资源描述
,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,Theproblemishowweshouldusemoderntechnology.,WhenmanwillbeabletoliveonMarsisunknowntousall.,Icantimaginewherealltheseadvancedtechnologieswillleadus.,Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.,PredicativeClause,SubjectClause,ObjectClause,AppositiveClause,1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,辨别下列名词性从句的类别：,引导名词性从句的关联词,考点一、关联词1.that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；不可省whether(是否),不用if,一、主语从句,Thathestoleabikewastrue.ThatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobviousWhetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.,1.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.2.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.3.Whatheishasnothingtodowithyou.4.Whoseticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout.,1.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.2.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.3.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.,2.连接代词（what,whatever,who,whoever,whose,which,whichever等）.和连接副词（how,why,when,wherehowever,wherever）在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,1）_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.（S92)A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2)_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3)._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlesson.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that,考点二、用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构,Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat很清楚（必要,重要,可能,值得注意等),Itisafact(apity,agoodthing,goodnewsnowonder)that事实是(可惜的是,好事是,好消息是),Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that众所周知(据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),Ithappens/matters)that碰巧是),Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that已发现(已证明,可看出,需指出),1.Itsapitythatwecantgo.很遗憾我们不能去。2.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。3.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。4.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。,1._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.（MET92）A.whileB.thatCifDfor,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：,Itisnecessary/important/natural/strangethatItssuggested/ordered/requiredthateg.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_tothefrontA.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgoeg.Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoMewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedtoA.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what,1.Itisimportantthat_oureducationinallavailableways.A.wemustdevelopB.weshalldevelopC.wewoulddevelopD.weshoulddevelop2.Itisnecessarythat_bytheendoftheweek.A.wegoteverythingreadyB.wehavegoteverythingreadyC.WegeteverythingreadyD.wemustgeteverythingready3.Itwasnaturalthat_.A.mypictureswouldsurprisethemB.mypicturessurprisedthemC.mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD.mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem,二、宾语从句,考点1.由连词that引导:that常可省略。,Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下情况下不能省略：当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；用it做形式宾语的宾语从句.,Hesaidthathehadfinishedreadingthisnovelandthathewouldborrowanotherone.,考点二、whether或if引导的宾语句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。不定式连用只用whether。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,Idontcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.,Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.Theydontknowwhethertogothere,2.用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.7.Theydontknowtogothere.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,whether,考点三、在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.,Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.,考点四、宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.,IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.,Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.,TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.(1)Theteachersaidthattheearth_roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo(2)Ourfathersaidthathe_anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys(3)Ihearthathe_toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone,考点五、当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,Wedontbelievethathewillwinthegame.,Idontthinkhewilldoso.,(1)Idontthinkheisright,_?AisntheBisheCdoIDdontI(2).Hebelievessheisright,_?AdoesntheBdoesheCissheDisntshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,_?AdidntheBdidheCdidIDdidntI,考点六、语序问题,1.Thephotographswillshowyou_（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,2.Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited,3.Heasked_foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid,考点七、it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：,Eg：Weallthought_apitythatwehadmissedthelesson.A.soB.suchC.itD.that,doubt问题,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?,if/whether,that,that,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,TheSwedestoodstill,except_hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith_shehasachieved.3.Hewrotealetterofthanksto_helpedhim.(任何一个),that,what,whoever,三、表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句,1.Thetruthishehasneverbeentothecountryside.,3.ThequestioniswecanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.,4.Helookshewereanartist.,实际情况是他从未去过农村.,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.,asif/asthough从句常表示不真实的情况,5.Thisschoolisnolongeritwasbefore.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.,2.Butthefactremains_wearebehindtheotherclasses.,可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等,他看起来像一位艺术家似的,但事实仍然是我们落在其他班级后面,that,that,whether,asif,what,表语从句不用if,what在从句中充当成分,下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法,Thisis.Thatwas.Thisisthismorning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,固定句型:ThisiswhereThisiswhyThisishow.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,注意：,1.Itis/wasbecause.2.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.,Itsatthattime.(因为我们需要钱)(need),Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolis.(他错过了早班车)(miss),whereLuXunoncelived,howtheywonthematch,whyshegotupsoearly,becausewewereinneedofmoney,注意,注意：主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表示“建议、请求、要求、决定等”意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeeting.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,练习,5.Whynottryourluckdowntown,Bob?Thats_thebestjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why6.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeingAifBwhatCwhetherDHow7.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbedA.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because,四、同位语从句简单地说，同位语从句就是后面那句话是前面这个名词的具体的内容。比如说：我有个通知：明天放假。(Ihaveanoticethattomorrowisfree.)这句话中,tomorrowisfree就是notice的具体的内容。,同位语从句,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词:that,whether,how,wh-疑问词,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,4.HowdidIdoit?/Thequestionishardtoanswer.,3.Whereshouldtheygotofindsomefood./Theyhadnoidea.,5.Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime.,Theyhadnoideawheretheyshouldgotofindsomefood.,ThequestionhowIdiditishardtoanswer.,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,考点一、同位语从句的名词,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,说明其前面的名词的具体内容如news,idea,fact,hope,promise,truth,belief,thought,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestionorder,questionproblemtheorydecision,discoveryconclusionrumor,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.,1.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasrightAthatwhatBWhatthatCthatDwhether,注:1.同谓语从句多用that引导,2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,考点二、同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.that引导同位语从句,不能省略,Haveyougotthethenews（that）hetoldusatthemeeting(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,考点三、分隔开的同位语从句,1)Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.(s2002）A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what2).Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which,考点四：同位语从句在虚拟句的应用,表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如:如：Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.,1.考查引导词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.(NMET1996)A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what,2.Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears.(MET1991)whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike,2.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,3.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题,高考题例示：,1.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster,4.考查连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyonewho,anythingthat等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho/what/which。,1.Thesewildflowersaresospecial,Iwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever2._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(s99)A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever,3.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho4.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,
展开阅读全文