《新四级题型中译英》PPT课件.ppt

新四级题型,中译英,虚拟语气,用于非真实条件句中,1.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_(要是找到工作)sheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.weretogetajob2.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufellyou_(现在就不能这样笑了).couldntbesmilinglikethisnow,虚拟语气用于宾语从句中,wish后面的宾语从句可用三种谓语动词形式表示虚拟：.一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟.过去完成时表示对过去情况的假设.“would动词原形”表示对将来的愿望,1.SometimesIwishI_(生活在)inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.wereliving2.Hedidntgototheparty,buthedoeswishhe_(当时在那里).hadbeenthere,虚拟语气用于Itis+adj./n.+that结构中,此结构的形容词和名词包括：advisable(可取的),basic,appropriate,desirable,elementary,essential,fitting,fundamental,imperative(强制的),important,impossible,incredible,natural,necessary,obligatory,proper,strange,urgent,vital,apity,ashame,nowonderthat(不足为奇)其虚拟形式是从句的谓语动词为(should)动词原形,以下名词后的表语从句及同位语从句中应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为(should)动词原形：advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,importance,instruction,necessity,motion(运动，动作),order,preference,proposal,recommendation,resolution(决心),request,requirement,suggestion.,虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句,1.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms_(尽早寄出去).besentasearlyaspossible2.ItisHaroldsdesirethathe_(和妻子合葬).beburiednexttohiswife,虚拟语气用于某些特定结构/状语从句中,用于wouldrather/sooner从句，Itis(high)timethat等结构中，从句中用虚拟过去时由lest（以免）,incase（万一）,forfearthat（以免）引导的目的状语从句，其从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形,1.Idratheryou_(不带那些重要文件)withyou.didnttakethoseimportantdocuments2.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_(伤害自己).injurehimself那个疯子被安置在有软垫的房间以免他伤害自己,现在分词,1.现在分词做状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等e.g._(在求职面试之后),youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.Afterbeinginterviewedforthejob,现在分词短语作宾补,主要出现在感官动词之后，如：feel,hear,notice,observe,perceive,see,smell,watch,listento,lookat等，强调动作正在发生；或出现在使役动词之后，如：get,have,bring,keep,leave,send,set,start等e.g.Hisremarksleftme_(想知道他的真实目的).wonderingabouthisrealpurpose,现在分词的完成式和被动式,现在分词被动式的一般式是beingdone，完成式是havingbeendone.e.g.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchthe_(铁塔被竖起).irontowerbeingerected,现在分词的复合结构,即独立主格结构，形式是名词代词分词其中名词或代词与现在分词是逻辑上的主谓关系，与过去分词是动宾关系，在句中做状语该结构有时可用with/without引导e.g._(由于这么多董事缺席),theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff.Somanydirectorsbeingabsent,动名词做动词宾语,有些动词只可接动名词，包括：abandon,admit,advocate（提倡）,complete,deny,escape,finish,imagine,mention,pardon,quit,recall,resist,understand等e.g.Peopleappreciate（喜欢）_(与他一起工作)becausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.workingwithhim,动名词做介词宾语,带介词to的短语后面接动名词：adhereto(粘着,追随),bereducedto(变弱为,使处于),clingto(依附,依靠),confessto(承认),feelupto(感到能胜任),getdownto(开始认真考虑),keepto(遵循),lookforwardto,pointto,submitto(服从,忍受),yieldto(屈服,让步),etc.e.g.Themaninthecornerconfessedto_(对经理说了谎)ofthecompany.havingtoldalietothemanager,动名词用在固定结构后主动表被动,1.bebusy/engaged(in),canthelp/stand/resist,keepfrom,leaveoff(停止,不再穿),Itsnouse,etc.2.在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词及beworth后面的动名词以主动形式表达被动意义,1.Shewassoangrythatshefeltlike_(扔东西打他).throwingsomethingathim2.Whatalovelyparty!Itsworth_(我终生铭记).rememberingallmylife,不定式作动词宾语,有些动词只可接不定式，包括：afford,aim,beg,choose,claim,dare,desire,except(把.除外,反对),expect,happen,hesitate,learn,neglect,proceed,seek,threaten,volunteer,etc.e.g.Withalargefamilytosupport,Mr.Johnsoncant_(连生病都生不起).affordtobesick,不定式作宾补,不定式作宾补时，在感官动词(如see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel等)和使役动词(如let,make,have)的宾语后面可以省略e.g.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents_(都说他不错).speakwellofhim,1.不定式用于but,except之后e.g.Lotsofemptybottleswerefoundundertheoldmansbed.He_(肯定除了喝酒什么也没做).musthavedonenothingbutdrink(因为but前面有动词do)2.不定式的进行、完成和被动式e.g.Ifthebuildingproject_(在月末完成的)isdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.tobecompletedbytheendofthismonthtobedoing;tohave+P.P.,关系代词that引导的定语从句,只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况：当先行词是all,anything,everything,few,little,much,more,none,nothing,something等不定代词时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时,1.All_(合理的)isnotnecessarilypracticable.thatisreasonable2.Thereishardlyanenvironmentonearth_(动物种群尚未成功适应).towhichsomespeciesofanimalorotherhasnotadaptedsuccessfully.,as引导的让步状语从句,as在引导让步状语从句时不位于句首，在它的前面可以是形容词、名词、副词等。e.g._(家也许很简陋),theresnoplacelikehome,whereverhemaygo.Humbleasitmaybe,特殊结构,1.强调结构Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+原句中的其他部分注意：指人时可以用who或that，其他情况下均用that.e.g.It_(直到天黑)sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.wasnotuntildarkthat,2.倒状结构有否定含义的副词或短语位于句首作状语时这类词包括:neither,never,no,nor,not,seldom,rarely,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,few,undernocircumstances,bynomeans(决不),innocase,innoway,onnoaccount(决不),onnocondition,nosooner,etc.e.g.Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,but_(但是它也没有负责任地行动).neitherhaditactedresponsibly,B.only位于句首修饰状语或宾语时e.g.Onlyunderspecialcircumstances_(允许大学一年级学生)totakemake-uptests.arefreshmenpermittedC.虚拟倒装虚拟语气的让步状语从句中，在省略了if的情况下主谓部分倒装e.g.Had_(我如果听了你的话),allthismiserymighthavebeenavoided.Itakenyouradvice,比较结构,as形容词副词原级(+n.)+as,more+形容词副词比较级+than(表示同一个人或物在不同性质上的对比),no+形容词副词比较级+than,abit/alittle/alot/even/far/great/many/much/slightly/still+形容词副词比较级e.g.“Anneactsquiteunfriendly.”“Ithinkshes_(不是不友好而是害羞).”moreshythanunfriendly,情态动词,cant/couldnthavedone不可能做过(对过去情况的断然否定)；couldhavedone本可能(有某种能力，表示一种遗憾);may/might(not)havedone也许(没)做了(对过去各种可能性的猜测)；musthavedone肯定做过(对过去情况十分肯定的猜测)；neednthavedone本不必；should(not)havedone本(不)应做(表达后悔、责备)；would(not)havedone(表示按照正常规律)将(不)会,e.g.1.Somewomen_(本来能够挣一份可观的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.couldhavemadeagoodsalary2.Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohours,dreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe_(可能做过什么)duringtheday.mayhavedone,Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftSanFrancisco_(而不愿待在纽约).Thisarticle_(呼吁人们多关注)totheproblemofculturalinterferenceinforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms_(必须退还)beforethedeadline.NotthatJohndoesntwanttohelpyou,_(而是他没有这个能力).Markoftenattemptstoescape_(罚款)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.,6.Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime_(之后警卫才发现).7.Youseethelightningthe_(闪电一发生),butyouhearthethunderlater.8.Whenhearrived,_(发现只有)buttheagedandthesickathome.9.Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworking_(充分发挥自己的能力).10.Themotherdidntknow_(责备谁)forthebrokenglass.,1.thanstayedinNewYork2.callsformoreattention3.besentback4.butthatitsbeyondhispower5.beingfined6.beforetheguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.7.instantithappens8.hefoundnone9.totheirfullcapacity10.whotoblame,