资源描述
1upset adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不舒服的 vt.(upsettingupsetupset)使苦恼，使不安；搅乱，打乱；使肠胃不适；弄翻；打翻 归纳拓展 (1)be upset about/over/at sth.为某事烦心 (2)(sth.)upset sb.(某事)使某人心烦意乱 (sb.)upset sth.(某人)打/弄翻某物 upset a plan打乱计划,upset ones stomach使(肠胃)不适 Theres no point getting upset about it. 犯不着为此事难过。 The sudden change of the weather upset our plan. 天气突变打乱了我们的计划。 Eating fish sometimes upsets my stomach. 有时吃鱼让我的胃很不舒服。 It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. 让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。,【链接训练】 The protesters _ the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows. Aattended Bheld Cupset DMixed 【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意为：抗议者们通过大喊和朝窗户扔石头的方式扰乱了会议。attend“参加”；hold“举行”；upset“扰乱，打乱”；mix“混合”，根据句意可知正确答案为C项。 【答案】 C,2ignore vt. 不理睬；不顾；忽视 归纳拓展 (1)ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事 (2)ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；(对某事)缺乏认识 be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事 归纳拓展 (3)ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的；没有学识的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事/对某事无知 be ignorant that.不知道 He ignores the doctors advice and goes on smoking. 他不顾医生的劝告而继续吸烟。,I tried to tell her but she ignored me. 我打算告诉她，可是她不理我。 Hes completely ignorant about modern technology. 他对现代科技一无所知。 He is in ignorance of Latin.He is ignorant of Latin. 他不懂拉丁文。,【链接训练】 The best way to deal with an impolite person is to _ him. Aignore Bneglect Comit Doverlook 【解析】 ignore sb.“不理睬某人”，符合题意。neglect “忽略”；omit “省略”；overlook “忽略”。 【答案】 A,3concern (1)vt.与有关，涉及；使担心(不能用于进行时，但可以用于被动语态) It is hoped that the department concerned must deal with the matter immediately. 希望有关部门立刻处理此事。 (2)n.U关心；担忧；C关心的人(或)事 The government expressed their concern for the life of the laidoff workers. 政府表达了他们对下岗工人生活的关心。,归纳拓展 (1)concern oneself with/in从事，参与，干涉 concern oneself about/for.担忧，关心 concern sb./sth.与有关；关系着 (2)concerned adj.关心的，挂念的；有关的(用作此义时，不用于名词前) as/so far as.be concerned就而言，关于，至于 be concerned with/in与有关的，涉及到 be concerned about/for关心，挂念,(3)feel/show concern about/for.担心，挂念 He doesnt concern himself with politics. 他不关心政治。 Rescuers were concerned about the safety of the men trapped in the quakestricken area. 救援者们担心困在地震灾区的人们的安全。 She showed great concern about you.她很为你担心。,【链接训练】 Every Chinese was_the 16th Asian Games _in Guangzhou. Aconcerning about；to be held Bconcerned about；to hold Cconcerning about；to hold Dconcerned about；held 【解析】 空一考查be concerned about “关心；挂念”；空二考查过去分词作定语，广州举办第16届亚运会是过去发生的事情，因此用held作后置定语，故选D。 【答案】 D,(3)sufferer n患病者，受苦者 suffering n(指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦，疼痛 She has been suffering from loss of memory since she had that car accident.那次车祸后她患了失忆症。 He suffered a great deal from headaches. 他头痛得厉害。 Though he is only 15，he suffers much pain. 尽管他才15岁，却遭受了很多痛苦。,【链接训练】 Now there are still some people in the west of China_ poverty. Asuffered Bsuffered from Csuffering Dsuffering from 【解析】 suffer作及物动词时，意为“遭受，蒙受，经历”，后常跟pain/loss/defeat及表示疾病的名词。suffer作不及物动词时，意为“受折磨”，常与from构成短语。此处是现在分词短语作定语，意为“在中国的西部仍然有很多人处于贫困之中”。 【答案】 D,The new plant cannot _ the cold weather，so the researchers are trying to deal with it. Asuffer for Bsuffer Clong for Dsuffer from 【解析】 此处表示“耐受寒冷天气”，故应用 suffer。long for 意为“盼望”；suffer from意为“忍受来自的痛苦”。 【答案】 B,5disagree v不同意；不一致 归纳拓展 (1)disagree with sb.about/on sth.与持不同意见 disagree with sb.(尤指食物)使(某人)不舒服 disagree with (doing) sth.不赞成(做)某事 (2)disagree 的反义词是 agree，二者用法相近。 agree with同意；(气候、食物等)适合某人 agree to.赞成；同意计划、建议或条件等 agree on.就取得一致意见和看法,(3)disagree 与 agree 的名词形式分别为：disagreement，agreement arrive at/come to/reach/make/conclude an agreement 达成协议；取得一致意见 keep to/stick to an agreement 履行、遵守协议 break an agreement 违背协议 I disagree with you about this. 在这一点上我和你意见不一致。 Strawberries disagree with me.我一吃草莓就不舒服。,I am in total disagreement with you as to the value of your plan.对于你计划的价值我的看法与你的完全两样。 They have agreed to my suggestion about the holiday. 他们已同意了我关于度假的建议。 They have made an agreement about the plan. 他们在这个计划上达成了一致。,【链接训练】 I disagree _ them _ most things. Awith；to Bwith；on C不填；on Dwith；to 【解析】 disagree with sb.on sth.意为“在某事上与某人持不同意见”。句意为：在大多数事情上，我和他们所持观点不同。 【答案】 B,An agreement _ by the villagers _ the manager of that company.A new car factory will soon be set up. Ahas been made；to Bhas been signed；with Chas asked；after Dwas signed；at 【解析】 sign an agreement意思是“签署协议”，为固定搭配。表示“与某人签署协议”，用sign an agreement with sb.。 【答案】 B,1add up 合计 归纳拓展 (1)add.to.加；往里添加 add to增加 add.in.把加进去；包括 add up to总计为；总数达(不用于被动语态) add that.补充说,归纳拓展 (2)addition n加法；增加；增添 in addition另外；加之 in addition to此外；除之外 Please add up and see how much money we can get. 把这些数字加起来，看我们能赚多少钱。 The numbers add up to exactly 100. 这些数字的总数恰好是100。,The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea. 轮船的引擎失灵了，糟糕的天气更增加了海上船员的无助。 Remember to add in the cost of drinks. 记得把饮料费加进去。,【链接训练】 Now there is no time left for _ new stories because the time for printing has come. Aadding Badding up Cadding up to Dadding to 【解析】 考查动词add及其相关短语。句意为：现在没有时间再添加新故事了，因为到印刷的时间了。add“增加，增添”，符合题意。短语add to也是“增添，增加”之意，但后面常接抽象名词，如difficulty，pleasure等。 【答案】 A,I cant believe it！The money John spent within a month _ more than 10,000 dollars. Aadded Badded to Cadded up to Dwas added up 【解析】 add up to意为“共计，总计”，符合题意。 【答案】 C,2get along with与相处；进展(get on with) get along/on with sb.同某人相处 get along/on with sth.某事进展/进行 All the students in this class are getting along/on with each other very well.这个班级的同学们相处很融洽。 How is he getting along/on with his French? 他的法语进展如何？ 注意：当表示相处融洽、进展顺利时，可以在along或on后面加上well，nicely，fine等副词来修饰。,归纳拓展 get across使通过，使理解/明白 get around/about(消息)传开；旅行 get away from摆脱；离开 get down to开始着手做 get in收割；到达 get on上车 get off下车 get over克服，摆脱 get rid of除去 get together聚会，联欢,【链接训练】 Mr.Wang is a person who is easy _. Ato get along with Bto get along Cto be gotten along Dgetting along with 【解析】 考查get along with的用法。在定语从句中，介词with和主语构成介宾关系，此处用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 【答案】 A,With her help I can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. Aget over Bget in Cget along Dget through 【解析】 get along/on其后加well，nicely，badly等表示同某人相处得(不)好；某事进展得(不)顺利。 【答案】 C,3go through (1)experience 经历，经受 (2)study or examine closely 仔细检查 (3)use up or get through 用完；做完 (4)read through 浏览，查阅 (5)pass(through)/get through 通过；经过 归纳拓展 get through 穿过，(被)通过；完成；(电话)接通 pass through 走过，路过 live through 经历,look through 浏览；仔细查看，看穿 pull through(大病，手术后)康复 注意：与 through 有关的短语都有“从开始到结束，从头至尾”的含义。 They went through one hardship after another. 他们经历了一个又一个的磨难。 In less than 6 months，he went through his savings of a lifetime.不到6个月他就把一生的积蓄花光了。 I am used to going through newspapers after supper. 我习惯晚饭后看会儿报纸。,【链接训练】 Those who have_floods and sandstorms know the importance of environmental protection. Agone through Bgone over Cgone across Dgone down 【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：那些经历过洪水和沙尘暴的人们知道环境保护的重要性。go through 此处表示“经历，经受”，符合语境。go over “复习”；没有go across这一搭配；go down “下去，下沉”。 【答案】 A,He was disappointed that his plan did not _ at the meeting. Ago on Bgo off Cgo through Dgo out 【解析】 go on“继续进行”；go off“离开；爆炸”；go through“经历，经过”，在此句中是“(法律、议案、建议等)被通过”。go out“出去；熄灭”。 【答案】 C,4join in参加，加入 同类辨析 join，join in，take part in，attend与participate (1)join表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等某一组织或团体并成为其中一员，如join the army/club参军/加入俱乐部。 (2)join in表示“参加正进行的某项活动”，亦可说join sb.in (doing) sth.，表示“加入某人一起做某事”。,(3)take part in表示“参加会议或者群众性活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如take (an active) part in a party/school activities (积极)参加聚会/学校活动。 (4)attend表示“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼；上课、上学、听报告”，为正式用语。 (5)participate为正式用语，和介词in连用，表示积极地参与。 My brother joined the army three years ago. 三年前，我弟弟参军了。,I invite him to join us in the argument between us. 我邀请他参加我们的辩论。 How many countries took part in the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou? 有多少国家参加了第16届广州亚运会？ Well attend an important meeting tomorrow. 我们明天将参加一个重要会议。 We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college. 我们想鼓励学生完全参与学院的管理工作。,【链接训练】 用 join，join in，take part in，attend 填空 At the age of eight，he _ a group of child dancers. The children _ the English Evening and had a good time. He didnt _ school yesterday because of illness. Zhou Enlai _ the student movements actively when he was at school. 【答案】joined joined in attend took part in,5While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗时，你太粗心，狗一松就被车撞上了。 (1)在本句中While walking.等同于While you were walking.。 (2)状语从句构成省略的条件： 当时间、条件或让步状语从句中的主语同主句主语一致或从句主语为it且从句的谓语动词有be (am/is/are/was/were)时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。,(3)类似的连词还有：when, though, as, if, unless等。 While (he was) working, he stopped to talk with me at times. 工作的时候，他不时地停下来和我说话。 Unless (it is) repaired, the machine is of no use. 这台机器如不修便毫无用处。 The women teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry. 这位女教师一言不发地离开教室，好像生气了。,诱导展望 如果主从句的主语不一致，从句不能用省略形式，而应使用状语从句的完整形式。例如： When the driver saw the stone, he stopped the car.【正】 当司机看到石头时把车停下了。 When seeing the stone, the driver stopped the car. 【正】 When seeing the stone, the car stopped.【误】,【链接训练】 _， the disease diphtheria(白喉) will produce a powder poison that will kill the patient. AIf it untreated BIf is untreated CIf being untreated DIf untreated 【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。该句的完整形式为：If the disease diphtheria(白喉) is untreated, the disease.，当主从句主语一致且从句中含有be时，可将从句的主语与be省略。因此答案为D项。 【答案】 D,6.I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账 as引导的从句为方式状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。 as用作连词，可引导下列状语从句： (1)时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动作与从句谓语动作的同时性。 (2)让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”。 (3)方式状语从句，意为“以方式”。,(4)原因状语从句(since/because)，意为“由于，因为”。 (5)比较状语从句。 注意： (1)as引导方式状语从句，应放在主句之后，意为“正如；如同；好像”。 (2)as引导让步状语从句，一般放在主句前面，需用倒装语序：从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。,(3)as作关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句所表达的整个意思。 as 引导限制性定语从句，用于先行词前有such或the same 修饰时，as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 as 引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入句中指代整个主句的内容，而不是主句中的一个词。 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.(引导时间状语从句) 随着他变老，除了园艺，他对一切都失去了兴趣。,Young as I am，I already know what career I want to follow.(引导让步状语从句) 尽管很年轻，我已经知道我要追求什么样的事业。Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to？(引导方式状语从句) 你为什么没照我说的那样赶上最后一班公交车？ As you werent there，I left a message.(引导原因状语从句)你不在那儿，所以我留了个口信。 He was conscious，as could be judged from his eyes.(引导非限制性定语从句) 他是有意识的，这从他的眼神里可以判断出来。,【链接训练】 How are you doing all these years, Jim? Nothing new. Everything is going on_it was ten years ago. Aas Bwhile Cwhen Dwhere 【解析】 as it was ten years ago “像十年前的样子”。as 在此引导方式状语从句。 【答案】 A,All morning _ she waited for the medical report from the doctor，her nervousness grew. Awhile Bwhen Cas Dbefore 【解析】 此处用 as 引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动作与从句谓语动作的同时性。 【答案】 C,_，he does get annoyed with her sometimes. AAlthough much he likes her BMuch although he likes her CAs he likes her much DMuch as he likes her 【解析】 考查as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装形式。although在引导让步状语从句的时候，句子不倒装，though引导的句子可倒装可不倒装，as引导的句子一定要倒装。Although/Though he likes her very much.Much though he likes her.Much as he likes her.。 【答案】 D,(2)“介词with宾语宾语补足语”构成的复合结构在句子中通常作状语，表示时间、伴随、行为方式、原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作后置定语。 She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地跑，汗珠顺着脸流了下来。 With all the things she needed bought，she went home happily.买了需要的所有东西后，她高兴地回家了。,He often sleeps with the windows open. 他经常开着窗户睡觉。 The young mother came downstairs with her baby boy in her arms.What a lovely picture! 年轻的母亲怀抱男婴走下楼梯，这是多么美好的一幅画面啊！ With nothing to do，Tom sleeps at home. 由于无事可做，汤姆在家睡觉。,【链接训练】 They usually give the show in the open，with the villagers _ on benches，chairs or simply stones. Ahaving seated Bseating Cseated Dbeing seated 【解析】 考查“withn.非谓语动词”结构。with the villagers.在此处作伴随状语，表示状态。seat的用法为seat sb.或sb. be seated，故选C项。 【答案】 C, _ only 20 minutes to go before the train left，I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. AFor BWith CAs DBecause 【解析】 此处考查“with名词动词不定式”的复合结构。for，as，because均可表示原因，后面跟从句，用在本题中不合题意。故选B项。 【答案】 B,直接引语和间接引语(一) 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。 一、把直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意以下变化： 1主句谓语动词的变化 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词部分said to sb.要变为told sb.。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词said要变为asked。,2从句语序的变化 直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 3从句时态的变化 主句的谓语动词是过去时，变为间接引语一般应将直接引语的时态作如下变化： 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时,4从句人称的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，需要根据主句对从句中的代词作相应的变化。 (1)直接引语是第一人称时，变为间接引语代词要和主句的主语的人称一致。 (2)直接引语是第二人称时，变为间接引语代词要和主句的宾语的人称一致。 (3)直接引语是第三人称时，变为间接引语代词的人称不变。,5从句时间状语的变化 (1)与现在有关的时间状语 now现在then当时，那时 today今天that day那天 tonight今晚that night那天晚上 this morning今天早上that morning那天早上 (2)与将来有关的时间状语 tomorrow明天the next (following) day第二天 next week下周the next week第二周 the day after tomorrow后天in two days time/two days later两天后,(3)与过去有关的时间状语 yesterday昨天the day before前一天 last night昨晚the night before前一晚 last week上周the week before前一周 6指示代词和动词的变化 this这that那 these这些those那些come来go去 bring带来take拿走 7地点副词的变化 here这里there那里,二、把直接引语变为间接引语时，还应注意以下特殊情况： 1句型变化的特殊情况 (1)直接引语为陈述句时，下列情况中的that不可省略： 当宾语从句作直接宾语时 当宾语从句置于主句状语之后时 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个that，其余的不可省略 (2)直接引语为一般(或反意)疑问句时，变为间接引语时，宾语从句由whether或if引导。在大多数情况下，whether与if可以互换。但当后面有or not或是放在不定式前面或介词后面作连接词时，一般用whether。选择疑问句只能用whether。,(3)直接引语是祈使句时，常变为ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.句型。若是以lets开头的祈使句，则通常变为suggest doing或suggestthat从句。 2时态变化的特殊情况 (1)若直接引语表示客观真理、习惯性动作、谚语等时，则仍用一般现在时。 (2)should，would，could，ought to，must，had better，would rather等情态动词用于间接引语时保持不变。 (3)直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语时，变间接引语时态不变。,【链接训练】 Could you tell me _ ? Awhat your name was Bwhat is your name Cwhat your name is Dhow is your friend 【解析】 宾语从句应使用陈述语序，且主句中的could不表过去时态，而是表委婉语气。 【答案】 C,She told Tom _ make the same mistake again. Ahe cant Bdont to Cto not Dnot to 【解析】 tell sb.not to do sth.是tell sb.to do sth.的否定形式。 【答案】 D After the examination，my teacher told me that failure _ the mother of success. Awas Bis Cbe Dbeen 【解析】 表示“真理，事实，谚语”的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，通常为一般现在时。 【答案】 B,My students asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next year. Athat if Bthat whether Cif Dhow 【解析】 主从句中仅有一个从句，that，if/whether都是连接词，不能并用，可排除A、B项。又因为句中的by air已明确说出了方式，所以也不用how，可排除D，此处if引导宾语从句。 【答案】 C,I didnt tell him _. Ahow long I have married Bwhen I had been married Chow long I had married Dwhen I got married 【解析】 因为marry是短暂动词，所以选项A、C表述错误。又因为when引导的从句变间接引语时，从句的时态不变，不需要改为过去完成时，所以选D。 【答案】 D,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
展开阅读全文