如何正确使用过去分词的用法.ppt

过去分词的用法,现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成,分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。,1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。(1)Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2)Heisretired.他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。(3)Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山。,过去分词作表语,【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用-ing形式来修饰物。(3)ThebookisinterestingandIminterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。,过去分词作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。,3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。,过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语:过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。【注意】written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。(2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidnthearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。,2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。(1)Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时。）(2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）,3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caughtinaheavyrain为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)(2)Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(growninrichsoil为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.,【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语,如when，while等。例如：Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。4.过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。,表示时间,Seenfromthetopofthehill，ourcitylookssurroundedinthefogWhenitisseenfromthetopofthehill，ourcitylookssurroundedinthefog从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。Oncepublished，thedictionarywillbeverypopularOnceitispublished，thedictionarywillbeverypopular一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。,拓展:,有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：Whencompleted，thisrailwaywilllinkmanyindustrialcitiestoaseaport这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。Whentoldtogototheteachersoffice，thegirlbegantocry当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。,表示原因:Tiredoutbyhardwork，hesoonfellasleepSincehewastiredoutbyhardwork，hesoonfellasleep由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。,表示条件:Givenmoretime，wewouldcertainlyhavefinishedthejobmuchbetterIfwehadbeengivenmoretime，wewouldcertainlyhavefinishedthejobmuchbetter要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。Beatenbytheoppositeteam，theplayerswerenotdiscouragedThoughtheywerebeatenbytheoppositeteam，theplayerswerenotdiscouraged虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。,表示伴随:Theprofessorsatthere，surroundedbyalotofstudents教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。Hecameback，utterlyexhausted他回来时疲惫不堪。,过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）(2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）,2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)Illhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。,（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）,“with宾语过去分词”结构“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。,1_time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvited,D,C,A,4_,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroduced,A,B,6Thereseemedtobenothing_todobut_forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7_everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohide,C,D,作介词but,expect,besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to,8.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.,following,followingB.followed,followedC.following,followedD.followed,following,9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse_afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell_careofinthenursery.,looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking,C,B,10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.,beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied,11._moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven,D,A,1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying,考点点拨,简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。,2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。,3.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。,4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。,5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritten。,例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。,LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。,2.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded,高考链接,A,解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。,3.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。,4.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/thatsmellssweet。,Practice,1.Didyouattendthemeeting_yesterday?tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheldDoyouknowthenameoftheplay_inthehallnow?tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonIborrowedabook_byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite4.Pleasedontforgethim.Heisoneof_.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthose,C,B,A,A,3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB,4.When_intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken,5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun,6.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03北京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring,9._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01全国夏)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered,10.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using11.Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02京皖春)A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying,12.TheEmperorsNewClothes,isan_text.Allofusare_init.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited,13.Sheaskedifthereisanything_fortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning,15._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen,16._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving,17.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted,20.Ifoundacar_inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick,