《完形填空一》PPT课件.ppt

第37讲完形填空(一),英语,完形填空。(2014，杭州)AtadaycarecentreinTexas，JessicaMcClurewasplayingoutside.Jessicasmother，_1_workedatthedaycarecentre，waswatchingher.SuddenlyJessica_2_anddisappeared.Jessicasmothercriedandrantoher.Thewellintheyardwasonlyeightinchesacross，andarockalways_3_it.Butchildrenhadmovedtherock._4_Jessicafell，shefellrightintothewell.Jessicasmotherrantoaphoneandcalled911for_5_Menfromthefiredepartmentarrived.They_6_thatJessicawasabout20feetdowninthewell.ThentheytoldJessicasparentstheir_7_“Wecantgodownintothewell，”theysaid，“Itstoosmall.So，weregoingtodigahole_8_thewell.Welldigdownabout20feet.Thenwelldigatunnel(通道)acrosstoJessica.Whenwereachher，wellbringherthroughthetunnel.Thenwellbringherupthroughour_9_”,ThemenbegantodigtheholeonaWednesdaymorning.Twodayslater，onFridaymorning，theywere_10_digging.AndJessicaMcClurewasstillinthewell.AllovertheworldpeoplewaitedfornewsofJessica.Theyreadaboutherinnewspapersandwatchedherrescue(营救)onTV.Everyone_11_thelittlegirlinthewell.At8：00pm.onFriday，themen_12_reachedJessicaandbroughtherupfromthewell.Thendoctorsrushedhertothehospital.Jessicawasbadlyinjuredbutshewasstill_13_Adoctoratthehospitalsaid，“Jessicaisluckysheisvery_14_Shesnotgoingtorememberthisverywell.”MaybeJessicawillnotrememberherdaysinthewell.Butherparents，herrescuers，andmanyotherpeoplearoundtheworldwillnotforget_15_,AfterJessicasrescue，oneoftherescuersmadeametalcoverforthewell.Onthecoverhewrote，“ToJessica，withlovefromallofus.”(B)1.A.sheBwhoCwhomDwhich(A)2.A.fellBsleptCstoppedDrose(C)3.A.brokeBhidCcoveredDopened(D)4.A.BecauseBAlthoughCIfDWhen(C)5.A.adviceBmoneyChelpDinformation(B)6.A.promisedBdiscoveredChopedDagreed(D)7.A.dreamBstudyClessonDplan(A)8.A.nexttoBalongwithCfarfromDoutof,(C)9.A.wellBtunnelCholeDyard(A)10.A.stillBalreadyCalwaysDalmost(B)11.A.lookedafterBworriedaboutCmadefriendswithDstayedawayfrom(D)12.A.immediatelyBusuallyCquicklyDfinally(C)13.A.aloneBasleepCaliveDafraid(A)14.A.youngBpopularCcleverDpretty(B)15.A.itBthemChimDus,“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词：1语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词，连接代词，连接副词，关系代词，关系副词等。2具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的等级等。3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。,(二)“完形填空”题解题策略：1解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。2解题时要全面考虑，确定选项。完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。其具体做法有：,重视首句寻求信息完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。【例1】Mystutter(口吃)hadalwaysbeenmuchofaproblem.Idhadsomanyspecialistsformy_overtheyears.(2013，北京，35)AspeechBstudyCdreamDfear解析：由首句“我的口吃已经成为一个大问题”可知，作者在说话方式上很“独特”。speech指“说话方式”。答案：_A_,Mymotheronlyhadoneeye.Andbecauseofthis，Ineverwishedhertoshowupinmyschool，beingafraidthatmyclassmateswould_1_Ihadanuglymother.(2014，十堰，41)(D)1.A.runoutBputoutCcomeoutDfindout明辨褒贬语境，判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。【例2】Atlast，hisdreamcametrue，andhisparentswere_ofhim.(2013，长沙，40)AfamousBstrictCproud解析：由全文可知，父母看到儿子通过努力实现了自己的梦想，应该感到自豪。答案：_C_,Iwantedtogetarideinsomebodyelsescar，butitwasdarkandtherewasnocar.Itwasalso_2_totakeataxi.(2013，湘潭)(B)2.A.easyBdifficultCearly巧用平行结构，判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。【例3】JimSmithwasapoorboy.Onedayhewasverycoldand_.Hecametoahouseandaskedayoungwomanonlyforaglassofwater.(2013，云南，41)AhotBhungryCcoolDstrong解析：由上文“hewasverycold”可知，与cold相对的是“饿”。答案：_B_,Theyfoundthatthekidswhowatchedviolentcartoonsfoughtwithothersand_3_classrulesmoreoften.(2014，宜宾，47)(A)3.A.brokeBfollowedCobeyedDmade结合常识，明辨真伪【例4】Wecantforcelifetofollowourwishes.Theearthwont_turningwhetherweacceptitornot.(2013，山西，36)AstopBkeepCstart解析：无论我们是否接受，地球都不会停止转动。答案：_A_,Whenyoudosomethingniceforsomeone，youshouldntexpecttogetanything，butwhenyoudogetsomethingyoushouldbevery_4_(2014，鄂州，45)(C)4.A.hopefulBwonderfulCthankfulDhelpful,(一)LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，adistanceofabout80miles.Itwaslate.Iwaslate，andIwasdriving_1_Atonepointalonganopenhighway，Icametoacrossroadwithatrafficlight.Iwas_2_ontheroadbynow，butasIcamenearthelight，itturned_3_，andIbrakedtoastop.Ilookedleft，right，andbehindme.Nothing.Notacar，nosuggestionofheadlights，_4_thereIsat，waitingforthelightto_5_，theonlyhumanbeing，foratleastamileinany_6_IstartedwonderingwhyI_7_torunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeingcaught，becausetherewas_8_nopolicemananywherearoundandtherecertainlywouldhavebeenno_9_ingoingthroughit.,Muchlaterthat_10_，afterIdmetwithagroupinLewisburgandhadclimbedintobednearmidnight，thequestionofwhyIdstoppedforthatlight_11_me.IthinkIstopped_12_itspartofacontract(契约)weallhavewitheachother.Itsnotonlythelaw，butitsanagreementwehave，andwetrusteachothertofollow_13_：Wedontgothroughredlights.Wedo_14_wesaywelldo.Weshowupwhenwesaywellshowup.Iwasso_15_ofmyselfforstoppingforthatredlight.AndasnoonewouldeverhaveknownwhatagoodpersonIwasontheroadfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，Ihadtotellsomeone.,(A)1.A.fastBslowlyCcarefullyDhard(B)2.A.lateBaloneCworriedDafraid(C)3.A.greenByellowCredDdark(D)4.A.andBorCsoDbut(B)5.A.returnBchangeCstartDcontinue(C)6.A.attentionBbackgroundCdirectionDinformation(A)7.A.refusedBdecidedCpreparedDforgot(D)8.A.hardlyBluckilyCusuallyDclearly(A)9.A.dangerBexcuseCspaceDenergy,(B)10.A.momentBnightCafternoonDmorning(D)11.A.dependedonBlookedforwardtoCstayedawayfromDcamebackto(C)12.A.thoughBunlessCbecauseDuntil(B)13.A.meBitChimDus(A)14.A.whatBhowCwhyDthat(C)15.A.tiredBreadyCproudDsorry,(二)(2014，绍兴)ASmilingFaceattheStoreIneedtogetsomethingstocleanthehousethisweekend，soIheadedovertoalocalstore.Whilewalkingaround，IrealizedthatIwasnt_16_atanyone.Thatwasoutofcharacter.Ialmostalwayssmileatstrangerswiththe_17_thatitmightbrightentheirdayabit.Butinthatparticularmoment，Iwasthinkingofwhathad_18_meearlierintheday，notreallyinthemood(心情)tosmile.WhenIwenttocheckoutmythings，Imet_19_averylongline.PeoplewerebuyingChristmasgifts.Toshortenthefirstline，asecondregister(收银台)openedup.I_20_turnedtoit.Afterafewmoments，Ibeganto_21_thatallthepeoplebeforemehadlotsofthingstocheckout.Iwasnt_22_anylonger，soIreturnedtothefirstline.Afterashortwhile，allthepeopleinthesecondlinecheckedout.Iwas_23_standinginthefirstline.,Atlast，itwasmy_24_tocheckout.Ifoundthatthemanbehindtheregisterseemedso_25_！Hegreetedmewithahugesmile.“Itsniceto_26_seeasmilingfaceinthisstore，”Icommented.Hereplied，“Ilovetosmile，_27_youneverknowwhatpeoplearegoingthrough.”Atthatmoment，hemademethinkof_28_Somethinginmechanged，andwebegan_29_kindnessabouthowitgoesalongway.Therewasnoonebehindme，sowetalkedandlaughedforawhile.Whata_30_itis，tobecheeredupbythiskindyoungman！Isuddenlyhadallthetimeintheworld.,(C)16.A.shoutingBpointingCsmilingDknocking(A)17.A.hopeBplanCsuggestionDdecision(B)18.A.pleasedBtroubledCrelaxedDtreated(D)19.A.forBatCinDwith(B)20.A.slowlyBquicklyCactuallyDeasily(C)21.A.rememberBsupposeCnoticeDimagine(A)22.A.patientBnervousCpoliteDsilent(D)23.A.justBeverConceDstill(A)24.A.turnBdreamCdutyDcourage,(C)25.A.seriousBcalmChappyDclever(D)26.A.especiallyBnaturallyCfirstlyDfinally(B)27.A.whenBbecauseCbutDso(C)28.A.himselfByourselfCmyselfDherself(B)29.A.thinkingaboutBtalkingaboutCworryingaboutDlearningabout(A)30.A.giftBpityCchanceDsurprise,16C【解析】后文说自己是一个经常对人微笑的人，但是那天心情不好，所以没有对任何人微笑。17A【解析】“我经常对陌生人微笑”希望能让他们的一天明朗一点。18B【解析】后文说没心情微笑，可知选B，“我”被那天早些时候的事情所困扰。19D【解析】meetwith“遇上，遇到”。20B【解析】队伍排得很长，开了第二个收银台，“我”当然是赶紧挤过去了。21C【解析】notice“意识到”。22A【解析】Iwasntpatientanylonger.“我没有耐心继续等了”。23D【解析】句意为“等第二列的人都结完账了，我还排在第一列结账队伍里。”,24A【解析】itwasonesturntodosth.“轮到某人做某事”。25C【解析】happy对应ahugesmile。26D【解析】由句意“很高兴最终在这个商店可以看到一张笑脸”，可知选D。27B【解析】收银员解释自己爱笑的原因。28C【解析】“我”在那一刻想到了“我”自己，“我”之前也一直对陌生人微笑。29B【解析】talkabout“交谈”。30A【解析】被这个善良的年轻人感染了情绪，使“我”高兴起来，这是我收到的一份美好的礼物。,(三)(2014，嘉兴)Oneday，thestudentsofClass6werereadingintheclassroom.Mrs.Browncameinandtoldthewholeclassthattheywouldhavetochange_31_inMarch.Thenaughtiestclassinthegradecouldnot_32_it.Thepupilsalldisagreedwiththedecision，sotheyshoutedwhenMrs.Brownsaiditwasbecauseanewpupilwouldbe_33_theclass.Theclasswasindisorder.“Whymustwemovetoanotherclassroomjustbecausesomeonenewiscoming？”oneofthemasked_34_Mrs.Brownwaitedpatientlybeforetheclasswithoutsayinganything.Thestudentssawitandtheybecamequiet.Mrs.Browntoldthemtobe_35_totheirnewclassmateandthensheleft.,Thefollowingweek，theclassunderstood_36_Theprincipalhimselfbroughtthenewstudenttotheirclass._37_，Mr.Whitepushedthenewstudenttotheclassbecausethestudentwasinawheelchair.Mr.White_38_thenewstudentasJeffandaskedthemtobefriendlytohim.HesaidthatJeffnowwasa_39_oftheclassandtheyshouldworktogether.Headded，“Ahousedivided(分开)againstitselfcannotstand.”_40_couldfullyunderstandwhatMr.Whitemeantatfirst.Overtime，theybegantounderstandwhattheirprincipalmeant.Jeffwasa_41_studentandoftenlentahelpinghandtostudentswhodidnotunderstand_42_work.Theyfeltverythankfultohim.Theytookturnstowheelhimabout_43_theyknewwellthatwhensomeonedidsomethingforyou，you_44_dosomethingbackinreturn.Notonlydidtheirresults_45_，buttheirbehaviourbecamebetter.ItwasaspecialyearClass6wouldneverforget.,(D)31.A.partnerBlessonCteacherDclassroom(C)32.A.tryBcatchCbelieveDmanage(D)33.A.leadingBhelpingCvisitingDjoining(B)34.A.sadlyBangrilyCseriouslyDcoldly(A)35.A.niceBusefulChonestDcareful(A)36.A.whyBwhereCwhenDhow(D)37.A.SofarBAboveallCAsusualDInfact(C)38.A.mistookBdescribedCintroducedDremembered,(B)39.A.hopeBmemberCmonitorDsymbol(A)40.A.NobodyBSomebodyCAnybodyDEverybody(D)41.A.luckyBstrictCfunnyDbright(C)42.A.hisBherCtheirDour(B)43.A.ifBbecauseCuntilDthough(A)44.A.shouldBcouldCmightDwould(C)45.A.appearBdevelopCimproveDcontinue,31D【解析】由34空前的句子“Whymustwemovetoanotherclassroom.？”可知是换教室。32C【解析】不敢相信老师说的这件事。33D【解析】jointheclass“加入这个班”。34B【解析】由上文同学们的反应可知他们不愿为一个新同学的加入而换教室，所以有点生气。35A【解析】对新同学要友好点。36A【解析】全班同学都明白了为什么。37D【解析】前后句意为“校长亲自带新同学到他们班上。事实上，新同学是坐在轮椅上由怀特老师推进来的。”38C【解析】介绍新同学。,39B【解析】amemberoftheclass“班级中的一员”。40A【解析】“刚开始，没有人能充分理解怀特老师的话。”下文接着提到“后来，他们才开始明白”。41D【解析】bright“聪明的”。42C【解析】本句为定语从句，修饰先行词“students”，故是“他们的”。43B【解析】句意为“他们轮流推着他四处逛逛，因为他们知道当他人帮助过你的话(新同学成绩好，经常帮助其他同学学习)，你也应该做些事情回报他。”44A【解析】见43题。45C【解析】不仅成绩提高了，他们行为也更文明了。,请完成考点集训37,