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专题七选五 一(2014新课标)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. _1_ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. _2_ Ask kids, “ What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. _3_ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know whats going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. _4_ “Why do you think shes crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel？”4Self Expression_5_ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.AEncourage kids to cook with you.BAnd we cant forget science education.CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.GBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。就如何帮助孩子为还未存在的工作做好准备给出了很好的建议。答案：1D前面提到.have not yet been invented。既然是没被发明，接下来的应该是D项：我们应该如何帮助我们的孩子为还没存在的工作做好准备呢？2A由空后面的ingredients，pancakes可知，此处与做饭有关，故A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起做饭)正确。3C既然本部分与创造力有关，那应该是以新的方式来思考问题，故C项正确。4F由该空后面的一系列的问题可知F项(我们在现实生活中这么做，或者是就故事中的角色问问题)正确。5G由后一句There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas可知，此处与交流能力有关，故G项正确。二(2014新课标)Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. _1_ Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? _2_2Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? _3_ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3_4_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start. _5_ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!ATry new things.BAbility is easily improved.CMake three or four instead.DUnderstand your food better.ECooking is a burden for many people.FLet cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何在有限的时间里做一顿好饭。答案：1B根据上下文语境，上文提到不做饭的原因有三个，能力、金钱与时间，并分别对金钱与时间作了讲述，故空处应简单叙述能力，故选B项。2G 本段主题句think ahead，相关句子只有G项，“花一点时间提前计划可以节省后面的很多工作”。3C 根据上下文语境。上文“你在制作一条面包吗”下文“多做一点花差不多同样的时间”，可知空处应该填C项，“制作三、四条吧。”4A 空处是本段主题句。由本段内容可知介绍多尝试新的菜谱和新的想法，这样能力会越来越高。故选A项。5F 根据上下文语境。由下文不要让忙碌打消你在饮食生活方面改变一下的乐趣。所以空处应该是F项，让饮食生活成为一种乐趣而不是负担。三(2014辽宁)Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：Schedule yearly exams. _1_ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. _2_Give your eyes a break. Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. _3_ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away._4_ As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. _5_ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.AEat your greens.BEye care should begin early in life.CThey can properly protect your eyes.DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins.EParents usually dont care about their own eyesight.FAlways follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.文章大意：本文介绍了保持好的视力的五个建议。答案：1B从下一句话Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check可知答案。2C上一句话意为：无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是非常重要的。可知，空格处应该意为：太阳镜会保护你的视力。3G根据文中的Give your eyes a break可知，本段说的是用眼要注意休息，故本题选G项。4A本段说的是饮食对于保护眼睛的重要性，故此处填A项。5F本段说的是戴隐形眼镜存在的问题。所以空格处的下一句应该为：否则你会眼疼或者更严重的情况，可知此处意为：戴隐形眼镜要听医嘱。四(2014北京)Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. _1_Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. _2_Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. _3_ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements._4_ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)_5_ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.AMake choices that are right for you. BThe goal of an ad is to sell you something.CBe sure to work through the critical questions. DAnd examine the findings of the original research.EDistinguish between research reports and public health advice.FBe aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.文章大意：有关个人健康信息的来源由许多，应该如何对这些信息进行正确评价，得到真正对自己合理有用的信息，本文给出了几个有用的途径。答案：1. G前面连续有几个how to.提出的问题，下面四段都是几个建议，所以此处应该用一个句子过渡，说明下面将要给出几个建议。2D文章第二段说的是要“查看原始材料”，所以D项当中的original是关键词，应该“考虑一下研究成果的类型，并应检查原始研究的调查报告”。3F文章第三段的建议是要当心语言的误导。结合本文，这里的语言误导是指因为某种语言的描述导致对于结果的错误的理解。“某个过程并不意味着一定会导致某个结果(this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result)”，信息也有可能因为作者观点的原因被错误的解读，故选F项。4B由空格前面的句子“Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.”可知此处应选B项，说明为什么要当心包含广告的信息。5A“朋友和家庭成员可以是看法和激励的巨大(信息)来源，但我们每个人都应该找到适合我们自己的健康的生活方式”，所以，本段的主题是“作出对自己正确的选择”。五(2014山西省第四次四校联考)The Transport Industry In the UK The transport industry employs around 2.3 million people in the UK across some 196,000 companies. Worth over 75 billion to the economy, it ensures that goods, services and people can move as efficiently as possible. _1_ Traffic and transport construction jobs are essential to ensure that there are no longterm disruptions(中断) in transport. Without traffic and transport construction jobs, the Transport for London Organization wouldnt be able to maintain its train or tube lines._2_ Opportunities involve construction work and building services to maintain facilities(设施) such as airports and train stations. It also involves anything from designing and creating a new bridge or road, to developing a new harbor to increase sea freight(海运)Some roles require shift work. _3_ Depending on the role, travel may also be required either locally, nationally, or in some cases, internationally.Traffic and transport construction jobs have not escaped the effects of a global economic downturn. However, rising fuel costs have seen a huge increase in the number of people using public transport. _4_Traffic and transport construction jobs were important during the 2012 Games. Billions of pounds were invested into improving the capitals transport facilities. _5_ It was a 12carriage train that linked Kings Cross St. Pancras stations to the heart of London in just seven minutes.AWith the transport industry, many people would be unemployed in UK.BThis included the “Olympic Javelin”CThis can mean working evenings, nights and possibly weekends.DBecause of the size of the industry, a number of career opportunities are available.EMany stadiums were built at that time.FThis is because transport construction jobs carry out all the necessary maintenance required to keep public transport safe and running. GThe industry can be divided into three main sectors: surface, sea and air transport.文章大意：本文介绍了英国的交通运输业。该行业可分为三个方面：陆地上，海上和空中运输。运输行业雇佣了大约230万人在大约196,000家公司。经济价值750亿，它确保商品、服务和人可以尽可能有效地移动。伦敦市政府为了保证公共设施的正常运转投入大量的财力物力。答案：1G考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据下文说的机场和火车站和海口可知，这里在说：该行业可分为三个方面：陆地上，海上和空中运输，故选G。2D考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据后面的career opportunities，可知，这里的意思应该是：因为行业规模的扩大，有大量的就业机会。应选D。3C考查上下文的语境理解能力。前一句是：有一些工作需要轮班工作。后一句是：根据角色，旅行也可能需要在本地，在全国范围内，或在某些情况下，在国际上。故C项(这可能意味着晚上工作，晚上和周末。)符合要求。4F考查上下文的语境理解能力。根据上文可知，不断上涨的燃料成本使越来越多的人使用公共交通工具。下文提到：数十亿英镑被投入到改善首都的交通设施。所以选F(这是因为交通建设工作进行所有必要的维护以保证公共交通的安全运行。)前后一致。5B考查上下文的语境理解能力。在2012年奥运会期间，数十亿英镑被投入到改善首都的交通设施。其中包括“Olympic Javelin”，一个有着12节车厢的火车，使得从国王的十字圣潘克拉斯车站到伦敦市中心仅仅需要7分钟的时间。故选B前后一致。六(2014贵州省六校联盟第二次联考)Doctors Say Most Heart Disease PreventableHeart disease is the number one killer, worldwide, of men and women over the age of 60. But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year. And while death rates have declined in the US. and many western European countries, they are on the rise in the developing world. _1_. No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack. She was not overweight. She did not smoke or exercise. “In 2004, the week after I turned 49, when I was on a business trip in Chicago, I had a major heart attack，” she said. _2_. She now exercises daily, and monitors her heart health. Dr. Patrice Nickens, who is with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable. “_3_，” she said.“Men are also facing the same problem, and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers.”“Your weight, your blood cholesterol, blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk，” she said. _4_. “And the steps to take are simple: dont smoke, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，” she said. AfricanAmericans are at higherthanaverage risk for heart disease and stroke; people dont even know they have it, which increases the risk. Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population. _5_. For example, helping the people monitor their blood pressure. If people realize they are at risk for heart disease, theyll make lifestyle changes: lose weight, exercise, eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor. AA healthy lifestyle can prevent heart diseaseBSo we must cure heart diseaseCIt is the leading cause of death for womenDWith the right training, they can play an important role in community healthEAnd that changed her lifeFLack of exercise causes heart attacksGYet most heart disease is preventable文章大意：医生说大多数心脏病是可以预防的。答案：1G根据前面所讲心脏病在全世界范围内越来越严重，最后用Yet most heart disease is preventable表示转折。故G项符合上下文。2E根据其后面句She now exercises daily, and monitors her heart health。故E项解释符合上下文。3C根据其后面一句Men are also facing the same problem。故C项符合上下文。4A根据下文可知健康的生活方式可以阻止心脏病。故A项正确。5D根据下面的例子For example, helping the people monitor their blood pressure.，说明正确的锻炼对健康起重要的作用。七(2014许昌新乡平顶山三市二模)How to Survive High SchoolHigh school can be a terrible phase if you get it all wrong. Find out how to survive high school with a few easy tips.1Be Yourself.High school is a fun time to make new friends, meet new people, date and socialize. Make friends with all kinds of people and not just a group which you are comfortable with. Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen. _1_ Dont give in to anyones wants.2_2_Choose your friends carefully and make sure you wont get influenced by anyone. Socialize, but by judging who you can connect to. You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who dont want to be your friends as a bad company is tempting, but the good one is true.3Be Optimistic.There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can. _3_ Dont be afraid to make friends, dont get aggressive or personal with anyone and treat others the way you want to be treated. Respect your teachers and classmates and try to be helpful if you want the same in return.4Be Confident.When you believe in yourself, others believe in you. Talk, walk and address people confidently and this will create a strong image about you. _4_ Be creative and unique and learn to set trends. Confidence is one quality you grow with, and people respect you for that.5Love High School._5_ Make the most out of it, and you will never get those moments back. Come up with prank ideas, get a detention, top your class, make the best friends, drink, go to prom, party, but just make as many memories as you can!With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of graduating as an all round approaching adult carrying the best roots. So, when you throw those hats in the air, feel the freedom and remember every moment you spent in “High School”AAnd always wear your smile.BKeep Good Company.CJust be yourself and create a strong self image.DPractice positive thinking.EDo your thing, and dont imitate others.FFall in love with it.GStudy as hard as you can in your spare time.文章大意：高中阶段的学习是很重要的，如果弄不好，是很痛苦的阶段，文章介绍了几个方法能更好的度过高中阶段。答案：1C考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文：Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen.可知：要做自己，建立更加牢固的自我形象，所以选C。2B考查段落大意。根据这段的句子：You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who dont want to be your friends as a bad company is tempting, but the good one is true.可知这段主要讲的是：要和好人交朋友，所以选B。3D考查句意理解和上下文。根据上文：There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can.可知：要练习积极的想法，所以选D。4E考查句意理解和上下文。根据下文：Be creative and unique and learn to set trends.可知：做自己的事情，不要模仿别人，所以选E。5F考查句意理解和上下文。根据这段的小标题：Love High School.可知：要爱上高中，所以选F。八(2014嘉峪关市一中第六次模拟)Culture ShockCulture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. _1_The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. _2_ Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore.Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive. _3_ The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good._4_ The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable. Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages._5_ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college). AYou feel that friends should help each other to deal with culture shock. BAnd you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand.CIn addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.DYou become tired of many things about the new culture. EYou have learned enough to understand the new culture.FYou begin to understand you need to travel a lot.GAnd everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you. 答案：1G根据The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place.可知这里想说每一件事情看起来都很不可思议，每个人看起来都对你很好，故选G。2D根据The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. _2_ Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore.可知这里想说你对新文化的很多事情都感到厌烦，故选D。3B根据Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive. _3_ The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.可知这里想说你努力理解你不懂的每一件事情，故选B。4E根据The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable. 可知这里想说对于新文化的理解，你已经了解的足够多了，故选E。5C根据Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages._5_ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college)可知这里想说另外，文化冲击不仅仅局限于海外的访问者，故选C。九(2014北京市海淀区下学期期中)There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. _1_The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else._2_ Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we dont have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before
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