专升本英语考点汇总

专升本英语考试题型试卷题型及分值分布表序号考试项目题号考试内容题型分值I听力理解115对话、实用会话、短文选择、填空15分II词汇和结构1630词汇、语法结构选择、填空15分III阅读理解3150理解语篇，包括一般性和应用性文字材料选择、填空、匹配40分IV翻译5156句子和段落句子翻译、段落翻译15分V写作57简历表、申请书、邀请信、通知等写作书写、套写、填写15分非英语专业考生只完成-部分，合计100分，按120分折算计入总分语法考点复习时态与语态一般现在时： 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时，如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unlessI will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow.He wont know the truth unless you tell him. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性的时间状语； He has opened the door. I have bought a computer.考点一：for +时间段；since+时间，主句用现在完成时 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二： 常见的不确定的时间状语：Lately, recently, already, yet, so far，up till now Has it stopped raining yet? 考点三： 表示”第几次做某事“或者”it is （最高级）the best (worst, most interesting)，主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film that I have seen.过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即发生在过去的过去。There had been 25 parks in the city up till 2000.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely/barely/rarelywhen; no sooner than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me .I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. 考点二： 表示第几次做某事/最高级，主句用过去式，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather .考点三： 用于by +过去时间段She had learnt 3 different languages by the end of 2009. 将来完成时（will have done）表将来某时刻之前已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一： by +将来时间段By next Friday, I will have got ready for the exam. 一般过去时表过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响。考点一：used to do 过去常常做某事 He used to smoke a lot.进行时态考点一：表示某个具体时间点在干什么，常常有具体的时间词，如at 10 oclock, at that moment等。He was doing homework at 9 oclock yesterday evening. 考点二：趋向性动词常用现在进行时表将来，如：go, come, leave, start等 I am coming. (马上来了)He is leaving Chongqing on Friday. (他星期五离开重庆)He is leaving for Chongqing on Friday. （他星期五要来重庆） 感官动词考点：表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, taste ,smell ,look ,sound ,taste, appear，感官动词做系动词时 翻译成 起来He is looking at the sun. (实意动词)He looks younger than his junior brother.(系动词)考点一： 做系动词时不能用于被动语态e.g. The music sounds beautiful. The silk feels soft. 考点二：做系动词时不能用于进行时态考点三：做系动词时后面接形容词，不接副词Sounds good. The cake tastes good. 语法专项练习一时态与语态1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _at the party.A. had left, arrivedB. left, had arrivedC. had left, had arrivedD. left, arrived2. Mary _ letter at nine yesterday evening.A. typed B. was typing C. has typed D. is typing 3.The work _ by the time you get here. A. will have been doneB. is doneC. had been doneD. would have done4.It _ for a week and the streets were flooded. A. has rainedB. was rained C. had been rainingD. should have rained5. Sorry, but we cannot go to San Diego. Our cousins _ to see us next Sunday.A. come B. are coming C. have come D. came6. She _ a number of books by the end of last year. A. had written B. has written C. have written D. had been written7. I _here since I came to Beijing.A. had lived B. have lived C. is living D. will live 8. By the end of next year, the building_.A. will completed B. will have been completed C. has completed D. is completing 9. He _ smoke a lot, now he is a non-smoker. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. used by 10. Hardly _ the room when it _ to rain. A. had entered, was raining B. entered, had rained C. had entered, rained D. entered, was raining二：非谓语 动词1.谓语动词2. 非谓语动词谓语动词1.行为动词/实意动词：eat, sleep. clean. Stay（可以单独做谓语，用副词修饰）2.联系动词：be, get, become (不能单独做谓语，其后成分称为表语)3.情态动词：can, could, will (不能单独做谓语，后接动词原型)4.助动词：do/have的各种形式，帮助完成时态与语气的动词，不能单独做谓语。 Have been here/I do like you.非谓语动词:1.不定式：to do （除了不能做谓语，其他成分都能做）2.分词：现在分词：Ving（表主动与进行），过去分词：(表被动与状态)3.动名词：Ving英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词 1)Grace finished her dinner at Wulong 2)attended the local dancing party.一加入连词 Grace had finished dinner at Wulong, and she attended the local dancing party later. 二放入从句The moment /when Grace had finished dinner at Wulong, she attended the local dancing party later. 三. 变为非谓语动词 Grace finished her dinner quickly to attend the local dancing party. 不定式考点：1. It is+ adj+ for sb to do sth/ It is + adj+ of sb to do sthe.g. It is difficult for him to finish the task. It is very kind of you to say so. 2. It takes sb some time to do sth 花费某人多少时间做某事It takes me three days to repair the machine. 3. so+ adj/adv+as to .如此，以至于e.g. The house is so high as to resemble a tower.4. only to 竟然(表出乎意料的转折)He studied hard only to fail the exam.5.but(except) 后带不带to ?若句子的谓语动词是“do”的各种形式，则不带toLast night, I did nothing but watch TV.若句子的谓语动词不是“do”的各种形式，则带toThe doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking. 6. 一听：listen to, hear 二看：watch, see, look at 三使：let, make, have 四注意：notice 五感觉：feel 以上动词接动词原形，但若用语被动语态，则应接带to的不定式。I made him do his work.He was made to do his work. 动名词考点：1. It is no good/use/point/a great fun +ving:做某事无好处/用处/意义/乐趣做某事It is no good helping him.It is a great fun getting to know your guys.2. There is no +doing sth 不可能做某事There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.There is no telling what he is going to do? 3. have difficulty(trouble, fun, a good time)+(in) doing sth 做某事难（麻烦，好玩）4. go + doing 户外活动Go fishing, go swimming, go shopping 4. be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事5. spend/ waste time (in) doing sth/on sth 6. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事I am sorry, I cant help overhearing7. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（主动表被动） The book is worth reading. 8. Li Ming is said _abroad. Do you know what countryA.to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying 分词考点：分词做状语：1） 主从句主语一致2） 省略从句连词与主语3） 从句分词形式取决于与主语的关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词(从)When the students saw the teacher entering classroom, （主）the students stood up. Seeing the teacher entering classroom, the students stood up.独立主格：独立主格结构有三种类型：1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式, 分词、形容词、副词、 介词短语）非谓语练习.1._ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not known B. Knowing not C. Known not D. Not knowing2. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 4. _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged 5. _ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 6. _ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited 7.Tom kept quiet about the accident_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 8. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 9. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 10. The old professor said to us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station. A. to build B. building C. build D. built 11. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 12._ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were13. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting14._, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 15. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 情态动词考点： Can, could May, might Must/have to Need Dare Will/would Shall/should/ought to考点一： Must的否定回答在回答must引起的问句时，如果是否定的答复，可用dont have to或neednt(不必) ，但不能用mustnt(一定不，必须不，不允许，不得) 。如：Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？Yes, you must. 是的，你必须马上打扫。No, you dont have to (=neednt) . 不必啦。You mustntsmoke in the office. 你不得在办公室抽烟。考点二：must表肯定猜测：Must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句中must do 对一般时的肯定推测must be doing 对现在的动作进行肯定推测 must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.He must be reading novels now.The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 考点三：cant/couldt表否定推测考点四：need doing sth=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. The house needs painting.=The house needs to be painted. 延伸：want, request doing sth=want/request to be done 考点五：need/dare既可做实意动词，也可做情态动词。实意动词用在肯定句中（need/dare to do sth），情态动词用在否定和疑问句中(need/dare do sth )。Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.He needs to go there himself.三情态动词1.- She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 2. You _ be hungry already , you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 3.Im sorry. I _at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted4. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed5. There were already fi ve people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 6. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 7. Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night.A. it must have rained B. it must rain C. it must be raining D. it must have been rained8. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _.A. ought to be said B. must say C. have to be said D. need to say9.You _ all those calculations. We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A. must not have done B. should not have C. can not have done D. neednt have done10.With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt goB. wouldnt go C. oughtnt go D. shouldnt have gone11.“I saw Mary in the library yesterday.”“You _her, she is still in hospital.”A. mustnt have seen B. could not see C. cant have seen D. must not see虚拟语气一 If 型二 Should+动词原形三 类似if 型一If 型（主从句在现有时态基础上向前退一个时态）1. if 条件句的虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+wereIf+主语+Ved 主语+Should/would/could+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+had done 主语+Should/would/could+ have done sth与将来事实相反If+主语+vedIf+主语+shouldIf+主语+were to 主语+ Should/would/could+动词原形If it rains tomorrow, it will be fine. Be to do sth If John were here now ,he would explain it.If you had asked me earlier, I would have told you.If it rained/should rain/ were to rain tomorrow, . I would stay at home If 条件句中有were, had, could, should等，可省略if, 将were, had, could, should提到句首，变为倒装。hadyou asked me earlier, I would have told you.Had you asked me earlier, I would have told you.If John were here now ,he would explain it.Were John here now ,he would explain it.二Should+动词原形1. 其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词(suggestion ,advice, proposal, requiremen)引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中用(should)+动词原形。He suggested that we (should) go home earlier.His suggestion was that we (should) go home earlier.区分suggest+(that)+主语+(should)do+sth Suggest doing sth He suggested going out for a walk. He suggested that I should go out for a walk. insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式 Insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。e.g. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.I insisted that you were wrong.I insisted he should return_(return) the book. 2. It is important (necessary, strange,) that .类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，desired， a pity, a shame, no wonder e.g. Its necessary that we should have a walk三类似if 型1.Wish/as if/as though/ if only/would rather that e.g. I wish I were 30 years younger.He treated the little girl as if she had been he own daughter.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.If only I had seen the film yesterday!2.e.g. Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.3. 介词短语引导的虚拟语气e.g. If you had not helped us,we wouldnt have made . But for your help, we _(make) such rapid progress.Without air, there _would be_ (be) no living things. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).would have died 四虚拟语气1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person referred to_ put into prisonA. was B. be C. will be D. would be6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I would rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up ?-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 15. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be从句常见考点：（定从，状从，名从（主语从句、宾语从句，表语从句）定语从句考点：（一） 用关系代词还是关系副词关系代词who人 主、宾、表whom人 宾which物 主、宾、表that人和物 主、宾、表as物 主、宾关系形容词Whose=ofwhom/of which人和物的定语Whose与of which /whom的区别 of which/whom 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the或其他限定词，也就是说如果名词前有限定词就只能用 of which/whom 。如果名词前没有限定词，就用 whose。关系副词When=at/in/on/duringwhich Where=at/in/towhichWhy=forwhich注意：关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定 2012.22Thisistheplacewherewework.(vi).This is the place.We work in the place. Thisistheplacewhichwevisited.(vt)（二） 关系代词和关系副词的特殊情况1指物时只用that，不用which的情况：1)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或thelast,theonly,thevery等表强调的词等修饰。3).在疑问词who,what,which开头的句子中。（避免歧意）WhoisthegirlthatistalkingwithMr.Brown？4).当先行词既指人又指物时。Wearetalkingaboutthepeopleandcountriesthatwehavevisited.2.只能用which不能用that的情况。1).引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。e.g. Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.2).在介词后面:介词+which(先行词是物)Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.注意:若介词在从句中而没有直接在关系词后,可以用which或that.例如:Theworldthatweliveinismadeofmatter.（三）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，一般用引导词which/as/who,非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。 状语从句考点：（一）条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if,unless，as/solongas,consideringthat，supposingthat,providedthat（假如，在的条件下）, onconditionthat（只要，在的条件下）等等。（二）时间状语从句属连词：when，as，while，before，after，since，till/until，assoonas，once，等。用于It+be+时间段+before：在之后才e.g.ItwilllbefiveyearsbeforeIcomeback.常于情态动词can/could连用：还没来得及就e.g.BeforeIcouldsayaword,shehadrushedoutoftheroom名词短语（连词功能）：nexttime,everytime,themoment,theminute等。E.g. Every minute I see her, it reminds me of my moher. （三）让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although（尽管），evenif/eventhough（即使），nomatterhow(what，when，which，who，where)，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，wherever)（无论），as（尽管），while（虽然，尽管）等。As 表尽管放在句首时，将从句中的宾语或表语提前，如果有冠词，省略冠词。Young as he is, he has a lot of experience. Child as he is, he has a lot of experience.（四）结果状语从句结果状语从句的连词有：sothat，sothat，suchthat.结果状语放在主句之后。常见句型结构有：(1)so+形容词/副词+that从句；(2)sucha/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句;（五）目的状语从句目的状语从句连词有：incase“以免，以防万一”，inorderthat“为了，以便”。sothat引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。inorderthat引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。（六）地点状语从句地点状语从句由where，anywhere,wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”。（七）原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since，when(既然),nowthat（既然），seeingthat(因为),consideringthat，in that（在于，因为）等名词性从句考点（主语，表语，宾语）1，that何时可以省略1)that在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略(1)Weregret(that)youdidnotfindourprouctsatisfactory.(2)Wetoldthedriver（that）wewereinahurry.2）在主语，表语，同位语从句中一般不能省略。(1)Thatyouwanttobeindependentisonlynatural.(2)TheadvantageofDVDisthatitgivesyoumuchbetterpicturequality.(3)Weshouldmakepeoplefacethefactthatalotofpeoplediefromsmokingeveryyear.2，if和whether的区别：1）在宾语从句中，if和whether一般都可以使用.在宾语从句中，只能使用whether的情况：(1)介词之后Yoursuccessorfailuredependsonwhetheryouworkhard.(2)紧跟ornot时Sheaskedmewhetherornothewouldcome.(3)接不定式Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?(4)主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句只能用whether.WhetherIwillcome