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定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案第1讲 关系词的选择技巧 第十二章 定语从句考点1. 相关概念A. 主句、从句、关系词例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。） (例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用 i. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii. 起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 10Error! Reference source not found.）。iii. 代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）B. 关系代词i. 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.ii. 指物时可以用which, 也可用that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.iii. whose可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.iv. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略C. 关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如： We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)基础过关1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man _ /_ was here yesterday is a painter. The man _ /_ /_ /_ I saw is called Smith. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _ /_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _ / _ /_ I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy _ / _ / _ / _ you are looking for. Do you know the reason _ he was late for the meeting？ This is the school _ I used to study. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time.2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：_ 定语从句:（ ）先行词：先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about？ I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister. There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born?考点2. 关系词的选择技巧A. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies.在句和句中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句和句中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句和句中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句和句中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。B. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1. 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）2. 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）3. 替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如： This is the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：I once studied at the school.The school is the most famous in the city.My father teaches English at the school.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. whereC. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. thatB. whatC. howD. why2. Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work?A. thatB. whatC. howD. why3. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill.A. why; thatB. that; why C. for that; thatD. for which; what4. He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose5. He lives in the village _ he was born.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose6. In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what8. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. thatB. /C. whenD. A and B9. 【2014湖南】I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where10. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in whichB. /C. howD. that11. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced?A. whenB. the one whereC. thatD. in which12. Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced?A. whichB. the one whereC. thatD. in which13. This is the factory _ produces color TV sets.A. whereB. the one whereC. thatD. in which14. 【2010天津】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. asB. whichC. whereD. that15. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. that16. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who17. 【2012江西】By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that18. 【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom I. 单句改错1. 【2010重庆】Firstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets. 2. 【2010重庆】After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. 3. 【2006江西】I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.4. I often think of the days when we spent on the island together. 5. This is the museum where you visited the other day. 6. Have you ever been to Shanghai, where I left ten years ago?II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）7. 【2014新课标】Maybe you have a habit_ is driving your family crazy. 8. 【2014广东】The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _we watched some people play volleyball. 9. 【2014湖南】People should not do things _ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. 10. 【2014安徽】The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.11. 【2015课标】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.12. 【2015广东】When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the town met regularly.III. 写作技能提升13. 【2012上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)14. 这本书对我帮助很大，特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must）15. 我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。（involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience）16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。 第2讲 只能用that不能用which的情况考点1. 先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时1. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading.A. whichB. asC. whoD. that2. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. whoB. thatC. asD. what 考点2. 先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时3. There is not much _ can be done.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how4. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what 5. 【2014陕西】Please send us all the information_ you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what6. You can take any seat _ is free.A. thatB. /C. whichD. it考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same修饰时7. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; thatB. that; which C. which; whichD. that; that8. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. thatB. itC. whichwho9. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom 10. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what 11. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrived C. that youve arrivedD. when youve arrived考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that12. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that13. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what考点5. 关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主语时, that可指人或物，且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been.这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。14. She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be.A. whatB. whoC. whenD. that考点6. 当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that同理，当先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词which或who。如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?15. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom 16. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that17. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn考点7. 注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：18. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose19. This is the same house _ her grandfather was born.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whoseI. 单句改错1. Is there anything which belongs to you? 2. Both the girl and her dog which were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. 3. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）4. These people once had fame and fortune; now all_ is left to them is utter poverty. 5. I like the second football match _ was held last week. thatIII. 写作技能提升6. 【2010湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此自豪，她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。（so proud of, all, reward, trip）7. 这个就是我一直在寻找的那本书。( the very book )8. 【2004上海】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it, cooperate, stick to)9. 在那边扫地的那个女的是谁？(Who, sweep the floor)10. 她已不再是过去的她。11. 如果有你一个人不能克服的困难，你可以向你的父母或朋友求助。（ any difficulty, overcome, turn to第3讲 其他有关关系代词选择的规则考点1. 只用which, who, whom不用that的情况A. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who。1. 【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that2. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that3. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in that4. 【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whomB. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略。 （参看P134第6讲）5. 【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. that6. 【2012全国】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when考点2. whose可指人也可指物若指物，它还可以同of which互换; 若指人，一般不与of whom互换1. He lives in a house. Its window faces south.He lives in a house whose window faces south.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.2. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.由于我们一般说his son，不说the son of him, 因此我们只能说:He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University.7. I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with disease. A. whereB. of whichC. in whichD. whose8. 【2010陕西】The old temple, _ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose9. 【2014山东】A company_ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. why 10. 【2013福建】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which考点3. 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用whoAnyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。考点4. what不能作关系代词；one 作同位语11. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. itD. what12. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ he wanted to be.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which13. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, _ he thought he would never see.A. whatB. thatC. oneD. it14. 【2010山东】Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.A. itB. thatC. whatD. oneI. 单句改错1. 【2013海南/新课标】Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.2. She showed me the dictionary, on that she spent most of her money.II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）3. Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, _who often cares about our life and study at school.4. 【2009安徽】Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 5. The old man has two sons, both of _ are lawyers. 6. 【2015四川】The books on the desk, _ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.III. 写作技能提升7. 【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。(through the course of, meet, two of, influence)8. 参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visiting your city, experience, one, treasure for the rest of my life）9. 那些树，树枝几乎秃了，都有数百年了。（branches, bare, hundreds of ）第4讲 as, but, than用作关系代词考点1. as引导限制性定语从句例题：I had never heard such an interesting story _ you told me yesterday.A. thatB. whichC. asD. that/which有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住：如果先行词被such, the same, so+形容词+a/an，as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。此时，as同that, who, which, whom一样，是关系代词，代指the same, so, such和as引导的短语，常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。A. 先行词被such修饰时，构成“suchas”。Its such a heavy stone as nobody can move.那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。（as作宾语）Dont trust such men as praise you to your face. 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。(as作主语)B. 先行词被the same修饰时，构成“the sameas”。We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have. 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。(as作主语)This is the same watch as was worn by John. 这与约翰戴的那块表一样。(as作主语)C. 在 “asas” 句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。它可以看作是 “as+形容词+as” 的一种变化形式。 He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一样好。这句话还可以表达为：He is as good a boy as his brother.Its as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as作宾语)这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。（参看P.42Error! Reference source not found.）D. 在“so+形+冠+n. + as”句型中 (He is so good a student as every teacher likes.)它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as（第一种情况）的一种变化形式。He is such a good student as every teacher likes. 他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。用so可以表达为：He is so good a student as every teacher likes.（参看P.42Error! Reference source not found.）考点2. the sameas与the samethatthe sameas指同一类，the samethat指同一个。 I bought the same car as yours.我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。 This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。考点3. suchas 和such.that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）suchas “像样的”，as引导的是定语从句，as作句子成分；suchthat“如此以至于”，that引导的是结果状语从句, that不作句子成分。判断办法：如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked it out.（成分完整，结果状语从句, 填that）译为：这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked out.（成分不完整，定语从句, 填as）译为：这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。练习1. He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with _.A. as; himB. that; /C. as; /D. whom; him2. It wasnt such a good present _ he had promised me. A. thatB. asC. whichD. what 3. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. whenB. asC. whose D. what4. This is such a heavy box _ I cant move it.A. asB. thatC. whichD. whose5. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. A. asB. thatC. whichD. whose6. Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where7. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift.A. thatB. asC. whichD and8. I received _ nice a gift _ my mother promised.A. the same; asB. as; as C. such; asD. the same; that9. I want to use the same tools _ used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which10. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as考点4. but用作关系代词（选学内容）but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that which whonot”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。 There is no mother but loves her own children. （There is no mother thatwho does not love her own children. ）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who dont）很少有人不赞赏他的才干。 There is no rule but has exception.凡规则都有例外。考点5. than用作关系代词 （选学内容）than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。如： You make more money than is intended to make.你挣得的钱比预计的要多。 There were more casualties than was reported.伤亡人数比报道的要多。 Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。I. 单句改错1. He isnt such a man that he used to be. 2. He is not such a man who would leave his work half done. 3. It was so difficult a problem that no one worked out. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）4. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.5. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.III. 写作技能提升6. 起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。（kind of odd, such questions as）7. 他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（such a man, put offuntil tomorrow）8. 在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。（receive as good a gift）9. 我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那支钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger）10. 英语是如此有用的一门语言，世界上许多人都在学它。（so useful, learn it）第5讲 关系副词关系副词有when, where, why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语；how不能作关系副词。考点1. 关系副词在定语从句中常作状语1. 【2015陕西】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when2. 【2009重庆】Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where 3. 【2012浙江】We live in an age _ more information
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