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Unit3Lifeinthefuture,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。1._kridn.四轮马车,车厢2._praivita.私人的n.士兵3._imprenn.印象4._rimaindv.提醒vt.提醒5._pri:vjsa.在.之前,以前的6._lkn.缺乏,v.缺乏,不足7._bendv.弯曲,屈服8._presn.新闻界,压力v.按,压9._swifta.快的ad.快速地10._m:stn.主人a.主人的v.征服,master,carriage,private,impression,remind,previous,lack,bend,press,swift,11._saitn.景观,眼界v.看见12._len.长度13._sistn.帮助,协助v.协助14._rikwaiv.需要,要求15._setlmntn.解决,殖民(地),居留地16._lukeinn.地点,位置17._knstnta.经常的n.常数18._sraundia.周围的n.环境19._ikstr:dinria.非常的,特别的20._switn.开关,转换v.转变,摆动,switch,sight,length,assist,require,settlement,location,constant,surrounding,extraordinary,二、单词运用根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Duetoanunexpectedemergency,wehadto_(length)ourstayinBeijingbythreedays.2.Howexcitingitistoworkinaspacestationwhichisdividedintozoneswith_(extraordinary)differentatmospheresandgravities!3.Thesehoveringcarriagesfloatabovethegroundandbybendingandpressingdownonthedrivingstickstronglyonecanmove_(swift).,lengthen,extraordinarily,swiftly,4.Asiswellknown,thekeytoprotectingthewildlifeistoprotectthenatural_(surround)inwhichtheylive.5.Ihaveto_(constant)rubmyeyestoremindmyselfthatIhavetraveledtotheyearAD3005.6.Thehotelremindedme_theonewherewestayedlastwinter.7.Thenewteachermadegoodimpression_thestudentsbyherrichknowledgeandhumoroustalk.,surroundings,constantly,of,on,8.Ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow_Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.9.Havingrecoveredfromtheterriblecaraccidentwiththedevotedcareofthenurse,sheis_(bend)onreturningtoworkassoonaspossible.10.Withallgifts_(wrap)beautifullyand_(place)undertheChristmastree,Motherandfathersmiledwithsatisfactionateachother.,what,bent,placed,wrapped,三、词语派生用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Ourcarbrokedownhalfwaydownthehighway,butthankstothe_(assist)ofanunknowntruckdriverwewerenotdelayedtoolong.2.Thepathbecomesvery_(mud)onrainydaysandmakesitdifficultforpeopletogoinorout.3.Thecompanyisunderincreasing_(press)toimprovepayandworkingconditions.,assistance,muddy,pressure,4.Astrikewascalledbecauselaborandmanagementcouldnotagreeupona_(settle).5.BelievingthatImetthe_(require)listedintheadvertisement,Iwrotealettertoapplyforaninterview.6.Witheightstudentslivinginonesmalldormitoryroom,youdonthavetoomuch_(private).7.Youllhavedirectaccesstoallavailablehotels,includingdetaileddescriptions;photosand_(locate)information.,settlement,requirements,privacy,location,8.Youmaywanttosaywhat_(impress)thebookleftyouwith,oremphasizewhatyouwantyourreadertoknowaboutit.9.ABluetoothwirelessconnectionforanMP3headset（头戴式耳机）isvery_(believe).10.Peoplearoundhimareusuallyinfectedbyhis_(optimistic).,impression,believable,optimism,四、词组互译将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._占据（空间、时间）；从事2._看不见3._给某人留下好印象4._朝各个方向5._结果；由于6._横扫，掠过；扫掉7._加速8._遭受9._瞥见,catchsightof,takeup,losesightof,makeagoodimpressiononsb.,inalldirections,asaresult(of),sweepup/away,speedup,sufferfrom,10.getbackononesfeet_11.assistsb.indoingsth._12.remindsb.ofsth._13.underrepair_14.haveanopportunitytodosth._15.innotime_,完全恢复，振作起来,帮助某人做某事,使某人想起,在维修中,有机会做某事,立刻，马上,五、词组运用根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。1.Theflight,intendedtohavearrivedat8oclock,wasdelayedfortwohours_fog.2.Ittookhim3yearsto_afterhismothersdeath,duringwhichtimehedidnothingbutworkandburyhimselfinhismemoriesofher.3.Thestory_me_myownchildhoodwhenIhadto_anumberofoddjobsto_mymother_keepingthewholefamilytogether.Luckily,withthefinancialsupportofadistantrelative,Ifinally_toenterateacherscollegeandlaterfoundajobinaprimaryschool.,hadanopportunity,asaresultof,getbackononesfeet,reminded,of,takeup,assist,in,4.Hiscalmnessandwisdom_histeammatessotheychosehimtobetheteamleader.5.Thechild_hismotherinthesuppermarket,worried,cryingbitterly.6.Pleasedontrushmeagainandagain;Illfinishit_.7.AstheSpringFestivalwasdrawingnear,thefactory_production,requiringalltheworkerstoworkovertime,inthehopeoffulfillingtheordersbeforetheholiday.,spedup,madeagoodimpressionon,lostsightof,innotime,8.Igotlostwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseofthepeopleflyingby_.9.Withasigh,shebentdown,pickedupthetoysonthefloor,andthen_alltherubbish.10.Trafficwillbedivertedwhiletheroadis_.,underrepair,inalldirections,sweptup,LanguageDataBank,Firstimpressions.,第一印象.,impressions:n.c印象;感想impressvt.我对他的印象很好.,Ihadaverygoodimpressionofhim.,givesb.afavourableimpressionmakeanimpressiononsb.,给某人以好印象给某人留下印象这演说给我们留下了深刻的印象.,Thespeechmadeastrongimpressiononus.,Theteacherimpresseduswithhissenseofhumour.,IstillcannotbelievethatIamtakingup.,(1)接受(建议或挑战),(2)对.产生兴趣Tomhastakenuppottery(陶艺).,(3)开始从事,开始承担,(4)着手处理,着手进行,(5)占去(时间或空间),Hetookupchallengewithcourage.,Hedecidedtophotographashiscareer.,Imgoingtotakethismatterupwithmylawyer.,Writingthepapertookupmostoftheweekend.,takeofftakeontakeouttakeovertakedowntakeintakeholdoftakesthbysurprisetakesthforsthtakeback,脱下,起飞,成功,雇佣,呈现,接受,拿出,去掉,扣除,接管,接任,占据,取下,记下,拆卸,接纳,吸收;领会,理解;欺骗,IhavetoremindmyselfconstantlythatIamreallyinAD3008,(1)constantlyadv.经常地，反复地constantadj.经常的，不变的，忠贞的老人的手不停的颤抖.,Theoldmanshandsshookconstantly.,Heisconstantlydisturbingme.,IamJaysconstantfanandsupporter.,Hehasbeenconstantinhisscientificresearch.,(2)remindvt.使记住,提醒;使想起;使记起,使某人想起某人/某事提醒某人做某事提醒某人.,请提醒他迟些吃药这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切.,Pleaseremindhimtotakethismedicinelater.,ThefilmremindedhimofwhathehadseeninChina.,HeedmethatIhadntwrittentoMother.,remindsb.ofsb./sth.remindsb.todosth.remindsb.that/what/how,Asaresult,Isufferedfrom“timelag”.,(1)asaresult因此,结果asaresultofresultfromresultin,由于起因于导致(=leadto),天下雪,因此她迟到了.,Itsnowed,asaresult,shewaslate.,(2)sufferfrom患(病)因.受困扰她为贫困所扰.,Shesuffersfrompoverty.,Shesuffersfromheadache,Thisissimilartothe“jetlag”yougetfromflying,butitseemsyoukeepgettingflashbacksfromyourprevioustimeperiod.这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你的脑子里似乎不断地闪现以前的时光。,flashback闪回；倒叙。,Theeventsinhishappyfamilylifewereshowninflashback.他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的。,“jetlag”喷气机飞行时差综合症。,tolerate容忍，忍受.,(2)surroundings专指自然环境,从周围的事物这一客体着眼.用复数.environment可指自然环境,也可指精神环境,均从环境对人的感受,道德观念的影响着眼.用单数.,eg:Theboygrewupinbeautifulsurroundingsbutnotinahappyhomeenvironment.,Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.,Wesimplycannottoleratecheatinginexams.我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为,(3)lackn.缺乏,不足,没有,他擅长于自己的工作,但似乎缺乏信心.,Heisgoodathisjobbutheseemstolackconfidence.,Ihaventfinishedthepaintingfor_oftime.A.lackB.shortC.needD.want,A,shortof是形容词短语.,Theyedthemoneytosendhimtouniversity.,v.缺乏,不足,没有,Iswordswithwhichtoexpressmythanks.,Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。,lackforlackofbelackinginhavenolackof,Helackscourage=Heislackingincourage.,Theplantsdiedforlackofwater.,Theylackedfornothing,butmoney.,achevi.pain泛指各种程度的疼痛,并常用来指精神上的痛苦.,Mybodyisallachesandpains.,Ifeltbetterinnotime.,innotimeatnotime,他们马上就回来.,Theywillbebackinnotime.,atoncenotatall,allthetimeatalltimesattimesforatimeforthetimebeingatatimeatonetime,一直随时,永远有时暂且,短时间内暂且依次,逐一,每次从前,SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagain,bebackononesfeet东山再起,Imbackonmyfeet.我已经好了（痊愈了）。Hecantwaittogetbackonhisfeet.他实在按耐不住了，想重振旗鼓。Isshebackonherfeet?她好了吗？,Thesecarriagesfloatabovethegroundandbybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmoveswiftly.,(1)bydoing常表方式,方法或手段.她靠卖报纸挣钱.,Sheearnedmoneybysellingnewspapers.,(2)bend使弯曲,屈身,她弯下腰捡起一块石头,Shebentdownandpickedupastone.,Touchyourtoeswithoutbendingyourknees.,集中(全力)于她专心致志于这项工作.,Shebenthermindtothejob.,(3)pressv./n.按,压,挤;新闻;逼迫,Hisheadwasbentoverabook.,Ipressedthebuttonbutnobodyansweredthedoor.,Theshoeispressingmytoe.,Timepresses.Makeupyourmind.,TheEnglish-ChineseDictionaryisinnow.,(4)swiftlyadv.迅速的,敏捷的swiftadj.,他沿着黑暗的街道迅速地走回家去.,辨析:swift侧重动作的轻快,顺利;rapid侧重事物的进展迅速,表示动作快可与swift互换;quick侧重动作的快,与swift可互换;fast侧重速度的快.,Hewalkedswiftlytowardshomedownthedarkstreet.,IlosesightofWangPinginalldirections,losesightof:看不见,忽视,失去联系,我和他完全失掉了联系.,Ihavelostsightofhimentirely.,catchsightofatfirstsightoutofsightin/withinsightatthesightof,看见乍一看看不到,在视野外看的见,在视野内一看见.,IcaughtsightofhergettingonthebuswhenIcameoutofthebookstore.,我从书店出来时看见她上了公共汽车.,(2)inalldirections向四面八方敌人向四面八方逃窜.,Theenemiesfledinalldirections.,Hewassweptupinto.,sweepup扫除,清扫,横扫,Shewaslefttosweepupaftertheparty.,Thestrongwindsweptuptheleavesintotheair.,12.Exhausted,Islidintobedand.,exhausted此处是形容词,作状语,表原因.,slidev.偷偷地移动;潜行;(使)滑动,船滑入水中.,Theshipslid(down)intothewater.,1.Thiskindofplantwilldieincontinuouslyrainy_.conditionB.surroundingC.environmentsD.surroundings2.Isawpeoplecoming_alldirectionstoattendtheKiteFlyingFestival.toB.ofC.inD.out3.Thesecretaryremindedme_therewasameetingthatafternoon.A.ofB.aboutC.thatD.on,D,C,C,Choosethebestanswer,4.Theywillbeastallasyousoonifthey_.keepongrowinglikethatB.keeptogrowlikeitC.keepgrowinglikethatD.willkeepgrowinglikethat5.Farmerscanincreasetheircorncropsthreetimessimply_wateringtheirfields.throughB.withC.byD.in6.TheremustbenolifeontheMarsfor_ofairthere.lackB.lackingC.shortD.empty,C,C,A,8.Catching_sightoftheirheadteachercoming,thestudentsfellsilencein_flash.the;theB./;aC.the;/D./;/9.Hegivespeopletheimpression_allhislifeabroad.ofhavingspentB.tohavespentC.ofbeingspentD.tospend,B,A,7.Astherearecarsandbusespassingby,Icouldnt_mymindtomystudy.A.bendB.putC.fixD.concentrate,A,Grammar,Pastparticiple(3)usedasAdverbial现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。,attention,过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间,原因,让步,结果,方式,条件等。,观察下列的句子:,Oncepublished,hisworks(=Oncehisworkswaspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.,PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。,过去分词作时间状语,1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.,2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.Seenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.,过去分词作原因状语,1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.,2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.,2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.,作方式或伴随情况状语,Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.,2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.lost表示一种迷失心理状态,1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,Summary,过去分词作状语:,过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动,例如:,Rewritewithproperconjunctions,1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfail.,Example:,2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.,4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.,6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays._,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.,Worriedaboutthejourney,2.Ifheisgiventime,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer._,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair._,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.,Giventime,Confusedbythenewsurroundings,4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense._,hebecametense.,Questionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,Findoutthesentenceswithsamemeaning.,1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.,2.WhileIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Confusedbythenewsurrounding,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.3.AsIwasexhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.,1.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.wefollowed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了),Compare,3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen,DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ather,hejumpedwithjoy._atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,CompleteeachsentenceusingthePastParticipleoftherightverb.,1)_bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,_bytwopolicemen.,frightentrapfollowshoot,Frightened,followed,3)If_inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although_intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.,trapped,shot,过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。,1.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。,分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:Heworkedasaworkerbuildingroads.(主动)=Heworkedasaworkerwho/thatbuiltroads.Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.(被动)=Thisisapicturewhichwaspaintedbymyfather.,Iknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.(在进行)=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.(已完成)=Theletterwhichwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.,过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupincountryvillages,hadneverseenatrain.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。,过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:,单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。,1.前置定语,被动意义：,anhonoredguest,一位受尊敬的客人,(受伤的工人)arenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.,B.完成意义,aretiredteacher,一位退休的教师,Theyarecleaning(落叶)intheyard.,Theinjuredworkers,thefallenleaves,2.后置定语,过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。,Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.=,Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=)toyourpartlastnight?,thathaseverbeenwritten,whohadbeeninvited,如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.,注意:,1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying,考点点拨,简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。,2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。,3.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。,4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。,5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritten。,另外,分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。,6.When_ifshewouldrequestarise,theactresssaidthatmoneywasnotimportant.A.askedB.askingC.havingaskedD.beingasked,7.YesterdayIsawinthenewspaperateachingpost_ataschoolclosetomyhomeandIwantedtoapplyforit.A.advertisesB.advertisingC.advertisedD.toadvertise,1.Ilikereadingthenovels_(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl_(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_(repair).,written,writing,repaired,Fillingintheblanks.,4.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_(paint)white.5.Therewasa_(surprise)lookonhisface.6.Hewas_(excite)atthegoodnews.7.Thestorywasso_(move)thathewas_(move)totears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(use)inthisway,thewordshouldntbetakenasaverb.2._(arm)withspecialguns,knivesandbrushes,twospacewalkingastronautspracticedfixingthespacecraft.3.Though_(catch)inatrafficjam,wemanagedtoarriveattheairport.,Used,Armed,caught,4.Susanisnoteasytogetalongwith.Butonce_(gain),herfriendshipwilllastforever.5.Henrydidntattendtheparty_(hold)atTomshouselastnight,forhewasbusypreparingforhisexam.,gained,held,
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