资源描述
Unit1Friendship重点词组：be good to 对.友好 add up 合计get sth done 使被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏；隐藏be concerned about 关心；挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物go through 经历；仔细检查 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套be crazy about 对着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了face to face 面对面地 get along with 与相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装according to 按照；根据所说have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做有困难communicate with sb 和交际try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动） fall in love 相爱have the/a habit of doing sth 有做的习惯句型归纳：1.I wonder if 我想知道是否.2. Its because 这是因为. 3. It was the first time that 从句（从句用完成时）4.I would be grateful if 委婉客气提出请求5. Its a good habit for you to do sth 做某事是一个好习惯6. sb found it difficult to do sth 发现做某事很困难7. A friend in need is a friend indeed.:患难见真情 语法：直接引语和间接引语在形式上是不同的，他们之间相互转换的话，有哪些方面需要变换呢？总体如下： 各种句式变换 从句时态变化 人称变化 指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语变化一、陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，原句变为用连词that引导的宾语从句（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。1. 人称的变化(一随主，二随宾，三不更新)2. 时态的变化： 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。1) 一般现在时一般过去时态； 2) 现在进行时过去进行时；3) 现在完成时过去完成时；4) 一般过去时过去完成时5)一般将来时过去将来时；6) 过去完成时不变。但要注意在以下几种情况下，在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。1）直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。2）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。3）直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。5）如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例如ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时（例如could, should, would, might），时态不再变。3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：时间状语：now then; today that day;this evening/ tonight that evening/ that night; yesterday the day before;three days ago three days before; next week the next week; tomorrow the next day; the day after tomorrow in two days time; the day before yesterday two days before/earlier地点状语：here there指示代词：this that; these those方向性动词：come go；bring take二、疑问句： 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面），句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。 一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked，原问句变成由连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的可以根据情况加上。特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。选择疑问句选择疑问句变间接引语时，把问句部分变为whetheror引导的宾语从句。Unit2重点词组：inways 在方面 such as 例如believe it or not 信不信由你come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在末期 be based on 在.基础上changeinto 把变成 takewith随身携带 the sameas 与相同的be a native of 是人 have a command of掌握make a request 请求 request that (should)+v原形 be native to 是的土产动物/植物play a role/ part (in) 在中担任角色；在中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与play an important role/ part 在中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用from one place to another 从一处到另一处 句型归纳：1.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. (in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)2.there is more than one kind of English in the world. (more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数) 3.句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.语法：祈使句的间接引语1、直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do (由肯定祈使句变成)；ask sb. not to do (由否定祈使句变成)，并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。2、有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如： 3、当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求、建议意义时，可用ask sb to do sth. /suggest doing/ advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。 4、直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导Unit3TravelJournal重点词组：one-way fare 单程票 round-trip fare 往返票 graduate from 从毕业care about 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾 give in (to) 投降；屈服；让步 give up 放弃 give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一样at midnight 午夜at an altitude of 在海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s) 对态度change ones mind 改变主意 make up ones mind to do 决心干某事sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉 dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事get sb interested in 使某人对.感兴趣 insist on (ones) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事cant wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事for one thing for another （用来引出某事的理由）一则 二则句子归纳：1. 强调句基本句型：it is/ was. that.其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。2. insist that.(should)+ v原形 坚持要；坚持要求 insist that.陈述语气 坚持说；坚持认为 语法：现在进行时表将来1. 现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件，常表示最近或较近的将来，有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”，给人期待感，多是转移动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。2. 进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词，如do, buy, meeting, having, play, spend等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。不用进行时的动词：1. 表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。2. 表示心理状态的动词，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, need,recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。3. 瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。4. 系动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。一般将来时的几种表达方法：1. will/ shall do表示单纯的将来，预见未来要发生的事情。will用于各种人称，shall一般用于第一人称。注意：will表示单纯的将来通常不用于状语从句中，而用一般现在时代替。if引导的条件状语从句中用will表示主语的意愿。2. be going to指现在的打算、意图，表示最近的计划和安排。be going to可以表示眼前主观要做的事，也可表示与自己的意志无关，料及最近的将来要发生的事。3. be doing与表示将来的时间连用，表示不久的将来预计要发生的事或动作。4. be to do 表示按预定计划或安排要发生的事情；be to do还可以表示“注定”(常用于过去时描述过去的事实)、“可能性”、“义务”等。5. 一般现在时表示将来。分为两种情况：1）按照规定（如工作计划、各种时刻表）要发生的未来的动作，仅限于go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin等等。 2) 用于状语从句中6. be about to do 刚要，正要，表示非常近的将来。 be about to 不能和表示将来的时间副词连用。be about to do. when . 正要的时候事情发生了。辨析：1. be going to 和will/shall都可表示意图，有时可互换，但be going to着重强调事先考虑或决定的事；will 表示临时的打算或决定。用于条件句时，be going to表将来, will表意愿。2. be going to和be to do都可以表示将来的计划，但是be going to 还能表示不受主观控制要发生的事，而be to do不行。be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。Unit4Earthquakes 重点词组：have time to do 有时间做某事happen to do 碰巧做某事shake hands with sb 握手in ruins 成为废墟 cut across 穿过、横穿blow away 吹走、刮走fall down 倒塌judging.from 根据来判断tens of thousands of 成千上万dig out 挖掘burst into tears/ laughter /burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来 think little of 对评价低 be proud of / take pride in 以而自豪invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对评价高agree with sb give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的be trapped in/ under 陷入/ 陷在下面come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事agree to sthgive away 赠送；泄露 agree on sth 达成一致意见right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发句子归纳：1.It is always calm before a storm. 暴风雨来临前总是宁静的2.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义3.Its never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。4.it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的语法：定语从句（1）一、定语从句的定义 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词：关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分, 如主语、宾语或表语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中做主语时用who，做宾语的时候用whom。 关系代词在从句中做主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。3. which代表事物，先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的时候，就用which。4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。whose是关系代词，只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换。三、下面三种情况必须用that作为连接词。1. 看先行词是什么东西。当先行词是all, anything, nothing, everything, none, much, little, few, the one等不定代词时；当先行词既有人又有物时。2. 看先行词被什么修饰。当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词被all, any, every, no, only, very, last, next, one of等词所修饰时。3. 以which开头的疑问句中。四、以下情况不能用that作为先行词。1. 在非限制性定语从句中。2. 从句中的介词提到关系词之前的时候。3. 当先行词本身就是that时。 五、关系词能否省略1、当先行词在从句中做宾语的时候，关系词可以省略。2、在下面两种情况下，当先行词在从句中做宾语的时候，关系词也不能省略。1）. 非限制性定语从句中。2）. 从句的介词提到关系词前面的时候。Unit5NelsonMandela重点词组：lose heart 丧失勇气 worry about 担心 lose ones heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上be worried about 担心（状态）in trouble 处于不幸中be sentenced to 被判处be out of work = lose ones job 失业be equal to 相等的，平等的as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨 set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth)set off 出发，动身 set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在活跃keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为而死 die from 死于（外因） die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把投入监狱advise sb to do sth advise doing sthadvise sb on sth advise that (should)+ v原建议某人做某事fight for 为争取而斗争 fight against 为反对而斗争fight with 同并肩作战/ 同斗争 realize ones dream of 实现 的梦想answer violence with violence 以暴制暴come to power 当权，上台科网Z句子归纳：1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装2. the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句链接：Its the first time that 现在完成时 It was the first time that 过去完成时3. should have done 本应做而未做 neednt have done 本不应做而做了 cant have done 过去不可能做过语法：定语从句()一、where引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候，连接词就是where。而且先行词通常是place, house, city, country等等。 先行词为名词，但是加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语。二、When引导的定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候，连接词就是when，而且先行词通常是time, day, night, moment等等表示时间的名词。三、Why引导的定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是why，而且先行词通常是reason。但要注意，连接词的选择不能只看先行词的内容，最关键的就是看先行词在从句中的成分。四、定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。2.分析句子结构，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词，分析其后是否已经有宾语；如缺宾语则选择关系代词；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词，则选择关系副词。关于定语从句的注意点： 1. 有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where/介词+which引导定语从句。常见的有：situation/ case/ point/ circumstances/ stage/ family等。2. 先行词way引导的定语从句当先行词是way，意为“方法，方式”时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which, that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。课堂练习：一、单选题1. I need to get a part-time job_some money for my school expenses. A. in order that earnB. in order to earn C. earning D. earn2. It wasnt until we had sat down to eat_ we got back to the subject of Tom Holliday.A. whenB. whatC. thatD. which3. Mr. Smith, who was eight-four years old,_ the Second World War and had a couple of adventures. A. went onB. went forC. wentagainst D. went through4. Please _ the numbers and Im sure they will_ more than 1,000.A. add; add upB. add up; add upC. add up; add up toD. add to; add up5. Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it_ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A. came overB. came outC. came about D. came up6. The number of people invited_ fifty, but a number of them_ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, wereC. was, wasD. were, were7. Mr. Hall understands that _ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when8. He _all his important thoughts in his diary. A. set downB. set offC. set upD. set on9. Its the third time he _with her in a week. A. had quarreledB. quarreledC. has quarreledD. quarreling 10. The film _ on the book by Jack London is well worth_. A. basing; seeingB. based; being seenC. to be based; to seeD. based; seeing11. They began to think about what use could be _ such materials. A. made upB. made fromC. made ofD. made out12. _ he is determined to do something, no one is able to persuade him to_. A. If; give awayB. Although; give inC. As long as; give outD. Once; give up13. We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now. A. at the endB. at an endC. at one endD. at our end14. In that big fire all their houses were_, so they had to build new ones. A. hurtB. harmedC. injuredD. destroyed15. Ive read all the books _you gave me.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. that二、语法填空There are two basic stages to learn English. The first stage of learning this language would be very _1_ (interest). Once you have a good command of the alphabets(字母), _2_ (gradual) you can learn many words. It would always be better to follow the method of reading first, then writing. When you feel _3_ you have understood the words, you can make sentences. This is the most amusing stage to learn. You just think of a sentence in your mother language, and try to set _4_ the same sentence in English. There could be some mistakes, _5_ you should not worry about it. Youd better write the same sentence by _6_ (make) use of many different words till you are satisfied _7_ your sentence. If you follow this way, very soon you can create sentences of your own. _8_ second step is learning the grammar. Compared with _9_ languages, English is quite simple and very systematic(系统化的). There are certain rules and regulations for each and every topic in grammar of this language. As long as you follow the rules and regulations, _10_ would be a difficult task to make mistakes.三. 完成以下句子 66. 好象他不敢把此事告诉他们。 It seems that he _ _ _ tell them about it. 67. He _ his success _（把.归功于）good luck. 68. Would you like to _ us _ （加入到中来）playing football? 69. I rang you several times but couldnt _（接通电话） 70We tried to _ him _ （让他平静下来）, but he kept shouting excitedly. 71. His pen is not very good; Id like _ one _ you are using now. 72A lot of new questions _ _（被提出来） at the meeting yesterday. 73. I hope you wont have _ _ _ （在中有困难）your work. 74. Bad weather _ _（增加）our difficulties.75. He is such an easy-going person that he _ _ well _（相处）his classmates.四、阅读理解ANo one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon（外科医生）and part of it taken outToday，however，we neednt worry about feeling pain during the operationThe sick person falls into a kind of sleep， and when he awakes，the operation is finishedBut these happy conditions are fairly newIt is not many years since a man who had to have operation felt all its pain Long ago，operation had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everythingThe sick man had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best for himHe could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off，and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched Soon after 1770,Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “laughing gas”.Laughing gas became known in America.Young men and women went to parties to try it.Most of them spent their time laughing，but one man at a party，Horace Wells，noticed that people didnt seem to feel pain when they were using this gasHe decided to make an experiment on himselfHe asked a friend to help him Wells took some of the gas， and his friend pulled out one of Wells teeth Wells felt no pain at allAs he didnt know enough about laughing gas， he gave a man less gas than he should haveThe man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out Wells tried again，but this time he gave too much of the gas，and the man diedWells never forgot this terrible event 1 It is since a man being operated felt all the pain A a few more years B not long C few years D two thousand years2 Long ago， when the sick man was operated on，he A could feel nothing B could not want anything C could feel all the pain D could do anything3 Using the laughing gas,the people did not seem to A be afraid of anything B feel pain C want to go to the parties D be ill4 If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on，he A felt nothing B felt very comfortable（舒服的） C still felt pain D would die5 One who took too much of the laughing gas A would laugh all the time B would die C would never feel pain D would be very calmBA Faithful Dog More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert. One day the Prince wanted to go hunt-ing with his men. He told his dog to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle, which was like a small bed. When the Prince came back from hunt-ing, Gelert ran out to meet his master. He wagged his tail and jumped up to put his paws on the Princes chest. Then the Prince saw the blood on Gelerts jaws and head. What have you done? the Prince said. He rushed into his house and looked for his baby son. The cradle was lying on its side on the floor. The clothes were torn and there was blood on them. So you have killed my son? the Prince said angrily. You unfaithful dog! He took out his sword and killed the dog. Just as Gelert was dying, he managed to bark. Then the Prince heard a baby call to the dog. The Prince ran out of the house and saw his son lying on the ground unhurt. Near him was a dead wolf. Then the Prince knew that Gelert had defended the baby and killed the wolf. The Prince ran back into the house but he was too late. Gelert was dead. The Prince was very sad indeed. Tears ran down his face when he realized he had killed his faith-ful friend. The Prince carried the body of his brave dog to the top of a mountain and buried him there. After this, the Prince never smiled again. Every morning at dawn, he walked up the mountain and stood by the dogs grave for a few minutes. If you go to Mount Snowdon in Wales, people will show you where Gelert is buried. There is a sign by his grave. It reminds peo-ple of a brave and faithful dog. 1. Gelert was the dog of the Prince of _. A. Scotland B. England C. Ireland D. Wales 2. The Prince told the dog to _ when he was leaving. A. watch the door B. take care of his baby at home C. welcome his friends D. stop the strangers 3. The dog was very _ when his master came back from hunting. A. glad B. fearful C. afraid D. tired 4. The Prince was surprised to see blood on Gelerts _. A. jaws B. paws C. head D. Both A and C. 5. The Prince never smiled again because _ A. the wolf was killed by Gelert B. he had buried the dog on the top of mountain C. he had killed his faithful friend Gelert D. Gelert had killed his baby son
展开阅读全文