资源描述
语法专题（十三）宾语从句和定语从句,PARTTWO,第二篇语法突破篇,【中考考点】（1）宾语从句的引导词、时态和语序。（2）定语从句的意义理解。（3）关系词的正确理解和运用。,考点一引导词,1.在that引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。Theradiosays（that）itwillraintomorrow.收音机报道明天要下雨。2.连接代词which,what,who等或副词how,where,why,when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语时,从句要用陈述语序。Couldyoutellmetoyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?,whathesaid,3.whether或if引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语时,从句要用陈述语序。IwonderyouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。注意下列几种情况通常使用whether:（1）具有选择意义且又有or或ornot,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether;（2）介词之后用whether;（3）不定式前用whether。,if/whether,考点二时态,1.当主句为现在时态时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从不限）Irememberhemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。HehastoldmethatheforNewYorktomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2.当主句为过去时态时,从句要用相应的过去时态。（主过从过）WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我们问琼那时正在做什么。3.当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。（客观真理永不变）Lisaaskedwhetherlightfasterthansound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。,gave,willleave,travels/goes,考点三语序,宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即:主语+谓语+其他。Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我想知道它是真是假。Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?你能告诉我火车什么时候离开吗?1.陈述句改为宾语从句时,语序不变。Heisagoodchild.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid（that）hewasagoodchild.老师说他是个好孩子。,2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,语序改为陈述语序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.Iwonderif/whether.我想知道他工作是否努力。Whendidheleave?Idontknow.Idontknowwhenheleft.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。注意宾语从句与简单句的转换:由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+todo”结构的简单句。IdontknowwhatIshouldsay.Idontknowwhat.我不知道要说什么。,tosay,heworkshard,考点一关系代词的基本用法,引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that。关系代词的基本用法:,考点二关系代词的特殊用法,that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。1.下列情况只能用that（1）先行词为不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,anything,none,nothing等时。All（that）youhavetodoistopracticeeveryday.你要做的就是每天练习。Thereisntmuch（that）Icando.我能做的不多。（2）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。Thefirstlesson（that）Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。Thisisthebestfilm（that）Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。（3）先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时。Ihavereadallthebooks（that）yougaveme.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。,（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时。ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。ThisistheverybookIwanttoread.这就是我想看的那本书。（5）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那边的那个人是谁?Whichofusthatknowsomethingaboutphysicsdoesntknowthis?在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?,that,（6）先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingswecouldremember.我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。（7）time作先行词且前面有序数词或last修饰时,定语从句用that来引导（that可省略）;如果没有序数词或last修饰时,既可用when也可用that来引导。Thisisthelasttime（that）Ishallgiveyoualesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。Thefirsttime（that）Isawhimwasin1972.我第一次见到他是在1972年。,that,2.下列情况只能用which（1）关系代词作介词的宾语时,用“介词+which”结构。Thisisthebookforyouask.这是你要的书。（2）引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本我已经读了三遍的小说很感人。,which,考点三关系副词的用法,1.2018河北Hi,Ken.DidMrs.Zhangtellus?Yes.Shesaidweshouldmeetthereatnine.A.whichwasthewaytothestationB.whyweshouldmeetatthestationC.whenweshouldgettothestationD.whoweshouldmeetatthestation2.2016河北Implanningatriptothebeachtomorrow,butstillcantdecide.A.whereImgoingB.howImgoingC.whyImplanningD.whenImplanning3.2015河北Couldyoutellme?Talkingaboutfestivals.A.howtheyareplayingB.whattheyaredoingC.wheretheyaregoingD.whytheyarepracticing,C,B,B,4.2014河北Ihavesometicketsforthebasketballmatch.Iwonder.A.whereyoubuytheticketsB.whyyouliketogothereC.ifyoudliketocomealongD.whenyouwatchthematch5.2013河北Ifyoucantfindtheplace,Iwillshowyou.A.whatitisB.whatitwasC.whereitisD.whereitwas6.2018秦皇岛青龙一模Iwonder.Yes,ofcourse.A.whywewillvisitthismuseumB.whenwewillgettothemuseumC.whetherthemuseumisworthvisitingD.whatwecanseeinthemuseum,C,C,C,7.2018定兴二模Couldyoutellme?Oh,Imnotsure.Probablyat3:00.A.wherewecangoB.whywewillgoC.whenwewillgoD.howwecango8.2018石家庄裕华区一模Inourlife,wedontalwaysknow.A.whatwillhappentomorrowB.whowillwemeettomorrowC.ifcanwebesuccessfultomorrowD.howtodowiththeproblemstomorrow9.2018唐山丰南区二模Whatdidyousaytomejustnow?Thereistoomuchnoise.Iwondered.A.whatrulesyouhadinyourschoolB.howyoucometoschoolC.wheredidyouhavelunchD.whatsizebowlofnoodleswouldyoulike,C,A,A,10.2018唐山路南区二模IntheUK,awomanusuallydoesntliketobeasked.A.whendidshegetmarriedB.whatisherageC.wheredoesshecomefromD.howmuchsheweighs,D,.英译汉1.Iwanttoknowifthespeechisworthlisteningto.2.Pleasetakewhattheteachersaidseriously.3.Idontthinkhewillsaynotoouraskinghimforhelp.4.Youdonotwinrespectbyshowingwhoyouare,butwhatyoureabletodo.5.Couldyoutellmehowlongsuchcoldweatherwilllast?,我想知道这个演讲是否值得一听。,请认真对待老师所说的话。,我认为他不会拒绝我们的求助。,你不是通过你是“谁”赢得尊重,而是通过你能做什么。,你能告诉我如此寒冷的天气将持续多久吗?,6.IlikemusicwhichIcandanceto.7.Ilookuptothepolicemanwhohashelpedmeout.8.Webelievethatsuccessalwaysbelongstothepeoplewhoneversay“giveup”.9.Ireallylikethefamilyphotowhichwastakenonmygrandpas80thbirthday.10.Sheoftenparkshercarnearthehousewhichshecaneasilygetto.,我喜欢能随着跳舞的音乐。,我崇敬那位帮我摆脱困境的警察。,我们认为成功总是属于这些永不言败的人。,我真的很喜欢我们在爷爷80岁生日时拍的这张照片。,她总是把车停在她很容易到达的房子旁边。,
展开阅读全文