初中八种时态详解.doc

4 初中八种时态精讲 （一）一般现在时的语法讲解: 1). 当谓语动词是be动词时，根据主语的人称和数，分别用am,is,are. 肯定句：主+be动词+其它. e.g. I am in Nanyang. 否定句：主+be动词+not+其它. e.g. He is not a teacher. 一般疑问句：-Be动词+主语+其它？ e.g. -Is he a teacher? -Yes, 主+be. / No, 主+be not. -Yes, he is. /No, he isnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其它？ e.g. Where is he from? What is your name? 2).当谓语动词是实义动词时，分以下两种情况： A. 当主语不是单三时(I, you, they, we, A and B, 复数)： 肯定句：主语+实义动词原形+其它. e.g. You like English. 否定句：主语+dont+实义动词原形+其它. e.g. You dont like English. 一般疑问句：-Do +主语+动原形+其它？ e.g. -Do you like English? -Yes, 主语+do. /No,主语+dont. -Yes, I do./No, I dont. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do+主语+动原形+其它？ e.g. Where do you live? What do they want to do? B当主语是单三时（he, she, it,某一个人，单数）： 肯定句：主语+实义动词单三形式+其它. e.g. He likes English. 否定句：主语+doesnt+动词原形+其它. e.g. He doesnt like English. 一般疑问句：-Does +主语+动原+其它 -Yes, 主语+does. /No,主语+doesnt. e.g. -Does he like English? -Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+does+主语+动原形+其它？ e.g. Where does he live? What does she want to do? (3)常见的时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes,never,seldom( 频度副词） every week (day, year, month), once a week, twice， on Sundays( 二 ）一般过去式1、 概念：表示过去发生的动作、事件、情况，而现在已结束，也可以表示过去时间里经常性或习惯性的动作，或主语过去的性格和能力。2、 常见的时间状语 yesterday ,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening just now刚才in the past过去the day before yesterday前天 ago短语：a moment ago, an hour ago, three weeks ago, two months ago, 等 in+时间点：in 2000， in 1995， in 1880 last短语：last week上周/last year去年/last month上个月/last night昨天晚上一、 记牢下面的表格：谓语动词是be动词时肯定句：主语+was/were+其他。如：She was at home last night.You were born on June 7th.否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+其他。如：She wasnt at school today.They werent in Nanyang yesterday.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ Yes,主语+was/were. No,主语+wasnt/werent. 如：Were you 12 last year? Yes ,I was. No ,I wasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他 如：Where were you born? I was born in June.谓语动词是实义动词时肯定句：主语+实义动词的过去式+其他（时间、地点等）。如：He played games yesterday.否定句:主语+实义动词原形+其他 如：一般疑问句：_+主语+_+其他？ 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答：No,主语+didnt.如：Did you sing a song at the party? Yes, I did./ No, I didnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+_+主语+_+其他？ 如：What did Sally do last night?（ 三 ）现在进行式1、 概念：表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2、 谓语动词的结构：be（is, am, are）+ doing (动词的现在分词)（be动词要与主语的人称和数保持一致）3、 常见的时间状语： now, at the moment, at this time, 还有常见的标志词 look, listen如： Look! She is singing! Listen! She is listening to the music. 4、现在进行时的句式 肯定句：主语+be动词+现在分词+其他 My sister is watching TV now. 否定句：主语+be动词+not+现在分词+其他 My sister isnt watching TV now. 一般疑问句：Be +主语+doing+其他？ Yes，主语+be/No，主语+be+not Are you watching TV now? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Is she reading books? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+Ving+其他？ 常用现在进行时的肯定陈述句回答。 What are you doing now? What is he/she doing now? What is KangKang doing now? What are they doing now? What are Wangli and Limei doing now?4、 特殊的现在分词有（双写最后一个字母）plan, get, shop, run, begin, put, swim, stop , sit(口诀：他计划在商店里买了东西后放入游泳池中开始跑，然后停下来坐下。) 5动词go , come ,leave, fly等可以使用现在进行时，表示按计划将要进行的动作： Im coming. 我将来了。 Are you going to Nanyang tomorrow?明天你将去南阳吗？ ( 四）语法精讲：过去进行时 1概念：表示过去某个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 2时间状语：（1）at 8 oclock yesterday evening at 12 oclock (2)from.to.+yesterday短语（等过去式时间状语） He was watching Tv from 7 to 9 last night. (3)at that time 在那时 at this time yesterday , all day全天 （4）yesterday morning/afternoon/evening. The day before yesterday. Last year/month/week/night 这类时间状语既可以用于一般过去式，也可以用于过去进行时，要根据上下文情景判定谓语动词的时态， He was reading a novels last night(昨晚他一直在读) He read a novel last night,(昨晚他看了一本小说) 用过去进行时强调动作进行的全过程，用一般过去式单纯说明动作完成的事实 3谓语动词的结构：was/were+v.ing(现在分词) 4过去进行时句子结构 （1）肯定句：主语+was/were +v.ing+其他。（2）否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他。 (3)一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+v.ing+ 其他？Yes,主语+was/were No,主语+wasnt/werent (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序？ What were they playing from 7 to 8 last night? 5过去进行时常用与when,while 引导的时间壮语从句中 We were playing when our teacher came in.（五）语法重点 一般将来时1、 定义：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态，常与将来的时间状语连用。2、 表示将来的时间状语 （1） tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening（ tomorrow短语 ） （2） next time,next work/weekend,next year/month/Sunday（next短语） （3）in短语:in two minutes,in an hour 在一小时后，in two days两天后 （4）soon不久，later,in the future将来 （5）tonight今晚，this afternoon/evening（还未发生的时间）3、 结构形式： (1) be going to+动词原型，表示计划、打算将来发生的动作 Eg:We are going to do some cleaning tomorrow. He is going to go swimming next week. 肯定句：主语+be going to+动原型+其他 一般疑问句：将be动词提前：Be+主语+going to+动原型+其他？ Yes,主语+be/no.主语+be+not 否定句：主语+be+not+going to +动原型+其他 Eg:Is Lucy going to go shopping this Sunday?Yes,she is./No,she isnt.Lucy isnt going to go shopping this Sunday(2)will+动词原形，表说话人对将来的看法，假设和推测肯定句：主语+will+动原形+其它。Eg:He will go swimming next week.否定句：主语+wont+动原形+其它。Eg：He wont go swimming next week.疑问句：Will+主语+动原形+其它。Eg：Will he go swimming next week.(3) Shall+动原形（主语只能是第一人称I，we)肯定句：I/We+shall+动原形+其它。否定句:I/We+shall not +动原形+其它。一般疑问句：Shall I/we go shopping tomorrow?（ 六 ）现在完成时：1概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语： since,for,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来，这么多年来)，主（现完）+since +从（一过）,just（注意和just now的区别）,so far, till now2基本结构： have/has + done 否定形式： have/has + not +done.3一般疑问句： have 或 has+主语+ done .Helen _ in Nanjing for twenty years。（七）、过去完成时：概念： 以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语： by the end of last year(term, month) ,by+过去的时间，主(过完)+before+从(一过)基本结构： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done.一般疑问句： had 放于句首。They _ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)The plane _ off before/when we got to the airport.(take)八 过去将来时1概念： 立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2时间状语： the next day(morning, year)3基本结构： was/were/going to + do ； would/should + do.4否定形式： was/werent + going to + do; would/should + not + do.5一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； would/should 提到句首。 Helen said she _ to Shanghai the next month.(fly)