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WritingSkills,Back,图表作文,ASampleComposition,TheChangesinSomething,1.Whatarethechanges,2.Whatarethecauses,3.Whataretheeffectsortrends,Back,WritingSkills,UsefulExpressions,AssignmentsforWriting,Bargraph/chart,Curvegraph/chart,Piegraph/chart,Table,2002.6,Topic:StudentUseofComputersBaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegiven.1下图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2请说明发生这些变化的原因（可以从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,Averagenumberofhoursastudentspendsoncomputerperweek,Hours/week,Year,图表作文的基本写作要求,充分利用图表中的信息，把握文字和说明，找出图表所要表达的主题。仔细分析图表提供的信息加以比较和归纳，选出具有代表意义的信息。避免过多引用。通过对图表的分析，进行概括性的评论（变化趋势和造成原因）的说明，最后得出结论。,写作技巧,分三段：引言段、正文段和结论段引言段：引出话题、说明图表所反映的总体情况。正文段：对具体数字进行分析比较，归纳出增减速度发展趋势和原因等。结论段：对图表所反映的主题发表评论（个人看法、展望、预测等）,惯用词汇1,表示“图表”Table,diagram,graph,chart表示“显示”Show,demonstrate,indicate表示“数据”Statistics,figures,(statistical)data表示“比例”rate,ratio,percentage,proportion表示“数量”figure，number，amount表示“分别/各自”respectively表示程度Sharply,drastically,dramatically,approximately,slowly,表示“上升/下降”:increase;rise;goup/decrease;fall;godown表示“上升/下降到多少”increase;rise;goup/decrease;fall;godownto表示“上升/下降了多少”increase;rise;goup/decrease;fall;godownby表示“从.上升/下降到”fromto表示“呈上升/下降趋势”beontherise/declinetendtogoup/rise/increasetendtogodown/fall/decrease,惯用表达和句型2,表示“某时发生某事”(time)see/witness表示时间跨度(overtheperiod)fromto/betweenandduringthepastyears/decades表示“在数量/比例方面占”accountfor/makeup,惯用表达和句型3,表示“某时发生某事”(time)see/witness表示“如图表所示”Accordingtothetable/graph/chart,+从句As(is)shown/indicated/illustratedinthetable/graph/chart,+从句Ascanbeseenfromthetable/graph/chart,+从句Thetable/graph/chartshows/indicates/illustratesthat+从句,惯用表达和句型4,惯用表达和句型5,TheratioofAtoBisThenumberincreased(decreased)byFromthetable/graph,itisobvious/apparentthatthenumberofXXXXhasbeenonthedecline/increaseoverthepastfewyears.Thelastfewyearswitnessedadrastic/dramaticincrease/decreaseinthenumberofhoursthatcollegestudentsspendoncomputers.Therapidincreasegrowth/decline/changeofXXXXcanbeattributedtovariousfactors.,惯用表达和句型6,Takeacarefullookatthetable,andwewillfindAsindicatedbytheresultsofasurveyFromallthefactsgivenabove,wecanconcludethatAfteracarefulanalysisofthedata,wecandrawthefollowingconclusion.Asaresultofcarefulobservationandanalysis,atentativeconclusionasfollowscanbereached.,图表概述或描述中常用的句型,1.Asisshownbythegraph,（概述图表）inthetable.正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。Asisshownbythegraph,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthepopulationofthecountryinthepastfiveyears.,2.Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat（得出结论）showngraphconcludedfiguresestimatedstatistics从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。FromthestatisticsgiveninthetableitcanbeseenthattheaveragepersonalincomeoftheChinesepeopleincreased(grew、rose)rapidlyfrom1985to1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。ItcanbeconcludedfromthegraphthattherehasbeenagreatdeclineinbirthratesinChinainthepastfiveyears.,3.increase/risefromto（数量增减）decrease/decline/fall/dropfromtoA这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。ThenumberofcolorTVsetsproducedbythefactoryincreased(rose,grew,climbed)from5000in1986to21000in1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。Thenumberofparticipantsgrewupto300000persons=increased,reaching300000persons).C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhasdecreasedto700persons.,4.（be）threetimesas+形容词+as总产量totaloutput钢的年产量theannualoutputofsteel上升17%-riseby17percent日产量thedailyoutput导致产量下降resultinadiminishedoutput现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。Thegrainproduction(=output)inourareanowisthreetimesasgreatasthatof1970.,5.amountto（数量总计）addupto/cometo/sumupto全部费用合计200美元。Alltheexpenses(costs)amountto(=addupto)$200.6.Comparedwith,与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Comparedwiththatoflastyear,theoutputof13mainproducts(=items)thisyearhasincreasedtoagreatextent.,7.rate,ratio,percent,percentage,proportion表示比例数词+percent+of+sth;2percentoftheapplesThepercentageof+sth+is+数词,Thepercentageofthestudentsis46.Theunemploymentrateisrisinginthatcountry.那个国家的失业率正在上升Theratioofstudentstoteachersis35:1学生和老师的比率是三十五比一。Thecarwasgoingattherateof60milesanhour.汽车以每小时六十英里的速度行驶。Theproportionofimportstoexportsisworryingthegovernment.进出口的比例令政府担忧。Alargeproportionofthecountryisdesert.这个国家的大部分地方是沙漠。,如图所示，从2003年到2007年5年间，私家车拥有者所占比例上升了55%/呈上升趋势。,Asillustratedinthechart,theproportionoftheownersofprivatecarshasincreasedby55%/isontheriseduringthefiveyearsfrom2003to2007.,在最近5年中，2007年私家车拥有者的所占比例最大。(witness),Theyearof2007witnessesthebiggestproportionoftheownersofprivatecarsintherecentfiveyears.,2003年和2007年中国私家车拥有者所占比例分别为10%和65%。(accountfor,respectively),In2003and2007,theownersofprivatecarsaccountfor10%and65%respectivelyinChina.,AnExample:StudentUseofComputer1,Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost5hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.,Obviouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmore(increasingly)popular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis(thepopularity).First,(Firstofall,Aboveall)computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.,However,therestillexistsomeproblems,suchaspoorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyingisalsoaseriousproblem.Anyhow,westillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.(AndIamfirminmybeliefthatinthefuture,youngstudentswillmakemoreeffectiveuseofcomputerstobenefitthemselves.),Theabovechartshowsthatthestudentshaveeasieraccesstocomputers.In1990,collegestudentsspentlessthantwohoursinaweekoncomputers.In1995,thenumberdoubledandcametonearlyfour,andthenincreaseddramaticallytoalmost20hoursin2000.,AnExample:StudentUseofComputer2,Severalreasonsaccountforthechange.Firstofall,weareintheinformationagetoday.Computersareusefulineditinganddataprocessing;theymakeiteasierforpeopletocommunicatewitheachotherandtheyprovideallsortsofinformation.Inaddition,ifastudentwantstogetapromisingjobaftergraduation,hemustbegoodatcomputers.Thisstimulatesthestudentsinterestincomputersandencouragesthemtohaveagoodcommandofthem.Lastbutnottheleast,thepriceisalsoanimportantfactor.Itcostsmuchlesstoownacomputernow.Moreandmorestudentscanaffordthem.,Butsomeproblemsalsoarise.Somestudentsspendmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesandtheypaynoattentiontotheirstudies;somestudentswouldratherchatwithothersthanexploreinformationontheInternet.Thiswilldoharmtostudents.Inaword,computersbecomeverypopularamongstudentsnow,andhowtomakefulluseofthemhascausedmuchdiscussionamongpeople.,返回,Assignment:(atleast120words)Peoplebelowpovertyline,1.本图所示为1978年，1985年，1997年中国贫困线以下人口的变化情况，请描述其变化。2.请说明发生这些变化的原因3.你认为解决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或问题。,
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