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Unit 1Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. We havent got any in dark blue.2. We cant make it at nine tomorrow.3. My telephone number is not 65031609.4. I dont like the black jumper.5. He wont come by the 7:30 train.(The word or digit in bold has the most stress)Exercise:1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. bPart 2 Listening and Note-takingDriving Carefully Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about, particularly in crowded shopping streets, when you see a bus stopped, or near a parked mobile shop. Watch out for pedestrians coming from behind parked or stopped vehicles, or from other places where you might not be able to see them. Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road. Drive slowly near schools, and look out for children getting on or off school buses. Stop when signalled to do so by a school crossing patrol showing a Stop-Children sign. Be careful near a parked ice-cream vanchildren are more interested in ice-cream then in traffic. When coming to a zebra crossing, be ready to slow down or stop to let people cross. You must give way once they have stepped onto a crossing. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop. Give yourself more time to slow down or stop on wet or icy roads. Never overtake just before a zebra crossing.Exercise A:1. Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about.2. Three out of four pedestrians killed are either under fifteen or over sixty.3. Be careful near a parked ice-cream vanchildren are more interested in ice-cream than in traffic.4. When coming to a zebra crossing, be ready to slow down or stop to let people cross.5. You must give way once they have stepped onto a crossing.Exercise B:Driving CarefullyI. Look out for pedestriansA. Drive carefully at crowded shopping streets.B. Drive carefully near a bus stop.C. Drive carefully near a parked mobile shop.II. Look out for the young, the old and the disabledA. Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty.B. The young and the elderly may not judge speeds very well.C. Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.III. Look out for childrenA. Stop at a StopChildren sign.B. Drive slowly near a parked ice-cream van.IV. Coming to a zebra crossingA. Slow down or stop to let people cross.B. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop.C. Never overtake just before a zebra crossing.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Making ArrangementsMum: Hello.Tessa: Hi, Mum. Its me. How are you?Mum: Oh, Im fine, Tessa. I except youre phoning to find out how the arrangements for your party are going?Tessa: Yes. Thats right. You know, its really good of you and Dad to make all the arrangements while Im away. I really dont know what Id do without you!Mum: Oh, there is not that much to do really. In fact, your father and I are quite enjoying itTessa: Good. So how are thing going?Mum: Well, lets see. Ive already hired the hall, so thats OK.Tessa: Have you found anyone to do the disco yet?Mum: No, not yet, dear.Tessa: Well, do you think you could do that soon, Mum? It might not be easy. What about the equipment?Mum: Well, were having the sound system and records delivered by a local company next week.Tessa: Good. That should be all right. What about the bar?Mum: Thats all under control. Were having the drinks delivered next week.Tessa: Great! Have you organised the food? Are you cooking it?Mum: What, for 70 people? You must be joking! No, I think Ill have it done by the caterers* in the village.Tessa: Youll do that soon, wont you? Theyll need a bit of notice.Mum: Mmm. Of course. Now, I had the invitations printed last week. The stationers did them, but I havent had time to send them yetTessa: Oh, Mum, but the partys in ten days! Send them soon, will you, or well have no guests!Mum: Yes, Im sorry, dear. Look, Ill phone everyone too. Ive been so busy with all the arrangements DoneTo be doneRelevant informationThe placeThe hall has been hired.The discoTo find someone to do it.The equipmentThe sound system and records will be delivered by a local company next week.The barThe drinks will be delivered next week.The food To have it done by the caterers in the village.The invitationsThey are printed and will be sent soon.Dialogue 2 Fast Food SurveyA: Excuse me, do you mind answering a few questions?B: No.A: Um firstly, do you ever eat fast food.B: Yes, yes, I do.A: What kind of fast food do you normally eat?B: Oh, er you know, burgers, sandwiches, well sometimes like a pizza or, you know, kebabs*.A: Oh, right. And how often do you eat fast food? Every day, more than once a week or less than once a week?B: Er, well Monday to Friday when Im working er, yeah every day, um but notnot usually at the weekends.A: And what time of day do you eat fast food?B: Well, at work as I said, you know at lunchtime, um you know, I sort of go out and get a burger or sandwich. Sometimes, you know, if, if Im going out and Ive no time to cook in the evenings then Ill, Ill send out for a pizza.A: Oh, right. Do you only eat it as a main meal or do you snack between meals?B: No, only as a main meal, you know lunch or, or in the evening.A: And what do you think of fast food? Which statements do you think are true? Um, either “Its convenient”.B: Oh, definitely. I mean, thats sort of the main reason that I eat it.A: Right. How about “It tastes good”?B: Yeah. Um, I mean, not as good as food like in a, in a good restaurant, but its not bad.A: “Its good for you”?B: No. Sort of eating quickly and standing up. Its sort of bad for you. The food itself isnt very good for you, you know theres not enough greens, um you know, vegetables or salad.A: Mm. How about “Its an expensive way of eating”? What do you think of that?B: Oh, yes it is, er but youre paying for the convenience, you know the speed of it. Er, well, I certainly think that its cheaper than you know cooking your own food.A: Er, and what about lastly “It creates litter.” Do you think thats true?B: Yes, yes, it does. Only I, I always put mine in a you know in a litter bin, but er unfortunately a lot of people dont, um but in the packaging there is a lot of paper involved and plastic and sometimes polystyrene*.Exercise A:How often do you eat fast food?Every dayEvery weekdayAt the weekendsOccasionallyAt what time of the day do you eat fast food?BreakfastLunchDinnerBetween mealsExercise B:It is convenient and fast, thought it doesnt taste as good as food in good a restaurant. However it is bad to ones health because there are not enough vegetables. It is also quite an expensive way of eating, but youre paying for the convenience. And it creates litter because in the packaging there is a lot of paper, plastic and sometimes polystyrene involved.Part 2 Passage SnackIts 3:15 in the afternoon and half the office just stepped out* for a coffee break. Your eyelids are starting to close and 7-11 is just around the corner. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up*. So you, too, go out for an afternoon snack.Sometimes we eat simply because everyone else is doing it. Other times we eat when we feel tired, bored or depressed. Snacking for the wrong reasons can lead to overeating and unhealthy diet.Of course, there are times when our bodies really need extra energy. Here are four tips to keep your snacking on the right track. 1. Know why youre eating. Using food to change your feelings can be a dangerous habit. An order of French fries might distract* you from feeling sad for a while, but its only a temporary cure. Once the fries are gone, the problem is still there. If youre feeling lonely, dont reach into the refrigerator. Call a friend. If youre feeling stressed, take a 10-minute walk. 2. Find a healthy pick-me-up*. If youre truly hungry, a healthy snack can give you the boost of energy you need. If you like fresh foods, bring a small bag of tomatoes or apples slices to work whit you. To tame your sweet tooth, try a handful of dried fruit. A serving of nuts can be a perfect pick-me-up. They have the right combination of nutrients to give you the energy you need. But wait until youre hungry to find something to eat. Plan ahead and bring something healthy with you. 3. Eat just one serving. Dont open up a whole box of crackers and start munching away. Instead, pull out just one serving and put away the box. 4. Think of snacks as mini-meals. Eating small, healthy snack can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal. Instead of eating three big meals each day, split them into four or five mini-meals. You may actually eat less food overall. Use these tips to help you plan snacks ahead of time. The next time you have a snack attack, tame your hunger the healthy way.Exercise A:a soda or a bag of chips; a piece of cake; a sandwich; a small bag of tomatoes; a small bag of apple slices; a serving of nuts; a glass of low-fat-milk; a serving of crackers, etc.Exercise B:1. A2. D3. B4. C5. D6. B7. C8. AExercise C:1. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up.2. Using food to change your feeling can be a dangerous habit.3. If youre feeling lonely, dont reach into the refrigerator. Call a friend.4. A serving of nuts can be a perfect pick- me-up.5. Eating small, healthy snacks can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1The Japanese electronic giant Sony has slashed its annual earnings forecast again. Its expected to report an annual operating loss of almost 3 billion dollars. The company had previously forecast a profit of 2 billion dollars. If confirmed, this would be Sonys first loss in 14 years, the second only since the company was listed on the Tokyo stock exchange in 1958. Like other Japanese exporters, Sony is taking a beating from the global slump. The yens appreciation also means less profit - as the company gets 80 percent of its sales from overseas.A: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about Sonys first loss in 14 years.B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. TNews Item 2 World Trade Organization ministers are meeting in Montreal*, Canada. The trade ministers have been debating the issue of reducing import taxes and government aid for certain services, especially farming. Major agricultural exporters like the United States, Australia and Brazil want all import duties cut to an average of 25%. Importers such as the European Unions, Japan and some developing countries say import taxes should be cut by some reasonable percentage based on the country. The United States and European Unions are under pressure to reach a farming agreement that other WTO members can support. The WTO is also divided on the issue of providing necessary drugs to poor countries.A: Listen and complete the news summary.This news item is about a world Trade Organization meeting on reducing taxes and government farming aid.B: Listen and fill in the blanks with what you hear.The trade ministers have been debating the issue of reducing important taxes and government aid for certain services, especially farming. Major agricultural exports like the Unites States, Australia and Brazil want all import duties cut to an average of 25%. Importers such as the European Unions, Japan and some developing countries say import taxes should be cut by some reasonable percentage based on the country.New Item 3Russian gas could soon be flowing back into Europe. A spokesman for Naftogaz, the Ukrainian state energy company, told the BBC that Ukraine would accept the presence of Russian monitors as part of a broader EU mission to check the volume of Russian gas entering and exiting Ukraine. This appeared on Thursday night to be the key demand from Moscow, the condition on which Gazprom, the Russian energy giant, would agree to turn on the taps. But, even if the deal is accepted by all sides and gas flows to Europe resume, there are still difficult negotiations ahead on the underlying issue that caused the switch-off in the first place: how much Ukraine should pay Russia for the gas it consumes, and how much Russia should pay Ukraine in return, in transit fees. Until that issue is resolved, this crisis is far from settled. Exercise A: Listen and summarize the news item.This news item is about the crisis between Russian and Ukraine in terms of gas supply.Exercise B: Listen again and answer the questions.1. What was the condition on which Russian would agree to resume its gas supply to Europe?Ukraine would allow Russian monitors to check the volume of Russian gas entering and exiting Ukraine. 2. When did Russia give that key demand?On Thursday night.3. Would Ukraine accept the deal?Yes, Ukraine would accept the deal. 4. What was the underlying issue that caused the switch-off in the first place?The underlying issue was how much Ukraine should pay Russia for the gas it consumes, and how much Russia should pay Ukraine in return, in transit fees.5. Is the crisis between Russian and Ukraine settled? why?No, it isnt. Until that issue is resolved, this crisis is far from settled. Section Three Oral WorkHow long can anyone live in Germany without a purchase of either a cold stein *of beer or a clock? It didnt take long for the beer, but my search for just the right clock took a few years.In my search I found a cuckoo clock, an old French Tic-Tac clock, and a gold time piece giving the precise time anywhere in the world. Than came the grandmother clock with the lovely crystal panes*but still no chiming grandfather clock.Suddenly I received a phone call from a friend. She knew a man whose mother had to move out of her home and furniture was being sold. She asked whether I was interested in a very old clock.I made the trip into the countryside and found a small German home with lovely flower gardens.The family greeted me as a long-lost friend. We had coffee and apple cakes and then we headed for the attic. I knew the minute I saw himthe old grandfather. Surely he would be expensive! I said, “Yes!” We returned to our coffee and I asked the big question. “How much?” I paid 45 German Marks in cash, one large can of peaches, a pound of coffee, and a box of Lipton Tea.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1 World Sight DayBackground Information:Onchocerciasis: A disease caused by infestation with filarial worms of the genus Onchocerca, especially a disease of human beings caused by O. volvulus and characterized by nodular swellings on the skin and lesions of the eyes. Transmitted by black flies, the disease occurs in tropical regions of Africa and Central America. Also called river blindness (盘尾丝虫病：一种由盘尾丝虫属 的丝虫传播引起的疾病，尤指由 盘尾丝虫 引起的人类疾病，症状是皮肤上有结瘤状的肿块和眼睛发炎。由刺螫蝇传播，常见于非洲和中美洲的热带地区。也作river blindness。)An estimated 135 million people have low vision. 40 to 45 million others cannot see at all. Health experts warm that the number of blind people will increase sharply as the world population grows, and grows older. They say the number of blind people could almost double by 2020.Yet the World Health Organization says that in eight out of ten cases, blindness can be cured or avoided. October the ninth was World Sight Day. A campaign called vision 2020 released* materials to help government and health workers develop national plans to prevent blindness.Vision 2020 is a joint effort of the WHO and International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. The goal is to end preventable blindness by 2020. The campaign targets four main causes.Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy. In most of Africa and Asia, cataracts cause at least half the cases of blindness that can be cured. A simple operation can remove cataracts*.Trachoma* is an infectious disease spread person-to-person and by insects. Trachoma causes about 15 percent of all cases of blindness. Most of the cases are in Africa. The disease can be treated with antibiotic medicines and an operation to correct the damage.The disease known as river blindness is also found mostly in Africa. Flies spread the infection. A yearly treatment of the drug Mectizan can control the disease.Finally, a lack of vitamin A as a result of poor nutrition is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children.Vision 2020 says that every five seconds another person in the world goes blind. Most blind people live in developing nations. India has at least nine million. About six million are in China, and seven million in Africa. Officials estimate that the world economy loses about 28,000 million dollars each year from curable blindness.A resolution passed by the World Health Assembly in May urges all governments to develop national plans to prevent blindness.Exercise A:1. The World Sight Day is on October the ninth.2. The World Health Organization says in eight out of ten cases, blindness can be cured or avoided.3. A campaign called Vision 2020 aims at the prevention of blindness.4. The blindness that can be cured or avoided mostly occurs in developing nations.Exercise B:1. Name: Cataracts Treatment: A simple operation can remove cataracts.2. Name: Trachoma Treatment: Antibiotic medicines and an operation can correct the damage.3. Name: River blindness Treatment: The drug Mectizan can control the disease.4. Malnutrition leads to a lack of vitamin A. Treatment: Food and medicine with ample vitamin A can cure the disease.Passage 2 Tips to Healthy Eating and Physical ActivityBreakfast fills your “empty tank” to get you going after a long night without food. And it can help you do better in school. Easy-to-prepare breakfasts include cold cereal with fruit and low-fat milk, whole-wheat toast with peanut butter, yogurt *with fruit, whole-grain waffles or even last nights pizza! Its easy to fit physical activities into your daily routine. Walk, bike or jog to see friends. Take a 10-minute activity break every hour while you read, do homework or watch TV. Climb stairs instead of taking an escalator or elevator. Try to do these things for a total of 30 minutes every day. Snacks are a great way to refuel. Choose snacks from different food groupsa glass of low-fat milk and a few graham* crackers, an apple or celery sticks with peanut butter and raisins*, or some dry cereal. If you eat smart at other meals, cookies, chips and candy are OK for occasional snacking. Vigorous work-outs*when youre breathing hard and sweatinghelp your heart pump better, give you more energy and help you look and feel best. Start with a warm-up that stretches your muscles. Include 20 minutes of aerobic activity, such as running, jogging, or dancing. Follow up with activities that help make you stronger such as push-ups or lifting weights. Then cool down with more stretching and deep breathing. Being active is much more fun with friends or family. Encourage others to join you and plan one special physical activity event, like a bike ride or hiking, with a group each week. You dont have to give up foods like hambur
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