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主谓一致,1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。一般来说，不可数名词、可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。,单数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词谓语动词用单数形式。,Thebookisofgreatvalue.,Thefoodhasgonebad.,Socialismisbelievedtobeverygoodinthatcountry.,TheStatesisadevelopedcountry.,Physicsisnoteasytolearn,hetoldme.,语法一致,2.不定式、动名词、从句做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。What引导的主语从句做主语时，要根据表语。,Toseeistobelieve.,Itisnecessarytoreadalot.,Losingthebookwaswhatmadeherverysad.,Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk,Whatyouvesaidisquiteright.,语法一致,Whattheyneedarepeopletohelpthem.,WhatIneedisonebook,whilewhatheneedsaretwobooks.,3.不定代词somebody,someone,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,something,anything,everything,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,Hardlyanyoneknowsthesecret.,Almostnoonewantstobefriendswithhim.,Everythingisoknow.Letsbegin.,EverybodyknowsthatTaiwanispartofChina.,Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.,语法一致,4.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数。,Readingandwritingareveryimportant.,Whenwewilldothatandhowweshoulddothathavenotbeendecidedyet.,Tosaysomethingandtodoitarequitedifferentthings.,注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数,Theteacherandmusicianiscomingheretomorrow.,语法一致,Whenandhowweshoulddothathasntbeendiscussed.,Togotobedearlyandtogetupearlyisagoodhabit.,Warandpeaceisstillasubjectpeopleoftentalkabout.,Breadandbutteriswhattheyusuallyhaveforbreakfast.,5.在Eachandeach,everyandevery,noandno.之后，谓语动词用单数形式。,Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenapresent.,Everyflowerandeverytreeistobecutdown.,Noteacherandnostudentispermittedtogetin.,语法一致,6.当主语有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,including,besides,ratherthan,aswellas,inadditionto等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。,Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.,He,aswellasI,wantstogoboating.,AllthestudentsbutTomwerewaitingtherepatiently.,Theheadmaster,ratherthantheteachers,wasveryworriedaboutthat.,Manypeople,likeMr.Wang,werelivingahardlife.,语法一致,1.集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如army,class,enemy,family,government,group,team等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。,Thefamilyisverybig.,Thefamilyarediscussingwheretogoforaholiday.,但集合名词people,police,cattle,等用复数形式。,Thepolicearelookingintothematter.,Cattlefeedongrass.,意义一致,2.None和neither作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若noneof后面的词为不可数名词，则谓语动词为单数形式。,Neitherofthemis/aregoingtohelpher.,Noneofthegirlslikes/liketheschoolclothes.,Noneofthemoneyismine.,neither作定语，后跟单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式,Neitherbookisofmuchvalue.,意义一致,3.代词some,rest,more,most,enough,all等词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由代词指代的词的单复数决定。,Someofthemwereangry./Someoftheclothwasstolen.,Therestoftheclassareboys./Therestoftheworkishardtodo.,Mostoftheworkhasbeenfinished./Mostofthemdontagree.,Alliswellthatendswell./AllIwantisyouradvice.Allthattheyneedarebooks.,Moreofthematerialiswanted./Moreofthechairsaregoingtobesentthere.,意义一致,4.a(large/small)numberof/thenumberof,booksofthiskind/thiskindofbook(s)等中心词不一样，谓语动词也不一样。,Anumberofpeoplearegoingtobepunished.,Thenumberoflaid-offworkersiscomingdown.,Thiskindofbook(s)ishardtofind.,Booksofthiskindareofgreatvalue.,意义一致,5.halfof,alarge/smallquantityof,alotof/lotsof,plentyof等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。,Halfoftheapplehasgonebad.,Alargequantityofwaterisneeded.,Asmallquantityofpotatoeshavebeensold.,Large/smallquantitiesof作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,Largequantitiesofwaterhavebeenpolluted.,意义一致,6.manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。,Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.,Morethanonestudentisagainsttheplan.,7.分数、百分数作主语，根据其后的名词定谓语形式。,Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.,Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.,意义一致,8.oneof其后有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词形式取决于one有没有修饰语。,Hewasoneoftheteacherswhowereinvitedtothemeeting.,Hewastheonlyoneoftheteacherswhowasinvitedtothemeeting.,9.表示金钱，时间，距离、长度、体积、面积、重量、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。,Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.,Tendollarsisenough.,意义一致,10.No后可跟单数或复数名词，动词取决于其后的名词。,Noteachersarewillingtodothat.,Nomagazineisallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.,11.在四则运算中，谓语动词常用单数，也可用复数。,Twoandtwois/arefour.,Threeplusthreeis/aresix.,意义一致,Fiveminustwois/arethree.,Fivetimesfiveis/aretwentyfive.,Twentydividedbyfouris/arefive.,12.定冠词加形容词表一类人作主语，谓语动词常用复数。,Theyoungsometimesthinkdifferentlyfromtheold.,Thericharebecomingricherandthepoorarebecomingpoorer.,13.定冠词加形容词表一类事物作主语，谓语动词常用单数。,Theimpossibleisoftentheuntried.,意义一致,Thebeautyishers.,1.当there/herebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。,Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Hereisthebookyouwant.,Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass./Herearethequestionstheyasked.,2.当notonlybutalso;notbut;or;eitheror;neithernor;notonlybut;aswell连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。,Eitheryouorsheistogo.,在疑问句中，与前面的一致。,Iseitherheoryouateacher?,就近原则,代词一致,1.不定代词somebody,someone,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody作主语，其相应的代词常用he,him,himself,在非正式英语中,可用they,them,themselves,有时也用he/she的相应形式。Everybodylookedafterhimself/themselves.2.something,anything,everything,nothing作主语，代词用it.Everythingisready,isntit?3.Each作主语指人，代词用he/him等，指物时，用it。Eachofusisresponsibleforhisownfamily.4.当代词的所指对象为列结构时，根据所指，用相应的代词形式。Shelikesbreadandbutter,butitisnothealthyfood.Iboughtbreadandbutterattheshopyesterday,andtheycosttwopounds.,以-s结尾的名词或词组作主语,表示学科名称的词如physics,maths,economics,politics等，复数形式的国家名称、城市名称、疾病名称、游戏名词以及报纸、书名或其他机构名称作主语，谓语用单数形式。TheUnitedNationswasfirstfoundedin1945.TheNetherlandsisacountryinWestEuropeontheNorthSea.TheNewYorkTimesispublisheddaily.Politicsisoftenatopicfordiscussionamongus.Everymeanshasbeentried.以-s结尾的群岛、海峡、山脉、瀑布等作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。TheWestIndiansarealargegroupofislandslyingbetweenNorthAmericaandSouthAmerica.ThePhilippinslietothesoutheastofChina.,以-s结尾的名词或词组作主语,含双数概念的复数名词如工具的名称、衣服名称等作主语，谓语动词用复数。Myglasseswerebroken,soIcantseewell.Mytrousersarewhiteandhisclothesareblack.【注】若这类名词由pair（suit,piece,series,kind）+of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。但在these/thosepairs(series,kinds,types)+复数名词之后，谓语动词用复数。Apairofshoesisnotenoughforuseinmountainclimbing.Twopairsoftrousersaremissing.Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.“百分数/分数+of+名词”结构后谓语的单复数形式由名词决定。Thirtypercentoftheliquorisalcohol.Tenpercentoftheapplesarebad.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.One-fourthofthestudentswearglasses.,
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