天津市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类B卷

天津市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类B卷一、 阅读理解 (共10题；共82分)1. （8分）阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 The kangaroo cant walk, but it is good at jumping, It can jump over 6 meters a time, 64km an hour. An adult kangaroo is only 1. 5m tall, but it can jump over a car. The camel can live without (没有) water for two weeks. It can walk over 320 km in the desert (沙漠) without drinking water. It can do this because it uses the hump (驼峰) to save water. The chimpanzee is very smart. It is good at learning. In America, there is a chimpanzee called Keke. It learns sign language (手语) and can talkwith people.（1）The underlined word jumpingmeans _. A . 跳B . 跑C . 爬D . 走（2）A camel can walk without water for _ days? A . twoB . fiveC . sevenD . fourteen（3）Which of the following is TRUE? A . Keke is living in China now.B . The camel uses the hump to save water.C . An adult kangaroo can jump over a house.D . A camel can walk over 640 km without water.2. （8分）阅读下列短文, 从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On May 5, 2017, Chinas home-made passenger aircraft(飞机) C919 completed its 90-minute first flight and landed safely back at Pudong Airport in Shanghai.C919 is developed by COMAC, a Chinese aircraft company. It is designed to compete with Boeing 737 and Airbus A320. The first C919 aircraft can carry 168 passengers and is able to fly a distance between 4,075 and 5,555 kilometres. Its reported that a C919 costs around 50 million dollars, less than half of a Boeing 737 or an Airbus A320. Up to now, more than 570 aircrafts have been ordered from 23 customers, mostly Chinese, but also American and Thai companies or airlines. COMAC aims to take one fifth of the worlds narrow-body aircraft market and one third of the Chinese market by 2035.The name C919 has its special meanings. The letter C stands for both COMAC and China. The number 9 is pronounced as jiu in Chinese, which means forever. And me number 19 refers to its capacity(容量) of 190 passengers.The large passenger aircraft is praised as the flower of modern industry. It is a symbol of the nations industrial and technological standards as well as the comprehensive(综合的) power. In order to realize the century dream of flying in the sky and the strategy(战略)of the nation, COMAC bears the nations dream and peoples trust. China considers it as a national pride.（1）C919 is produced by _. A . BoeingB . a Thai aircraft companyC . AirbusD . a Chinese aircraft company（2）Which of the following is TRUE about the first C919 aircraft? A . It can carry 190 passengers at least.B . It can only fly a distance of 4,075 km.C . It costs less than half of a Boeing 737.D . It costs more than half of an Airbus A320.（3）The letter C in C919 stands for _. A . companyB . both COMAC and ChinaC . customerD . both cost and capacity（4）The news report is written mainly to _. A . introduce the design of C919B . describe the first flight of C919C . explain the flower of modem industryD . show Chinas achievements in aircraft industry3. （6分）阅读理解 Will it matter if you dont take your breakfast? A short time ago, a test was given in the United States. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, were asked to have a test. During the test, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten different kinds of breakfasts. The results show that if a person eats a right breakfast, he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen more carefully in class. The result is opposite to what some people think. Having no breakfast will not help you lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they cat too much for lunch. They will gain weight instead of losing it. You will lose more weight if you reduce your other meals. （1）During the test, the people were given. A . no breakfast at allB . different foods or sometimes noneC . very rich breakfastD . little food for breakfast（2）The results show that . A . breakfast has great effect（影响）on work and bodiesB . breakfast has little to do with a persons workC . a person will work better if he only has fruit and milkD . girl students should have little for breakfast（3）The word reduce in the last sentence means A . 增加B . 减少C . 放弃D . 享用（4）Which of the following is NOT right? A . Its bad for your health to have no breakfast.B . Too little for breakfast and much for lunch make you fatter.C . If you dont eat much for lunch and supper，you may lose weight.D . The more breakfast you have，the more quickly youll learn in class.4. （8分）The Vine That Ate the SouthKudzu is a fast-growing vine(蔓生植物) that covers a large area in the southern United States. It is so common that one might think it is a native plant, but it is not. Kudzu was brought to the United States from Japan in 1876. Many Americans thought it was beautiful, and they began to plant it. They didnt know it could grow up to a foot a day during the summer months. Nor did they know it would grow up and over anything in its path(路径).In Japan, kudzu experienced cold winters and a short growing season. But in the United States, it has a very long growing season with warm and wet southern weather. It is fine weather for the vine to grow fast.In the 1920s, people used the vine to feed farm animals. Ten years later, the government supported to plant kudzu because it kept soil(土壤) from washing away. However, by the 1950s, the government no longer wanted people to plant the vine. Twenty years after that, the government said it was a harmful plant.The vine grows up trees and buildings, making some beautiful shapes. However, trees die after kudzu covers them because they can not get enough light. Scientists are looking for ways to kill the vine. They used poisons(毒药) to kill the vine. However, some of the poisons made it grow even better. Scientists also find it difficult to dig up Kudzu. The plant is really tough.Because kudzu is so hard to kill, some people are making the best of it. So they try to find different uses for the vine. They find the vine can be used to make paper and baskets, it can be used to feed the goats, and it can even be eaten by people. Scientists are studying it in the hope that the vine can be used as a medicine. At the very least, kudzu serves as an example of the unexpected results that can come from non-native plants.（1）We can learn from the passage that .A . kudzu mostly grows in the northern AmericaB . kudzu was brought to Japan from AmericaC . kudzu grows very fast in warm and wet weatherD . American government has never supported to plant kudzu（2）The underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.A . not easily brokenB . widely usedC . hard to growD . important to ones health（3）The last paragraph is mostly about .A . how quickly the vine growsB . how people use the vineC . why people want to kill the vineD . why people eat the vine（4）We can learn from the passage that .A . kudzu mostly grows in the northern AmericaB . kudzu was brought to Japan from AmericaC . kudzu grows very fast in warm and wet weatherD . American government has never supported to plant kudzu（5）The writer uses the title “The Vine That Ate the South”most probably to .A . let readers know kudzu is a vineB . interest readers in a wayC . tell readers the vine is a kind of foodD . get readers to realize the passage is serious（6）The underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.A . not easily brokenB . widely usedC . hard to growD . important to ones health（7）The last paragraph is mostly about .A . how quickly the vine growsB . how people use the vineC . why people want to kill the vineD . why people eat the vine（8）The writer uses the title “The Vine That Ate the South”most probably to .A . let readers know kudzu is a vineB . interest readers in a wayC . tell readers the vine is a kind of foodD . get readers to realize the passage is serious5. （10分） When youre not at home, many worries may start to crowd your mind. Did I turn the coffee maker off? Did I lock the door?Are the kids doing their homework or watching television? With a smart home, you can quiet all of these worries.A smart home is a home with a communication network. This network connects devices(装置), such as lights and TV sets, and allows them to be controlled from far away through electrical wiring, mobile phone communication or WiFi over the internet.More and more people may start to consider owning a smart home, because it makes life much more convenient. It can help keep your room at a certain temperature. It can record what happens inside the home and send the video to your phone. When you are on vacation abroad, you can use a smart home controller to switch on or off the electricity when necessary. Some smart homes can receive a visitor, allowing him to come in and offering him a drink. They can even feed the cat and water the plants.Besides, smart homes are easy to fix. Most smart home technology and devices are wireless and can be set up with a minimum of tools,using only the guiding information. When a problem appears,you can deal with it yourself without paying a professional.However, for home-users,the smart home technology is far from perfect.It can be rather expensive to own the technology and the devices. Also, because the smart home system(系统) allow its owner to get home information from anywhere, it leaves the home easy to be attacked by hackers(黑客), who may secretly use or change the information in the system.Now,many scientists are excited at the future of smart home technology. Imagine being able to get fashion advice from your mirror, or receive food shopping suggestions from your refrigerator. While there are others who worry that those smart devices will make people lazier and lonelier. Whatever it is, one thing is for sure-smart home technology will change the way we live and work.（1）According to thepassage, nowadays a smart home can lock the door through _.A . electric lightsB . mirror technologiesC . mobile phonesD . shopping programs（2）According to thepassage, nowadays a smart home can lock the door through _.A . electric lightsB . mirror technologiesC . mobile phonesD . shopping programs（3）The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about _.A . the steps to use smart systemsB . the prices of smart programsC . the advantages of a smart homeD . the tools for setting up smart devices（4）The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about _.A . the steps to use smart systemsB . the prices of smart programsC . the advantages of a smart homeD . the tools for setting up smart devices（5）Which of the following is TRUE about a smart home according to the passage?A . Smart homes cant help feed pets nowadays.B . Smart homes costs a lot of money at present.C . You cant control your smart home in other countries.D . Its hard for hackers to get information from smart homes.（6）Which of the following is TRUE about a smart home according to the passage?A . Smart homes cant help feed pets nowadays.B . Smart homes costs a lot of money at present.C . You cant control your smart home in other countries.D . Its hard for hackers to get information from smart homes.（7）Whats the writers opinion according to the passage?A . People will become less happy in the future.B . Peoples life style will be different in the future.C . Mobile phones are the most important in smart homes.D . Smart homes are much better than other smart systems.（8）Whats the writers opinion according to the passage?A . People will become less happy in the future.B . Peoples life style will be different in the future.C . Mobile phones are the most important in smart homes.D . Smart homes are much better than other smart systems.6. （8分） Do you know why you sleep? You may think its because youre tired. Or perhaps youve been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep.Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep.Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers pulses（脉搏）went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still dont know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the days garbage.One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest.（1）During REM sleep, a persons breathing and heartbeat _.A . stopB . increaseC . decreaseD . stay the same（2）Which word in paragraph（段落）3 means “colorful and lively”?A . easier.B . empty.C . vivid.D . quickly.（3）Which paragraph tells what happens when people dont get enough sleep?A . 1.B . 2.C . 3.D . 4.（4）What is the main idea of the article?A . REM sleep helps the brain grow.B . REM sleep has been watched and recorded by scientists.C . REM sleep is a time to empty the days garbage.D . REM sleep is an active time when the body is hard at work.（5）You can decide from the article that REM sleep _.A . has a restful effect on peopleB . can be avoided with lots of sleepC . is something that all people experienceD . is something that all scientists agree on7. （8分） The Turners are American. They are now in Beijing. This is their first visit to China.They are going to stay in China for three months. They want to visit some big cities and villages. They hope to learn some Chinese, too.Mr Turner is a driver. He likes to drive in Beijing. Mrs Turner is a school teacher. She is visiting a city school and a village school. Their daughter is a middle-school student. She meets some Chinese students.They take a lot of pictures in China. When they are back in America, they are going to show the pictures to their friends. They want the American people to know more about China.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。（1）Where are the Turners from?（2）What is Mr. Turner?（3）Is Mrs. Turners daughter a middle-school student?（4）How many people are there in Mr. Turners family?（5）Why do they take a lot of pictures in China?8. （8分）阅读理解 If you want to travel from Xian to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xian-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.The 643-kilometer line is Chinas first high-speed railway to run through the QinlingMountains, which form a natural boundary(分界线) between Chinas north and south. With a speed of 250 km per hour, its also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network.Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare(稀有) wild animals one for pandas and the other for crested ibises(朱鹮).To reduce the railways influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly, China Daily reported.In September, there were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China now has 1, 864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency.To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels(隧道) within the area. Protective shields(防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.To avoid hurting the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up along the tracks to make sure the birds will not fly into a train.The nets are about 32 km long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice.(A report in December, 2017)（1）From this month, it will take to travel from Xian to Chengdu by the high-speed train. A . 16 hoursB . 13 hoursC . 6 hoursD . 3 hours（2）Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xian-Chengdu railway? A . It is Chinas first high-speed railway.B . It runs through the Qinling Mountains.C . It is the first mountain-heavy train line.D . It is the first train line with a 4G network.（3）Why was the railway designed and built to be environmentally friendly? A . To save money and energy.B . To avoid harming wild animals.C . To avoid damaging the mountains.D . To help the train run through tunnels quietly.（4）What are experts using to stop animals from going into the tunnels? A . Entrances.B . Tracks.C . Protective shields.D . Protective nets.（5）This news about the new railway is reported by . A . China DailyB . the Xinhua News AgencyC . the 4G networkD . CCTV9. （10分）阅读理解Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place?Lots of people do. And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why. They found that one-half of the brain remains more awake than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people report they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home. They call it first-night influence. In Japan they say, If you change your bed, you cant sleep, said Yuka Sasaki, one of the reports writers. You dont sleep very well in a new place. We all know about it.The researchers measured brain waves (测量脑波) for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart (间隔). They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period, the researchers said.Sasaki said a lot of questions remain.Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So, they dont know if the left half keeps watch all night, or whether it works in shifts (轮换) with the right half later in the night. They also do not know why the brain activity, at least during the first period of deep sleep, is always on the left half.For some, this research may be calming. It is good to know that our brain is looking out for us in a new plac