英语-语法-不定代词

不定代词1词语定义不定代词，即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。some,any,all,both,none,either,neither,each,every,均为不定代词。常用不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere），no（nothing，nobody，no one），every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，neither等。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。2主要用法不定代词大部分可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。作主语他们两人都是教师。Both of the men are teachers作宾语我对这个人一无所知。I know nothing about this person.作表语这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。Thisbookis too much difficult for achild作定语玻璃杯里有一些水。There is a littlewaterin the glassa little,little,a few,few的区别：a little通常带有肯定的意思，表示还有一点；而little带有否定的意思，只剩一点儿了。（little后通常加不可数名词）a few和few同上。（后通常加可数名词）作状语I cantfindmy book anywhere我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。这一句也可以表示成：I cant find my book nowhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。修饰不定代词的词，一般情况下要后置.3举例介绍一般不定代词用法例子1some一些，某些，某个不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：some are doctors，some are nurses有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）2any一些，任何不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：There isnt any ink in mypen我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示任何的。例如：You maycomeat anytime,Ill behomethe whole day你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里。不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：Is he anybettertoday？他今天好一点了吗？3all全体，所有（指三者以上）不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。例如：All were presen at the meeting全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）4both全部，都不定代词both指两个人或事物。和all一样，可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如：we invited both to come to our farm我们邀请两个人都来我们的农场。（作宾语）5none无人或无不定代词none的含义和all物相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：None ofthe problems is/areeasyto solve这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语，代替可数名词）6either两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。不定代词either可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：Either of them will agree to this arrangent他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语）7neither两者都不不定代词neither是either的否定形式，可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：Neither is interesting两个都没有趣。（作主语）8each每个，各自的不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如：She gave the children two appleseach她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children的同位语。）9every每个，每一的，一切的不定代词every有全体的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语。复合不定代词1.some,any,every,no都能和one,body,thing一起构成代词，这些代词叫复合不定代词。它们基本含义为：somebody某人someone某人anybody、anyone：任何人everybody、everyone：每人nobody、no one：没人指物something某物某事anything任何事物everything一切nothing没东西2.一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句；any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句；no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义，用于否定句。如：I have something totellyou.我有事要告诉你。He didnt say anything at the meeting yesterday.昨天在会上他没发言。Everybody likes swimming.每个人都喜欢游泳。Thereis nothingwrongwith your ears.你耳朵没毛病。3.something可用于提建议或请求的问句中，以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。如：Would you like some thing toeat?你要吃点东西吗？4.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Nobody knows hisname.没有人知道他的名字。5.不定代词的定语要后置。如：Is there anything important in todays newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？一般的，不定代词（包括复合不定代词）在句子中，通常用第三人称单数形式6.复合不定代词的否定。“notevery”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如：Noteverythingwillgowell.并非一切都会那么顺利。Theteacherdidntcalleveryonesname.老师并没有点所有人的名。“notany”和no-均表示全否定。例如：He listened,butheard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。=He listened,but didnt hear anything.You havent called anyone/anybody up,have you?你没给谁打过电话，是吗？=You have called no one/nobody up,have you?1.不定式是英语动词的一种形式。它在许多情况下可省略to,它不同于汉语动词，汉语动词只有一种形式。如：我看书。她看书。但英语要说“看”必须根据主语的人称，动作发生的时间等确定其形式。如：1）Ireadabook.2）She reads a book.1）句中的“read”是一般现在时第一人称的动词定式。2）句中的“reads”是一般现在时第三人称单数的动词定式。I want to read a book.我想要看书。/She wants to read a book.她想要看书。其中的“看”不易确定其形式。因为动作还未发生，因此称不定式。通俗的说，就是“不一定是什么形式”2.不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone），no（nothing，nobody，noone），every（everything，everybody，everyone），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，neither等。1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用arentI.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。I wish to have awordwith you,may I?3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer,did he/she?Some plants never blown(开花),do they?4)含有ought to的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。He ought to know what to do,oughtnthe?/shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to+v.(had to+v.)，疑问部分常用dont+主语（didnt+主语）。We have to get there ateighttomorrow,dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语。He used to take pictures there,didnthe?/usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better+v.疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you?8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldnt+主语。He would rather read it tentimesthan recite it,wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语。Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?10)陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor,isnt he?You must have studied English forthreeyears,havent you?/didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。What colours,arent they?What a smell,isnt it?12)陈述部分由neithernor,eitheror连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready,isnt it?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for severa ltimes,he should have been in China now,shouldnt he?b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us atalk,is he?Hesaidhe wanted togotoJapan,didnt he?c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright,is he?We believe she can do it better,cant she?15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。This is our new headmaster,isnt it?Those are Japanese,arent they?One should be ready to hel pothers,shouldnt one?One cant be too careful,can you?Each of the students has a dictionary,hasnt they?Each of the students passed the examination,didnt they?None of hismoneyis left,is it?None of his friends are interested,are they?None of his friends has come ,has they?Something will have to be done about theprice,wonti t?Everybody iskindto you,arent they?No one left here yesterday,did they?Someone turned that radio down,dont they?Neither side couldwin,could they?Everything that he says isfalse,isnt it?16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。We need not do itagain,need we?He dare not say so,dare you?当dare,need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesntd are to go homealone,does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again,will you?Go with me,will you/wont you?注意：Lets开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music,shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with yourwatch,isnt there?There will not be any trouble,will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible,isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。He must be there now,isnt he?It must be going toraintomorrow,wont it?快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语疑问部分I arent IWish may+主语no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,肯定含义rarely,little等否定含义的词ought to（肯定的）shouldnt/oughtnt+主语have to+v.(hadto+v.)dont+主语(didnt+主语)used todidnt+主语或usednt+主语had better+v.hadntyouwould rather+v.wouldnt+主语youd liketo+v.wouldnt+主语must根据实际情况而定感叹句中be+主语Neithernor,eitheror连接的根据其实际逻辑意义而定并列主语指示代词或不定代词everything,that,主语用itnothing,this并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone复数they,单数he情态动词dare或needneed(dare)+主语dare,need为实义动词do+主语省去主语的祈使句willyou？Lets开头的祈使句Shallwe?Let us开头的祈使句Will you?therebe相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句1