专业八级翻译讲解汉译英.ppt

专业八级翻译讲解,英译汉：1.能运用英译汉的理论和技巧,翻译英、美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文章及文学原著的节录。2.翻译速度为每小时250-300词。,考纲要求,汉译英：1.能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。2.翻译速度为每小时250300汉字。3.常见的文章类型：国情介绍（介绍中国文化、名胜等）；文学作品（以散文、小说为主）；新闻特写、评论、政论文等；科技商贸（由于词汇障碍，很少用）。,考纲要求,历年题材,2010年:汉译英:朋友关系;论说文英译汉:复活节风景描写;描写文2009年汉译英:手机;论说文英译汉:环境危机;获奖发言2008年汉译英:内心世界;哲理散文英译汉:婚后生活;哲理散文,历年题材,2007年:汉译英:黄昏的景色描写;描写文英译汉:大学与科技世界;论说文2006年汉译英:中西民族性格对比;论说英译汉:丘吉尔演讲;演讲稿2005年汉译英:人生的意义;论说文英译汉:书的分类及阅读;论说文,历年题材,2004年:汉译英:人际关系;论说文英译汉:内心世界的反思;论说文2003年汉译英:美国人性格;论说文英译汉:在家拘禁的感想;叙述文2002年汉译英:风俗延传;小品文英译汉:胜者与败者;论说文,历年题材,2001年:汉译英:论钓鱼;论说文英译汉:苦中有乐;论说文2000年汉译英:三代博物馆;说明文英译汉:名人的早亡;论说文,评分标准,1.EXCELLENTTRANSLATION(10-9)Thetranslationfaithfullyreflectsalltheoriginalpassagewithonly1or2minorlexicalerrors.Itadequatelyreflectsthestyleandtoneoftheoriginalpassage.Thetranslationiselegant(appropriatechoiceofwords,avarietyinsentencepatterns),评分标准,2.GOODTRANSLATIONWITHFEWINACCURACIES(87)Thetranslationreflectsalmostalltheoriginalpassagewithrelativelyfewsignificanterrorsincomprehendingindividualwords,phrases,sentencesorideas.Thetranslationisreadable(generallyclear,smooth,cohesive),评分标准,3.PASSABLETRANSLATIONWITHSOMEINACCURACIES(65)Thetranslationadequatelyreflectsmostoftheoriginalpassagewithoccasionalerrorsincomprehendingindividualwords,phrases,sentencesorideas.Thetranslationis,forthemostpart,readable.,评分标准,4.INADEQUATETRANSLATIONWITHFREQUENTINACCURACIES(43)Thetranslationonlyreflectsabouthalfoftheoriginalpassagewithfrequenterrorsincomprehendingindividualwords,phrases,sentencesorideas.Thetranslationis,forthemostpart,readable.,评分标准,5.POORTRANSLATION(2-1)Thetranslationreflectslessthanhalfoftheoriginalpassage.Almostallsentencescontainerrors.Thetranslationisforthemostpartunreadable.,汉译英语言错误自查表,1.technicalterms:(1)spellingpunctuation-Run-onsentencespunctuationcapitalization-,ACheck-upListforErrors,汉译英语言错误自查表,1.technicalterms:(2)sentencestructure-grammarverb-tensevoicemoodorauxiliaryverbverbformnumber-reference-,汉译英语言错误自查表,2.expressionerrors:(1)words-wrongwordsnosuchwords(2)expressions-wrongexpressionnosuchexpressionusageerrorerrorincollocationawkward,汉译英语言错误自查表,2.expressionerrors:(2)expressions-wordyrepeatingnotclearinmeaningillogical(3)style-improperlyformalimproperlycolloquialimproperlyliterary,汉译英语言错误自查表,3.textualerrorserrorinrelationorwrongconnectionwrongorganizationoftheideaswrongstartingofanewparagraphabruptinrelation,(1)在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。(3)这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。(8)这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。(9)第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。,真题讲解：2004年汉译英,真题讲解：重复与替代,(8)开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜S1asyoustarteatingyouareinhunger,andwhenyouareinhungerchafftastessweetashoney汉语:重复手段(原词重现)英语:替代手段(同一词,近义词,上下义词,概括词),真题讲解：重复与替代,那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上,这样的晚上大部分人待在家里。Itwasoneofthosecold,weteveningswhenmostpeoplestayedindoors.e.g.开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜(参考译文)asyoustarteatingyouareinhunger,whenchafftastessweetashoney,真题讲解：重复与替代,(8)而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。S1:Evenchafftastessweetashoneywhenoneishungry,whereashoneydoesnttastesweetatallwhenoneisfull.S2:Forhungryonesordinaryfoodbecomesadeliciousoneasifitismixedwithhoney,howeverwhentheyarefull,evenhoneywillnottastesosweet.S3:Theleasttastefulfoodtastessweetwhenyourehungry,whilethesweetesthoneytastesnothingspecialwhenyourefull.(参考译文)Huskswilltastelikehoneywhenyouarehungry,andviceversa.,真题讲解：重复与替代,E.g.为了推动中美关系的发展,中国需要进一步了解美国,美国也需要进一步了解中国.TopromotethedevelopmentofChinaU.S.relations,ChinaneedstoknowtheUnitedStatesbetterandviceversa.,真题讲解：省略,(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。S1:Consequently,delightchangestoanger;praisechangestoblame;andnoddingheadchangestoshakinghead.S2:Consequently,satisfactionisswitchedintoanger,complimentintoblameandfastidiousness,andnoddingintoshakingoneshead.,真题讲解：省略,E.g.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.(F.Bacon:OfStudies)读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确.,真题讲解：省略,(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。(参考译文)Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraiseswouldtocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.Pts:英语常省略前面出现的词;汉语常重复这些词语.,真题讲解：省略,(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。Subjects,真题讲解：省略,(4)(你)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)(你)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。(6)(你)愈吃愈趋于冷静，(你)吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。(7)于是(你)转喜为怒，(你)转赞美为责备挑剔，(你)转首肯为摇头。,(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。S1:Startingtoeatthefirstdish,impressionisgood.Itsalsoverydeliciouswheneatingthefirsttwomaindishes.Havingfinisheditallthedisadvantagesarefoundout.Thenturnfromhappytoangry,praisetoblame,yestono.,真题讲解：省略,真题讲解：省略,(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。S2:Whenwebeginwiththefirstcourseortheappetizer,weareverypositivelyimpressed.Whenwecontinuewiththefirsttwomaincourses,wearealsofullofpraisesforthedishes.Yetwebecomelessandlessenthusiasticaswecontinuetoeat;andwhenthedinnerisover,alltheshortcomingshavebeenfoundout.Therefore,happinessturnsintoanger,praisesintocriticism,andhead-noddingintohead-shaking.,真题讲解：省略,(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。(7)于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。(参考译文)Youwillbenotonlyfavorablyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedinnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraiseswouldtocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.,(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。S1:Humanbeingsareinteresting.Whenitisthefirsttimeyoumeetaperson,youonlynoticehisorhermerits.S2:Peopleareinterestingandgetthefirstimpressionofhisorhermeritswhentheycommunicate.,真题讲解：衔接,(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。S3:Peopleareveryinteresting,forwhenfirstmeetingsomebody,theyusuallyfocusonhisorherstrongpoints.S4:Humanbeingsareveryinterestinginthatwhentheygetintocontactwithsomeonewhattheyfirstseeisoftenhisorhergoodpointsonly.,真题讲解：衔接,(2)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。(参考译文)Humanbeingsareinterestinginthattheytendtofirstseegoodinanewacquaintance.,真题讲解：衔接,(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。S1:Whenwebeginwiththefirsttwocourseortheappetizer,weareverypositivelyimpressed.Whenwecontinuewiththefirsttwomaincourses,wearealsofullofpraisesforthedishes.S2:Weareveryimpressedbythefirstdishorcolddishestobeginwith.Wewouldalsogiveendlesscomplimentsonthefirsttwoentrees.,真题讲解：衔接,(4)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。(5)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。S3:Thefirstdishorcolddishesleaveagoodimpression,andthefirsttwomaindishesarealsoappreciated.S:Youwillbenotonlyfavourblyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.,真题讲解：衔接,(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。S1:Yetthemoreweate,theclearerwebecame.Andafterdinnerwefoundoutalltheshortcomings.S2:Asthedinnergoeson,peopletendtobecalm.Afterfinishingit,theyhavefoundoutallthedefects.,真题讲解：衔接,(6)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。S3:Yetthemoreweeat,thesoberwebecome.Drawbacksareallfoundoutrightafterthebanquet.S:However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedinnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.,真题讲解：衔接,范畴词:表达行为,现象,属性等概念的词.e.g.HewasdescribedasimpressedbyDengsflexibility.译文:据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。人际关系问题:interpersonalrelation(problem)用餐的经验:dining(experience)饥饿状态:(astateof)hunger新鲜感:freshness(feeling),真题讲解：范畴词,categorywords,至于才子佳人等书Asforbooksofthebeauty-and-talentedtypeAndthe“boudoirromances”谋事在人,成事在天Manproposes,heavendisposes.Manproposes,Goddisposes.世人都晓神仙好。Allmenlongtobeimmortals.Allmenknowthatsalvationshouldbewon.,真题讲解：直译和意译,真题讲解：直译和意译,饿了吃糠甜加蜜。1.Inhungeronecantastehoneyinchaff.2.Hungeristhebestsource.转首肯为摇头。1.Noddingapprovalwillgivewaytohead-shaking.2.Agreementwillgivewaytodisagreement.3.Approvalwillgivewaytodisapproval.4.Positiveviewswillgivewaytonegativeviews.,真题讲解：直译和意译,新盖的茅房三天香。Anewly-builtlatrinesmellssweetinthefirst3days.Freshairdoesntlastlonginanewlatrine.Familiaritybreedscontempt.(亲不敬,熟生蔑;亲昵生狎侮;熟悉了就会觉得没有什么了不起的。),真题讲解：直译和意译,Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Humanbeingsareinterestinginthattheytendtofirstseegoodinanewacquaintance.Thisislikedininginarestaurant.Youwillbenotonlyfavorablyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedinnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraisestocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.Whataccountsforallthisis,inthefirstplace,youarehungrywhenyoustarttoeat.Asthesayinggoes,“hungeristhebestsource”,andviceversa.Andsecondly,unfamiliarity,ratherthanfamiliarity,breedsfreshnessinyouwhenyoustarttoeatinarestaurantnewtoyou,whichistheso-calledeffectofunfamiliarization.,参考译文,1.汉语:重复手段(原词重现)英语:替代手段(同一词,近义词,上下义词,概括词)2.英语常省略前面出现的词;汉语常重复这些词语.3.汉语隐性衔接;英语显性衔接.4.直译与意译5.范畴词(指行为,现象,属性等概念的范畴,是汉语常用的特指手段),真题讲解：Summary,