英语试题单项选择分类汇编与解析

英语试题单项选择分类汇编与解析一、冠词1.(北京卷35). First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a解析：本题强调的重点是：再有一次机会a second chance给别人留下第一印象，make a first impression, first为干扰因素。第二空还是表示泛指。句意：最初的印象最深刻。毕竟，你不可能再有机会给别人留下第一次印象的。若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。2.(福建卷21).Its_ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them _ pleasure. A.不填，a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the解析：good feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词。句意为“人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐，这是(一)种不错的感觉” a good feeling：一种不错的感觉；give sb pleasure给某人快乐。3.(江苏卷 21). The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu. A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the解析：第一空, 来自社会各阶层的人不是特指,不用冠词；第二空,在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏。4.(辽宁卷22). There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth. A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the解析：第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二的事物，其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。5. (山东卷22). If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A.不填；the B.不填；a C. the; a D.the；the解析：表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。句意：“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”6. (四川卷2). In_ most countries, a university degree can give you_flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a解析：most countries此处表泛指，most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为“一个高起点的开始”，故用a ,正确答案为D。7.(浙江卷2). Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body. A. a; /B. /; theC. a; theD. /; /解析：对有害用短语“do harm to”表示，中间不需要用冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形表示抽象的名词，表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。8.(重庆卷27). Everything comes with_ price; there is no such_ thing as free lunch in the world.A.a, a B.the, / C.the, / D.a, /解析：price意思是“代价”，为可数名词，第二空前边有no, 后面的名词不用冠词，故选D项。二、名词和主谓一致1. (安徽卷25).I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _.A.hearing B.strength C.recognition D.measure解析：hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”；recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”；measure意为“测量；措施”。句意为“她变得认不出来了。”2.(湖北卷21). This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle解析：此题不仅考察学生对于四个选项的认知，更重要的是要理解句子的含义。“这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。”“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句，“that”引导定语从句。3.(湖北卷22).After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide_ for the homeless families.A.occupation B.furniture C.equipment D.accommodation解析：512的汶川地震，414玉树地震。天灾“earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示“住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大，句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词，知道“occupation”表示“占用”或者“工作，职业”；“furniture”表示“ 家具 ”；“equipment”表示“设备，器材”就能选出正确答案D了。4.(江苏卷22). The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization解析：表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。5.(江西卷35. Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,a(n)_ of 40,000 per year. A. averageB. numberC. amountD. quantity解析：a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数,但没有平均每年增加的意思。6.(山东卷33). Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter解析：句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。7.(天津卷3).James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position解析：make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为让空”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下来，为电视机腾出空间来。8.(浙江卷16).The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _. A. solution B. target C. measure D. function解析：四个选项：solution解决的方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。9.(湖南卷33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts_ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. isB. areC. hasD. have解析：考查主谓一致。根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项10.(四川卷15)Such poets as Shakespeare_ widely read,of whose works，however,some_ difficult to understand. A.are；are B.is；is C.are；is D.is：are解析：考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。?11.(全国卷9)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B。三、代词1.(全国I卷23). Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and _ half learning drawing.A. another B. the other C. others D. other解析：此题考查another, the other, other, others的形容词用法区别。other一般不单独使用，其前经常有冠词或其他形容词，如B选项的the other，one.the other.，用于一个整体的两部分“一个另一个”，题干中将假期分成两部分，一部分用来学英语，一部分用来画画，符合题意。another用作形容词时表示“又，再”，others没有此种用法。句意：我将会用假期一半的时间练习英语，另外一般时间练习画画。2. (全国II卷12.) Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over between them。A. others B. the other C. another D. one other解析：neither含有“两者都不”之意，一方对应另一方，故用the other指“两者中的另一个”。3.(全国II 14). The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it解析：it作形式主语。真正的主语为for you to have a holiday。4.(安徽卷21).You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A. both B. either C. others D. the other解析：句意为“你是球队明星！与他人合作必须是你喜欢做的事。”习语“ones cup of tea”意为“the type of thing or person that you like”。5.(福建卷22). When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson could you please say_ for me?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing解析：句子的意思是当你向Mr. John介绍我的时候，你可以为我说一些好话吗? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也没有 C. something表示一些，某些6.(江西卷27). Swimming is my favorite sport.There is_ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A.something B. anything C. nothing D. everything解析：nothing like 没有什么象比得上。句子的意思：再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了。7.(陕西卷12). The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.A. that B. this C. it D. one解析：所填词用于比较状语从句中，指代句子的主语cost，即指代不可数名词，用that。This指代下文即将提到的事物；it指代“同一物”；one指代“同类中的一个”之意。8.(四川卷7). On my desk is a photo that my father took of_ when I was a baby.A. him B. his C. me D. mine解析：考查代词。take a photo of sb意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为C。9. (天津卷6)._ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something解析：nothing用于句中表示否定意义，而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。句意：我一生中没有什么比我第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻的了。10.(重庆卷23) He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found_ of them again.A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all解析：由“his temper and health”可以排除C项和D项，由后面的never表否定，选either，never either是全部否定，相当于neither 。11.(上海卷27). If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on_A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves解析：主语为we，因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根据句意，选D。12.(辽宁卷33). The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country.A. so B. much C. that D. it解析：it形式宾语，真正的宾语为for her to get a job in that country。13.(山东卷32). Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one解析：句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择D项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。14.(浙江卷14). _ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything解析：分析四个选项的意思，根据语境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。从而判断此处选择all意思最合适。四、形容词和副词1.(全国I 26). I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.A. so B. very C. too D. rather解析：这题考查的实际上是一个固定搭配not so as,不像那样，seldom是一个否定词，相当于not。句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步感到如此的高兴。2.(全国II 13). The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally解析：只要知道词义即可选出答案，该题较为简单。A.部分的 B.只不过 C.几乎 D.同样的，相等的。3.(全国II 20). Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been_.A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular解析：never/not加形容词比较级=形容词最高级。句意：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他厂里生产的衣服从来没比现在更受欢迎过。4. (安徽卷31). _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic解析：Shy and cautious意为“害羞的谨慎的；sensitive and thoughtful意为“敏感的与体贴的”； Honest and confident“诚实的与自信的”；Lighthearted and optimistic意为“愉快的与乐观的”。句意为“愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。”5. (福建卷23)Volunteering is becoming popular in China .Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.A. naturally B. successfully C. splendidly D. increasingly解析：只要知道词义即可得出答案。A. 自然地，理所当然地；B. 成功地；C.华丽地，壮观地；D. 逐渐地。志愿活动现在在中国变得越来越受欢迎了。是的，人们一直开始意识到帮助他人就是帮助自己。6.(福建卷32).Drunk driving, which was once a_ occurrence, is now under control.A.general B.frequent C.normal D.particular解析：A.一般的；B.经常的；C.正常的；D.特别的。理解词义后，根据生活常识可以得出答案。7.(湖北卷23).In the lecture, I can only give you a purely_ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.A. private B. personal C. unique D. different解析：根据词义可以快速排除A和D。A表示“独特的”，D表示“不同的”，只有B和C比较接近。 “private”表示“私人的，私下的，“personal”表示“个人的”，personal view才能表示“个人观点”8.(湖北卷24)Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes_.A. favourable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile解析：“worthwile”表示“值得的，有价值的”表示犯错误是值得的。A表示“喜爱的，赞同的”，B“珍贵的”C“本质的”，只要知道词义，并联系生活常识，该题还是很容易得出答案的。人之常情，我们只能说这个犯过的“错误”会变得“有价值”，却不能说“错误”是“essential(本质的)”“precious”（珍贵的）或者是“favourable（喜爱的，赞同的）”。9.(湖北卷25). If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my_ reaction will be to tell the police.A.physical B.immediate C.sensitive D.sudden解析：根据词义可得出答案。 “physical”表示“身体的”； “suddent”表示“突然的”； “sensitive”表示“敏感的”，只有 “immediate”表示“立刻，马上”，等同于 “at once”.故选B句意：“如果我发现了任何疑似嫌疑犯的人，我会立马告知警察”。10.(湖北卷26).I wasnt blaming anyone; I_ said errors like this could be avoided.A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly解析：“most”（大部分），所以“mostly”(大部分地，通常地)； “near”（临近）“nearly”（几乎）= almost； rare（稀有的）“rarely”（很少地，几乎不）；“mere”（仅仅，只不过）“merely”（仅仅，只不过）。句意：“我并没有责 怪任何人，我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的”。11.(湖南卷22).Father_goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there.A. hardly B. seldom C.sometimes D. never解析：A项意为“几乎不”，B项意为“很少”，C项意为“有时”，D项意为“从不”。句意为：“尽管父亲不喜欢去那儿，但他还是有时和我们一起去锻炼。”故选C项。12.(江西卷28). Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life_and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.A. easily; efficient B. easy, efficient C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently解析：make +life+形容词,而且后面为比较级,所以说两个空同为形容词同为比较级13.(辽宁卷23). Jim went to answer the phone. _, Harry started to prepare lunch.A. However B. Nevertheless C. Besides D. Meanwhile解析：前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。14. ( 辽宁卷27).We only had 100 and that was _to buy a new computer.A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhereC. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough解析：考查副词用法。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough做副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。句意：我们只有100美元，他怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。15. (山东卷35). Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex解析：句意应为“在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。”表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy 表示“沉重的”； smooth表示“光滑的，滑顺的”； complex表示“复杂的，难懂的”。16.(陕西卷22). Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure解析：所填词做表语，主语是人，由more来修饰，意思是：可能，选A。其中四个选项中possible和probable也都“可能的”之意，但他们做表语时主语只能是物，sure在此处意思不恰当。17.(天津卷5). People have always _ about exactly how life on earth began.A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful解析：根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 是“对感到好奇”的意思。句意：人们一直对于地球生命的起源感到好奇。18.(浙江卷6). I have been convinced that the print media are usually more _ and more reliable than television. A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgent D. shallow 解析：分析四个选项的意思：accurate 精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。根据句意：我确信印刷媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。19.(浙江卷来源11).Do you think shopping online will _ take the place of shopping in stores? A. especially B. frequently C. merely D. finally解析：分析四个选项的意思：especially 特别，尤其；frequently经常，merely仅仅，finally最终。根据语境：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？20.(浙江卷19).Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, _. A. though B. also C. either D. too解析：根据句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系，所以选择though。21.(四川卷12). The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too . A. small B. few C. 1arge D. many解析：the number of 意为“的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。又据句意学校被移出了市中心，应该是学生的数量变得太大了，故选C。22.(上海卷30). In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled_ the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as 解析：as far as远到（至）.句意：古时候人们很少会进行远程旅行，大多的农民只去逛逛当地的市场。23.(上海卷26). It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was_ journey.A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours解析：此题考查复合形容词.数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为“三小时的路程”五、介词（短语）1.(北京卷29). Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are_ everyones enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to解析：for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。2.(湖北卷30).It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.A. in preference to B . in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for解析：In preference to （优先于）； in exchange for （交换）；in place of (代替)； in agreement with （同意，与一致）。其实辨析这几个介词短语难度不大，只需要认识每个短语中的核心词 “preference”“exchange”“place”“agreement”的意思即可，猜测较为容易。3.(江苏卷29).So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is_ideal. We have to workstill harder.A. next to B. far from C.out of D. due to解析：“到目前为止我们为打造低碳经济已经做了很多努力，但是这远远不够。我们还要继续努力。”题目中的“ideal”是指“完美的，理想的”，“far from ideal” “离完美还很远，远远不够”，“far from” 一般加名词或者形容词，表示“离很远，或者达不到状态”。A “next to” “靠近”，意义相反。B “out of” “出于”，相当于“with”；D “due to”后面一般跟名词，解释为“由于”，相当于”because of”。4.(江西卷29). We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and_, dogs give us their all.A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return解析：in return作为回报；作为回应；回答。in all 共计 in fact实际上 in short 简而言之。句意：我们给狗以我们闲暇的时间和多余的空间以及腾出来的爱，作为回报狗也会把它们的一切给予我们。5.(江西卷34). Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients_ name, not case number.A. of B. as C. by D. with解析：by以的方式。句意：现在有些医院以名字来称呼病人，而不是以病号来称呼。6.(天津卷13). My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists.A. by B. on C. for D. against解析：句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth，意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。7.(重庆卷22). The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money me.A. by B. for C. in D. with解析：I dont have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。8.(福建卷27).More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities_ space.A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of解析：A.寻找 B.代替; C.因缺乏 D.生怕，以免。句子的完整意思应该是：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦，因为缺乏空间。9.(辽宁卷31). I agree to his suggestion _the condition that he drops all charges.A. by B. in C. on D. to解析：考查介词用法。介词on 和the condition that一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以为条件”。 句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有指控。10.(四川卷5). Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back_ a big tree.A. in B. below C. beside D. against解析：against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”；below“在下方”；beside“在旁边”；in“在里面（时间）之后”。句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。”11.(浙江卷7).I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _ .A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance解析：分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。根据句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。12.(上海卷25). Sean has formed the habit of jogging_ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. between B. alongC. belowD. with解析：根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。六、时态与语态1.(全国I卷21)Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No, I _ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do解析：根据选项此题考察时态，此题可以根据句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关的时态，排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意，C过去完成时是过去的过去，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。句意：你读完了Jane Eyre吗？没有，我昨天一直做作业。2. (全国I卷28). When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely.A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive解析：根据选项此题考察时态。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。 句意为“当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，译为“已经”。同时也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来，因此A和D同时排除，C为过去完成时，使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时，过去完成时是过去的过去，因此C也排除，选择B.句意：当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。3. (全国I卷32).The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made解析：根据选项此题考察时态和语态。make fortune译为“发财”，make在句中需要使用被动形式，因此排除B和D，题干中led提示时间为过去，因此选择C。be to do译为“将会将要”，was to be made表示过去将来。句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。4.(全国II卷15).Linda，make sur