英语音标基础学习及练习

英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段。 一个可以为单个元音（如I/a/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）。单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it, pen, pick等）。7、重读 在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“”表示。8、清音和浊音（辅音） 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1. 长短：/i:/ / /:/ / /:/ / /U:/ / 2. 大小：/e/ / /:/ /3. I组：/e/ /a/ /4. U组：/ /a/5. 组：/ /e/ /清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/ / /t/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ /d/ /dr/dz/ /r/ /m/n/ / /w/ /j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/二26个字母在单词中的具体发音a 1. /ei/ name able cake table take date2. / apple cat map am match matter sad and angry 3. /: / dance last pass plant 4. / want what watch wash5. / a arrive along alike aloud e 1. /i:/ he she me evening meter 2. /e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty February next then send 3. /i/ enjoy English eleven because foresti 1. /ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind 2. /i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him listen pick rivero 1. /u / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano2. / dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop3. / son month mother love young4. /u:/ who do whoseu 1. /ju: / use usually excuse menu2. /bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must3. / u / put pull helpfulb /b/ book big bag boxc 1. /k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes2. /s/ face nice pencil city cinema d /d/ desk doll dog dad day dont dish does deepf /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funny g 1. / gun glass glad go get 2. /d / age orange villageh /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospitalj / d/ jeep jacket jump Jan. July Junek /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like l 1. /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play 2. /l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale m /m/ am map my mouth milk n 1. /n/ no know new hand 2. / thank think thing uncle swingp /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policemanq /kw/ quite quilt quick r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror librarys 1. /s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass 2. /z/ nose those rose rulers seasont /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plantv /v/ five very seven village livew /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter withx /ks/ box six fox relaxy 1. /ai /my fly why bye 2. / j / yes yellow young yesterday3. / i /happy baby very windy snowy study z / z / zoo zero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合 ai /ei/waitpaint trainay /ei/ may play day say air / / air hair chair al /:/ tall small ball ar /: / farther farm car arm ea /i:/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready /i/theater ear / i / earhearnear /bear /:/earth ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep eir / their er /worker teacher /:/her ere /i/here / where there ew /ju: / newfew /u: / flewgrew ight /ai / right high bright ir /: / bird girl shirt thirty oa /u/ boat coat ong /o/longsong oo /u/ book foot good /u:/ moon balloon or /:/ short fork port /: / word world work oor /:/ doorfloor ore /:/ more store sore ou /au/ out house mouth our /:/ fouryour /au/ our ow /u/ bowlwindow /au/ now cow flower oy /oi/boytoy ur /: /turn （二）辅音组合 th / thankmouth / / this that with tr /tr/ tree train truck dr /dr/ dress driver sh / shirt wash short ch /t/ child chair catch / k / schoolChristmas / d/sandwich tw /tw/two twin twenty wh /w/ white wheel what /h/ who whose whom ts /ts/jacketskites ds /dz/birdsfriends （三）特殊组合 tion /n/ question nation 四、单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bedbd,daddd.由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funnyfn，famousfems由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如deliciousdls英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“ ”表示，如aboutbaut。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybodyn,bd。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary,dkjmntr，grandfathergrnd,f。四句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will /pk/ /gp/ /tr/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /setl/ /dipend/pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend2. /a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /st:m/ /n:t/ /fks/ /sk/ /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ mask past France storm naught fox sock far large mark/t/ /prmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/ thought promise loose took mood through pull wood3. / / /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps 4. /ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster5. /i/ / /u/vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia6. / /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves（二）、绕口令：1. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.2. A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.3. If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.4. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.5. If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watch? Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch?6. She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.二、笔头练习：（一）. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good( ) 5. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu ( ) 6. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over( ) 9. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about ( ) 10.A. too BclassroomCbroom Dafternoon( ) 11. A. yellow Bbrown CwindowDknow( ) 12. Athese Bthey CbrotherDthree( ) 13. Ateacher Bseat CsweaterDplease( ) 14. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps（二）根据音标写单词：fa: _ da:ns _ mu:n _ kait _ hpinis _ priti _ fmili _ tge _ fks tju:b flai flg _ mu:nkeik _ indi _ djuri _ snu _ si:zn _ dilis _ jestdei _ indi_ mid,:tm _ teind _ deind _ nizi _ mju(:)zim _（三）根据音标写句子：1. au kla:s iz nt veri big . _2. bt its aiz a: nt big . _3. a: siks kla:siz in greid wn ._4. wi: kn si: it t zu: . _10