英语四级读美文【2】

Unit 2 Initial Education启蒙教育Text 1 A Babys PerceptionA few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(尿布) their first-born son.“You dont have to be so grim (严厉的) about it,”she protested.“You can talk to him and smile a little,” the father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “he has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex(影像), a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the gospel(真理). Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry(模糊的) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet(摇篮). Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal (初生的) period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesnt. He shuts out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting(转移) his face. He is a glutton(酷爱的人) for novelty(新奇的事物). He prefers animate(鼓舞) things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes this choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time hes twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony(同步性) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.A firmly B victim C outline D delivery E precise F protested G perceptive H primitive I rejects J significant K shadows L tapping 婴儿的感知能力几年前，一位年轻的母亲看到她的丈夫给大儿子换尿布的情形。“你不该对他这样板着脸，”她抗议道：“你可以跟他交谈并带点微笑。”那位父亲正好是一名心理学家，他非常坚决地回答道：“他没有什么要跟我说的，我也没有什么要跟他说的”。心理学家们现在知道这位父亲的错有多严重了。从出生的一刻开始，婴儿就有许多事情要对父母讲，父母也有许多事情要对孩子说。但十几年前，这些专家将新生儿描绘成一个只对影像有反应的原始生命，一个没有能力影响周围环境的无助的受难者。而母亲们却接受了真理。许多人认为(一些人仍然这样认为)一个新生儿只能看见模糊的影子， 他的其他感观尚未充分发育，而且他的全部需要就是营养品、干净的尿布和一个温暖的摇篮。今天，遍及全国的大学实验室正在对头一个月的新生儿进行研究。结果是，心理学家现在认为新生婴儿有感知能力，有惊人的学习能力，甚至具有更非凡的能力塑造他的环境其中包括他的父母亲的态度和行为。有些研究者认为初生的四个星期甚至可能是一生中最重要的阶段。新生儿远远不是无助的，他知道什么是他喜欢的，并且排斥他所不喜欢的东西。他会通过闭上眼睛或者转动脸部来拒绝令他不快的感觉。他是一个酷爱新奇事物的人。他喜欢生机勃勃的东西胜过死气沉沉的东西，并且与其他事物相比，他更喜欢人。只有9分钟大的婴儿就比较喜欢人的面容而不是一个头型轮廓。尽管接生室的工作人员戴着面罩穿着长袍，他在此前从没有看见过一张人的脸，他也还是做出了这样的选择。到他12小时大的时候，他的整个身体随着人的声音做精确的同步运动，好像跳舞一般。如果不是人的声音，比如敲击声，就不会引发这样的响应。难 句 解 析1. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it.【分析】复合句。句首 a decade or so ago 为时间状语，as.influence it 为 were describing 的宾语补足语，其中a primitive creature和a helpless victim是as的并列宾语，who 引导的定语从句修饰 a primitive creature，without 引导的介词短语作后置定语，修饰 environment。2. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.【分析】多重复合句。谓语动词 thought 后边的 三个that从句均为宾语从句，它们之间是并列关系，都作 thought 的宾语。3. Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesnt.【分析】多重复合句。Far from 作状语修饰句子，句中两个谓语动词并列，what 引导宾语从句。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇protest* /9pr5Utest/ v. & n. 反对，抗议【联想】pro(很多) test(测验)考试太多，遭到学生反对，抗议【搭配】protest a decision 反对一项决定；make a protest against.对表示抗议；do sth under protest 不得已干某事【引申】同义object v. 反对，抗议rebel n. & vi. 反对，反对者disapprove v. 不赞成近形protect vt. 保护【活用例句】The people made a protest about the rise in prices. 人们对价格上涨提出抗议。firmly /9f(ae):mlI/ ad. 坚决地，坚定地【搭配】firmly believe 坚信【活用例句】The envelope was firmly sealed. 这个信封封得很严实。primitive /9prImItIv/ a. 原始的，早期的；简单的【词根】prim(第一) itive(的)第一时间的早期的【搭配】primitive accumulation 原始积累；primitive weapons 原始武器；primitive men 原始人【引申】同根primary a. 初期的；首要的，基本的prime a. 一流的，最好的 n. 全盛期，青春同义early a. 早先的，早期的original a. 最初的，原始的simple a. 简单的反义developed a. 发展的complex a. 复杂的complicated a. 复杂的sophisticated a. 精通的【活用例句】Though raised in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.虽然生长在大城市，但彼得总喜欢画乡村生活的自然景色。同 义 巧 辨 primitive，initial，original，preliminaryprimitive 指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段的、原始的，也可指自然的或简朴的；initial 指处于事物的起始阶段的，也可指位于开头地方的；original 指处于事物最初阶段的，按顺序应是首位的，并含有在此前不再有更原始的同类东西；preliminary 有预备的、初步的意思。victim /9vIktIm/ n. 牺牲品，受害者【联想】有胜利者(victor)，就会有受害者(victim)【搭配】become the victim of.( fall a victim to.) 成为的牺牲品；a victim of smuggling 走私活动的受害者；help the victims of the earthquakes 救助震区灾民【引申】同根sacrifice vt. & n. 牺牲，奉献【活用例句】The victim explained the attack in graphic detail.受害者详细描述了遭受袭击的过程。shadow* /9Sd5U/ n. 影子；阴暗处 vt. 跟踪【联想】她整天顾影(shadow)自怜，真是浅薄(shallow)【搭配】 a shadow of ones former self不再有以前的力量、影响力等；wear (oneself) to a shadow 瘦得不成样子；a shadow of 一点点，少许，微量；shadow him 跟踪他【引申】同根shade n. 阴暗部；细微差别(或变化)：shade into 逐渐变成【活用例句】The earths shadow on the moon was quite distinct. 地球在月球上的阴影很清晰。perceptive /p59septIv/ a. 有知觉的；有理解力的，有悟性的【引申】同根concept n. 观念，概念perceive vt. 感知；意识到perception n. 感知(能)力；认识【活用例句】Youre right. Thats very perceptive of you. 你是正确的，你很有悟性。significant* /sIg9nIfIk5nt/ a. 有意义的，重大的，重要的【词根】是动词 signify(表示的意思，意味)的形容词形式【搭配】a significant speech 意味深长的讲话【引申】同根significance n. 意义，重要性反义insignificant a. 无意义的，不重要的【活用例句】If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it. 如果你觉得薪水应该有一个大幅度的上涨，你可能必须自己提出来。reject* /rI9dZekt/ vt. 拒绝；退回【词根】re(反) ject(扔)被扔回来拒绝，退回【引申】同义refuse vt. 拒绝，谢绝exclude vt. 拒绝接纳，把排除在外decline v. 谢绝【活用例句】He was rejected for the army because of his poor health. 他被拒绝入伍，因为健康状况不佳。outline* /9aUtlaIn/ n. 提纲；外形，轮廓 vt. 概述，概括；描外形【构词】out(出) line(线条)划出线条描外形【搭配】an outline agreement 协议纲要；an outline map 略图【活用例句】They saw the huge building outlined against the sky. 他们看见了在天空的映衬下那座巨大建筑的轮廓。delivery /dI9lIv5rI/ n. 投递，送交；投递的邮件，发送的货物；分娩；讲话方式【词根】来自 deliver(投递) y(名词后缀)【搭配】a delivery van 箱式送货车；a difficult delivery 难产【阅读例句】New York Times has increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities.现在，纽约时报的全国发行量已增加了四成，美国168个城市的居民都能在家订阅这份报纸。08.6 同根deliver* /dI9lIv5(r)/ vt. 投递，发表；给(产妇)接生；解救，拯救【联想】de(away) liver(肝)把肝摘除以解救某人解救【搭配】deliver the order 送货；deliver a speech 发表演讲；deliver a baby 帮助产下婴儿；deliver a blow 给予一击【阅读例句】Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver.杂志受广告商青睐是因为它们发行的市场窄小。08.6 同义transfer /trns9f(ae):(r)/ v. 搬，转移；调动，转学；转让，过户；换乘 n. 转移，调动；转车【词根】trans(改变) fer(bring带)带过去转移【搭配】transfer from a train to a bus下火车换乘公共汽车【活用例句】He hoped the firm would transfer him to the Paris branch.他希望公司能把他调到巴黎分公司工作。同义shift /SIft/ v. 转动，转移，改变 n. 转换，转变；轮 (换) 班【联想】电脑键盘上的shift键是切换建【提示】注意名词的用法：work an eight-hour shift八小时轮班工作。【活用例句】The white House hopes to shift the medias attention away from foreign policy issues.白宫希望转移传媒对外交政策问题的注意力。precise* /prI9saIs/ a. 精确的，准确的；严谨的【词根】pre(预先) cise(切)预先切好精确的【搭配】precise measurements 精确的尺寸；at the precise moment正好时【引申】同义exact a. 精确的，准确的accurate a. 正确的，精确的【活用例句】We had precise orders to come home by nine oclock.我们得到严格的命令须于九点前回家。tap* /tp/ n. 塞子；轻拍；窃听 vt. 轻叩；利用；窃听 vi. 轻叩，轻拍【搭配】tap vast mineral wealth 开发大量矿产；tap his phone 窃听他的电话【阅读例句】He has argued that tapping ANWR oil would help ease Californias electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the countrys energy independence. 他认为对ANWR石油的开采将有助于缓解加利福尼亚的电力危机，并能成为美国摆脱能源依赖的重要动力。05.6下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇newborn /9nju:bO:n/ a. (婴儿)新生的，初生的【搭配】a newborn baby 新生婴儿【活用例句】Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers.初生之犊不怕虎。creature* /9kri:tS5(r)/ n. 生物(尤指动物)【词根】来自 creat(e)(创造) ure(名词后缀)【引申】同根create vt. 创造creation n. 创造，创作物creative a. 创造性的【活用例句】We cant see microscopic creature with naked eyes. 我们不能用肉眼看到微生物。remarkable /rI9mA:k5bl/ a. 值得注意的，引人注目的；异常的，非凡的【词根】来自remark(评论) able(能的)能引起评论的异常的【活用例句】A business-management major with a remarkable academic record, he easily got a well-paid and promising job in a big firm.工商管理专业且学习成绩优异，他轻而易举地在一家大公司找到高薪且有前途的工作。shape* /SeIp/ vt. 决定的进程(或发展方向)；形成 n. 外形；状况，状态【联想】刮脸(shave)将外形(shape)破坏，真是羞耻(shame)【搭配】shape up 发展顺利，表现良好；in (good) shape 处于(良好)状况；take shape 成形，形成【引申】同义condition n. 状况，形势【阅读例句】Individually they shape a person in very different ways；together they threaten to confuse.分开来它们会培养出不同的人才；合起来它们会使人迷惑。01.1mask /mA:sk/ n. 面具，假面具；伪装 vt. 用面具遮住；掩饰，掩盖【联想】m ask(问)戴面具的人需要过问面具【活用例句】He tried to mask his disappointment with a smile.他试图以微笑来掩饰他的失望。Text 2 The Numerical Skills of ChildrenPeople appear to be born to compute. The numerical (数字的) skills of children develop so early so invariable that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, five spoons, and five forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were isolated on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.Of course, the truth is not so simple. In this century, the work of cognitive(认知的) psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped or, as the case might be, bumped into concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is invariable as water pours from a short thick glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments (基本原理) of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers the idea of a oneness, a twoness(二重性), a threeness(三重性) that applies to any class of objects and is prerequisite(首要必备的) for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table is itself far from innate(先天的).A abstract B applies C accuracy D adjustment E bumped F concede G compute H guiding I isolated J invariable K mastered L subtle 孩子的数学能力 人们似乎生来就会计算。孩子们的运算技能发育得如此早，以至于我们很容易设想有一个完善数学技能的内部时钟在引导他们成长。在学会走路和说话后不久，他们就能够以令人赞叹的方式精确地摆好餐具给五个座位中的每一个都分配一个盘子、一把刀、一个勺子和一个叉子。很快地，他们就能够注意到他们在桌子上放了五把刀、五个勺子和五个叉子，稍后，就注意到这总共是十五件银器。这样，精通了加法以后，他们继续学习减法。看来我们几乎可以合理地4预测：如果一个孩子一出生就被隔离到一个荒岛上，7岁以后重新回来，他或她应该不会有任何严重的智力问题就能够跟上二年级的数学课。当然，事实并不是这么简单。本世纪，认知心理学家的工作阐明了智力发展所依赖的日常学习的微妙形式。心理学家们注意到，当孩子们慢慢掌握或者说在有些情况下可能是偶然碰到那些成年人认为是理所当然的概念时，他们拒绝承认，比如说当水从一个短而粗的瓶子里注入一个高而细的瓶子里时量不会变。心理学家由此证明，当让小孩们数一堆铅笔时，他们很乐意说出蓝笔和红笔的数量，但必须哄着他们才能让他们说出总数。这些研究表明数学的基本原理是通过努力而逐步掌握的。研究同时表明了抽象数字的确切概念即单一性、 二重性和三重性等适用于任何物体、是做任何远比摆餐具要求更高数学能力的事情的必备概念远不是人天生就能知道的。难 句 解 析1. In this century, the work of cognitive(认知的) psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends.【分析】复合句。其中 which 引导定语从句修饰 forms，depend on 为固定短语，故 on 不能省略。2. Children were observed as they slowly grasped or, as the case might be, bumped into concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is invariable as water pours from a short thick glass into a tall thin one.【分析】多重复合句。第一个 as 作连词引导时间状语从句，or 为连词，连接 grasped 和bumped, 二者的宾语为 concepts，as the case might be作插入语，that引导定语从句修饰 concepts，第三个 as引导让步状语从句，从句中包含 that 引导的宾语从句，其中的as作连词引导时间状语从句，for instance 作插入语。3. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total.【分析】多重复合句。that 引导的句子作 demonstrate 的宾语，when 引导时间状语从句，将宾语从句主谓语分开。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09高频词汇compute* /k5m9pju:t/ v. 计算，估算【搭配】compute the amount of.计算的用量【引申】派生computer n. 计算机，电脑computation n. 计算，计算结果computerize/-ise vt. 使计算机化；用电脑储存(信息)microcomputer n. 微型计算机【活用例句】The losses were computed at $ 5 million. 损失估算为500万美元。invariable /In9ve5rI5bl/ a. 不变的；不可更改的【引申】同根invariably ad. 不变地，总是variable a. 可变的，不定的【活用例句】He came to see me with the invariable request for a loan.他来见我时又提出了他那一贯的借钱的要求。constant* /9k(e7)nst5nt/ a. 始终如一的，持久不变的；不断的，连续发生的【联想】con(一起) stant(看作 stand 站)始终不变地站在一起始终如一的【搭配】a constant stream of visitors 川流不息的来访者；constant complaints 没完没了的抱怨；the constant growth of productivity 生产力的不断发展【引申】同义continuous a. 连续的，持续的【写作例句】Only through constant practice, could we have a good command of English. 只有坚持练习，我们才能掌握好英语。continual /k5n9tInjU5l/ a. 不间断的，不停的；频频的【词根】来自 continu(e)(继续) al(的)继续的不停的【搭配】continual demands for improving working conditions 多次争取改善工作条件的要求；continual interruptions 不断打搅【活用例句】Ive had enough of her continual chatter.我已厌烦了她喋喋不休的闲谈。同 义 巧 辨 continual, continuouscontinual 常形容在一段时间内多次重复的动作(常指令人不愉快的动作)；而continuous指连续而不中断的。!图1guide* /gaId/ n. 导游；指导者，指引物；指南 vt. 给领路；指导【搭配】a guide to Italy 意大利旅游指南；a tourist guide 导游；guide students in their study 指导学生学习【活用例句】He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。近义 steer /stI5(r)/ vt. 引导；驾驶，掌舵 vi. 驾驶【短语】 steer clear of (troubles)避开(麻烦)，绕开【听力例句】Only about one woman in a thousand carries her bag on the left and I tended to steer clear of them.大概只有千分之一的女士把手提包放在左边，这种情况我尽量不动手。04.1 accuracy /9kjUr5sI/ n. 准确(性) ，精确(性)【词根】ac(加强) cur(关心) acy(表性质)一再关心，使其精确精确性【引申】同根accurate a. 准确的，精确的，正确无误的【写作例句】Only through constant practice, can we achieve fluency and accuracy in English.只有通过不断的练习，我们的英语才能流利、准确。master* /9mA:st5(r)/ vt. 精通，熟练【引申】同义grasp vt. 掌握，领会acquire vt. 获得，学到get the hang of (sth) 掌握做某事的方法、窍门【活用例句】My brothers plans are very ambitious；he wants to master English, French and Spanish before he is sixteen. 我弟弟有雄心勃勃的计划，他想在 16 岁前就掌握英语、法语和西班牙语。isolate* /9aIs5leIt/ vt. 使隔离，使孤立【联想】i(我) so(所以) late(迟到)我被隔离，所以迟到了使隔离【搭配】isolate sb from the community 把某人从社区中隔离开来；isolate the gene 分离基因；a quiet and isolated house 宁静孤单的小屋【引申】同根isolation n. 隔绝，孤立；绝缘【听力例句】She was fond of living an isolated life.她喜欢孤单的生活。07.6adjustment /59dZ(f6)stm5nt/ n. 调节；调整；校准，校正【搭配】make adjustment to. 对作调整【引申】同根adjust v. 校正；改变以适应；(to)适应：adjust oneself to.( adapt oneself to.) 使自己适应于【阅读例句】By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight. 如果逐渐延长步行的距离，并配合饮食方面的调节，你就可以减掉更多的重量。05.1subtle /9s(f6)tl/ a. 微妙的；诡秘的；敏锐的；隐约的【联想】sub(=over) tle(看作 title 标题)下面的标题是隐约的隐约的【搭配】subtle distinction 细微的区别；a subtle mind 头脑敏锐；subtle colours 淡淡的颜色【活用例句】Mona Lisas subtle smile is unique. 蒙娜丽莎神秘深邃的微笑是无与伦比的。bump /b(f6)mp/ vi. (against，into)碰，撞；颠簸着前进 n. 碰撞；(碰撞造成的) 肿块【词根】 ump 表示“隆起，成团或块状”：bump(肿块)；lump(块，肿 块)；dump(垃圾场)；plump(丰满的，圆胖的) ump还表示“撞击”：pump(打气)；dump(倾倒)；bump(碰撞)；jump(跳跃)【搭配】bump into (an old friend)偶然遇见(一位老朋友)【活用例句】The bus bumped into the car in front.巴士撞上了前面那辆汽车。同根lump /l(f6)mp/ n. 块，小方块；肿块 vt. 将归并在一起 vi. 结块【搭配】a lump of cheese 一块奶酪；a lump on the head 头上起个包【活用例句】You cant lump all Asian languages together. 你不能把所有的亚洲语言混为一谈。同根dump* /d(f6)mp/ vt. 倾卸，倾倒；倾销，抛销 n. 垃圾场【联想】跳(jump)起来倾倒(dump)饺子(dumpling)【搭配】dump surplus goods abroad 向国外倾销过剩商品【写作例句】Some people just dump their rubbish in the river. 有些人直接把垃圾倾倒在河里。concede /k5n9si:d/ vt. 承认；承认失败；允许 vi. 让步，认输【词根】con(共同) cede(行，走)共同前进是让步的结果 让步【引申】同义admit v. 承认allow vt. 允许，承认confess v. 承认， 坦白grant vt. 同意，承认(某事为真)同根concession n. 让步，妥协，承认【阅读例句】Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. 甚至连专门研究锻炼的专业人士也不得不承认这有些道理。05.1 同根proceed* /pr59si:d/ vi. 进行，继续下去；行进；开始做【词根】pro(=forward) ceed(to go 走)向前行走行进【搭配】proceed to do sth 继而做某事；proceed with sth 继续做某事【阅读例句】The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now?”该球员便将手套往自己湿乎乎的运动衫上擦抹一番后，大吼道：“这下够湿了吧?”05.6abstract* /9bstrkt/ a. 抽象 (派) 的 n. 摘要；抽象派艺术作品；b9strkt； vt. 做的摘要；提取【词根】abs(离去) tract(拉)把大意从文中拉出来摘要【搭配】in the abstract 抽象地，在理论上；abstract medicine from sth 从某物中提取药物；abstract sbs attention from his work 使某人工作分心【引申】同根abstraction n. 提取abstractly ad. 抽象地 同义brief n. 摘要summary n. 总结，梗概反义concrete a. 具体的【听力例句】I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. 我真喜欢我们昨天看的抽象画。08.12apply* /59plaI/ vt. 使用，运用；涂，敷 vi. 申请，请求；适用【联想】很多行政命令暗示(imply)使用(apply)供应品(supply)【搭配】be applied to 应用于；apply for 申请，请求；apply oneself to致力于，集中精力做；apply sth to. 把某物运用于【引申】同根applicable a. 适用的applied a. 应用的；实用的【活用例句】Students can apply for scholarship to help support their own education.学生可以通过申请奖学金来解决学费问题。派生applicable /9plIk5bl/ a. 适当的，合适的；可应用的，可实施的【词根】来自 appli(apply的变体，运用) cable(的)可应用的【搭配】be applicable to. 适用(合)于的【引申】同义appropriate a. 适当的【活用例句】It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without exception. 显而易见，这一新的制度适应于每一个人，没有例外。下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09常用词汇imagine* /I9mdZIn/ vt. 料想，猜想；想象，设想【引申】同义suppose vt. 料想，猜想【活用例句】You may imagine their astonishment at finding the room empty. 你可以想象他们发现房间里空无一人时那吃惊的样子。internal* /In9t(ae):nl/ a. 内部的；在内部的【词根】inter(among) nal(的)内部的【搭配】internal bleeding 内出血；internal organs 内脏【引申】同义inner a. 内部的，里面的inside a. 内部的interior a. 内部的，内的反义external a. 外部的，客观的【活用例句】We have no right to interfere in any other countrys internal affairs.我们无权干涉他国的内部事务。grant* /grA:nt/ vt. 授予；同意，准予 n. 拨款；授予物【联想】授予(grant)显赫的(grand)贵族爵位【搭配】grant sbs request同意某人的要求；take. for granted认为是理所当然【完形例句】Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. 参加有组织的运动在美国非常常见，许多的孩子和青少年都认为这些运动是理所当然的。08.12近形grand /grnd/ a. 宏伟的；重大的，重要的；傲慢的；绝佳的；总的【联想】牌子(brand)极好的(grand)白兰地酒(brandy)【活用例句】We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the Yellow Mountain.我们爬上黄山之巅时，看到了云海的壮观景象。suggest* /s59dZest/ vt. 使人想起；暗示；建议，提议【引申】同义imply vt. 暗示，意味cue v. & n. 提示，暗示，暗号【活用例句】A solution immediately suggested itself to me. 我马上想到了一个解决办法。同义advise* /5d9vaIz/ vt. 劝告，向提供意见；通知 vi. 提供意见，建议【搭配】advise against sth 劝告，忠告；advise on sth 提出建议【提示】该词的用法同 suggest，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语构成是(should+)动词原形，如，I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.有人劝我买医疗保险。【引申】同根advisory a. 顾问的，咨询的gradually /9grdZU5lI,-djU-/ ad. 逐渐地，逐步地，渐进地【引申】同根gradual a. 逐渐的，逐步的；坡度平缓的，不陡的【活用例句】The weather gradually improved. 天气逐渐好转。/ Gradually, the children began to understand. 孩子们渐渐开始明白。Text 3 Childrens EducationIn bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This m