某人多少时间做某事? It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework . It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home . It will take them 6 months to build the building . How long does it take him to plant the trees ? 8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作. I am very tired . I want to sleep . He slept for 12 hours yesterday . sleeping , Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉” Dont make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were . sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . Id like to go to bed . asleep 睡着了的. The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间 I couldnt fall asleep until it was very late last night . He listened to music and fell asleep .be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 . He was asleep for three hours . 9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosenchoose to do sth. 选择做某事cant Choose but 只得 pick and choose 挑挑拣拣 There are many books to choose from . We choose mike as our leader ( 领导 ). Will you help me choose a dictionary ? Everyone cant choose but obey ( 服从 ) . Its her habit (习惯 ) to pick and choose while shopping .10. present (1) 礼物, 礼品 = gift Why not give him a card as a present ? what can I get him for a birthday present ? ( 2 ) 目前, 现在 Im sorry he is out at present .You have to forget the past and start living in the present .11. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现 Its not right to open other peoples letters . Would you mind opening the window ? The door opens to the south . This factory opened in 1998. ( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的 In his dream the flowers are all open . Most shops are closed but several are still open . On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public . close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上 Please close the door to keep the cold out . closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的 when we got to the shop it was closed .12 . give away 赠送 , 分发 give away sth to sbAunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .John gave away his notebook to me . 其它短语 give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 放出, 发出(气味) give sth to sb = give sb. sth . 把某物给某人13. rather than 而不是 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句The color seems green rather than blue .If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .We depend on you rather than on him .You should help them rather than they should help you . prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿 , 也不 She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us . He preferred to listen to music rather than play games . Would rather do sth than do sth . 宁愿 , 也不 He would rather play than work . I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反” I didnt go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV. The boy didnt sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way . ( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是”Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .I dont like this one , please give me that instead .instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是” I have come instead of my brother . He is ill . We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) . He studies in the evening instead of during the day .15. enter (1) 参加 = take part in join More than one thousand sportsmen entered took part in the games . My brother hopes to enter join the army next year . ( 2 ) 进入 =come into go into She entered came into the room with these words . Did you see someone enter go into the house ? 16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 Parents should encourage children to do things by themsel
展开阅读全文