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几道非谓语动词作1. He walked in, _A_ a book in his hand, went to a table near the window and sat down in silence.A. carrying B. carried C. to carry D. having carried【解析】答案选A。此题考查分词作状语的用法。首先不定式表示目的和将来可以排除；having done强调动作的完成，不符合题意，只剩下A和B，这是一个并列句，句中有三个谓语动词walked in, went to 和sat down。句中的carrying a book in his hand是现在分词，用作状语，修饰walked in，表伴随。提醒：此题易错选B。2. _B_for many years, the novelist suddenly became famous.A. having ignored B. Having been ignored C. to have been ignored D. to be ignored【解析】正确答案为B。此题考查分词作状语。因ignored和the novelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A。至于C和D，首先可排除D，因为它是不定式的一般式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；而C是不定式的完成式，一般不作时间状语。3. _B_ to the consumers, more and more advertisers are using images of pop stars in their ads. A. Appealed B. to appealedC. appealing D. to be appealed【解析】正确答案为B，考查不定式的用法。首先可以排除A和D，因为appeal是不及物动词，不能用过去分词表被动，从句意来看，题目想表达的是为了吸引消费者，不定式作目的状语，而现在分词一般情况下不能表目的，所以选B。4. Whats the matter with you?_D_ the heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly.A. Having carried B. Carried C. While carrying D. While I was carrying【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语。一般说来，非谓语动词的逻辑主语需要和主句主语一致，此题中，主句的主语是my waist，而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，所以不能用非谓语动词，只能用状语从句，所以选D。5. _D_with enough instruments necessary for the experiment, these scientists are expecting to finish it ahead of time. A. To be supplied B. to supplied C. supplying D. supplied【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词作状语。这句话的主语是scientists，与非谓语动词supply是动宾关系，也就是被提供，因此排除了B和C，不定式作状语表示将来和目的，与题意不符，所以选D。英语冠词典型考题讲练1. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填B. a; 不填C. a; the D. 不填; the2. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence. A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填3. When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office. A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a ; theD. the ; the4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _ . A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices5. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填6. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. A. the , /B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a7. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat. A. the; a B. the; 不填C. a; the D. a; 不填8. When you finish reading this book, you will have _ better understanding of _ life.A. a, theB. the, a C. /, the D. a, /9. It is _ world of wonders _ world where anything can happen. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. 不填, 不填10. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. A. 不填；不填B. the；不填C. the; theD. a; the11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discover which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea12. Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a13. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D. /；the 14. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere(www.yygrammar.com). A. a; the B. the; the C. the; aD. a; a 15. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; 不填B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填16. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; theD. 不填; the17. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A. 不填, the B. 不填, an C. an, an D. the, the 18. The sign reads “In case of _ fire, break the glass and press _ red button. ” A. / ; a B. / ; the C. the; the D. a; a19. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; the B. the; 不填C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the1. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词；books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词。又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词，without saying a word意为“没说一句话”；虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名词，但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默，所以用the。3. A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时，不用冠词。leave college意为“大学毕业”。又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词，所以选A。4. C. price前加定冠词表特指。句意为“如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士”。5. B. 因为division后有介词短语betweenand的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the。又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词。6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词。句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅”。7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用the；第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词。句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作“了解、理解”解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和C。又因为life作“生活、人生”解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词。have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”。9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但world有定语修饰时，表示“一个的世界”时，要用不定冠词。题中两个world都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，所以两个都用不定冠词。句意是：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。10. C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰，是特指，用the；又因为“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，所以前面也要用the。11. A. 因为discovery作“被发现的事物”讲是可数名词，前面用不定冠词，又如，make an important discovery scientific discovery (作出重大的科学发现)。man作“人、人类”解，是既没有复数形式，也不能在前面加冠词的，understanding前又受名词所有格mans修饰，也不能用冠词，所以第二空不用冠词。12. A。information 是不可数名词，前面不用冠词，因此排除 B 和 D；have a word with是固定短语，意为“和某人谈一下”。句意为“我想请你帮我看一下旅馆的管理材料”。“好的，你可以和饭店经理谈，他会帮你的”。13. A。此题考查不定冠词和不用冠词的情况。抽象名词knowledge前加不定冠词a使其具体化，a knowledge of English意为“懂英语”；而international trade是泛指，意为“国际贸易”，前面不用冠词。句意为“很多人认为懂英语是当今国际贸易所必需的”。14. D。此题在特定语境中考查不定冠词的用法。第一句句意为“你看见一支钢笔吗？”是泛指，用不定冠词。第二空“是黑色的吗？”不是二次提及上文的钢笔，也是泛指，故也用不定冠词。15. C。(be) in use是固定词组,意为“在使用中”；第二空是序数词前要加定冠词，the thirteenth century 指第13世纪。句意为“十三世纪马可波罗访问中国时，中国已用纸币”。16. B。animals 是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词；kind是单数可数名词，ofkind“种类的”。根据句意“多数动物与另一类的动物没有关系，除非它们以其为食”。可指应用a表示泛指。17. C。句意为“从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次非常激动人心的经历”。airplane表泛指，以元音开头用an；experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词，因此表示“一次经历”要加不定冠词。18. B。fire泛指“火灾,失火”，不用冠词；red button 是特指，第二空用 the。句意为“那块牌子上写着：“万一失火，打碎这块玻璃，按那个红色按钮”。19. B。第一空用the表示特指“今日的新闻”；第二空reports是复数名词表泛指，不加冠词。句意为“在今天的新闻中有关于那个地区的大雪的报道”。英语基础语法常考题附解析1. What are you reading, Jane?Some books on _ education, Im now interested in _ education of young people. A. an; theB. /; theC. the; anD. an；/2. You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday.Oh, I_ for a friend from Beijing at the railway station.A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. have waited3. Little Jim has been eating sweets all day.Its no _ he is not hungryA. matterB. doubtC. problemD. wonder4. Comrade Wang _ be in ShanghaiI saw him in the company only a few minutes ago. A. mustntB. cantC. may notD. isnt able to5. It was not until I got home _ I found my wallet missing.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. which6. The number of the people present at the concert _ much smaller than expected. There _ many tickets left.A. was; wasB. were; wasC. were; wereD. was; were7. _ you stepped into the lab with your shoes on? Youre supposed to take them off before you enter it. I told you so!A. How comeB. How dareC. How aboutD. How long88. They made no effort to hide their amusement _ I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. A. however B. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever9. _ her work has been good, but this essay is dreadfulA. In a wordB. In generalC. In particularD. In total10. She returned home from the office, only _ the door open and something missing.A. findingB. to be foundC. to findD. found 11. We should _ ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.A. devoteB. spendC. offer D. provide12. The Anti- Japanese War _ in 1937 and it _ eight years.A. broke out; lasted B. broke out; was lastedC. was broken out; lastedD. was broken out; was lasted13. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building _others were waiting on the airfield.A. duringB. whereC. whichD. while14. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. Which15. Lets go to the zoo this Sunday, OK?_. I love to see all kinds of animals.A. I couldnt agree moreB. Im afraid notC. I believe notD. I dont think so1. B。第一个 education 意为“教育；教育学”，为不可数名词，因此不用冠词；而第二个 education 表示特指，意为“年轻人的教育”，因此用定冠词，故答案为 B。2. A。根据上句中的时间状语的提示可知谓语动词是指过去某时正在发生的事情，因此用过去进行时态，故答案为 A。3. D。上句“小吉姆整天在吃糖果”是“他不饿”的原因，因此答案为 D。no wonder 意为“难怪，不足为怪。”4. B。情态动词 must 表推测时只能用于肯定句。在否定句中用 cant代替must。cant 意为“不可能”；may not 意为“可能不”；be able to 表示经过努力或克服了困难之后做成了某事的能力，意为“能，会”。句中的破折号起解释说明的作用。“我几分钟前在公司见过他”，因此“不可能在上海”，故答案为 B。5. A。强调句的基本结构由“It is / was +被强调部分 + that / who + 句子其余部分”组成，如果被强调的是人用 that 或 who；其他用 that。句意为：到了家我才发现我的钱包不见了。6. D。the number of 修饰可数名词复数作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式；There be 必须与后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。tickets 为复数名词，因此用were。故答案为 D。7. A。how come 意为“怎么”；how dare 意为“怎敢”；how about 意为“怎麽样”；how long 意为“多久”。根据语境“怎么穿着鞋进了实验室？进来之前你该脱掉。我早告诉过你”可知答案为 A。8. D。此题考查 whenever 引导的时间状语从句。句意为“每当我从衣袋里拿出一包糖果的时候，他们毫不掩饰他们觉得好笑”。9. B。in a word 意为“总之”；in general 意为“一般地；大体上；通常”；in particular 意为“特别”；in total 意为“整个地；总共”。根据句意“总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了”答案为 B。10. C。作结果状语时，不定式常表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即预料之外；而分词常表示一种自然而然的结果，即预料之中。根据语境“发现门开着，有东西丢了”是他没想到的，因此可知应用不定式。又因句子的主语 he 与动词 find是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用主动语态，因此答案为 C(www.yygrammar.com)。11. A。devoteto 为习惯用语，意为“把献给；把专用于”。句意为“我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。”12. A。break out 和 last 都是不及物动词，都不能用于被动语态，因此答案为 A。句意为“抗日战争 1937 年爆发，持续了八年。”13. D。while 作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意为“而、却”。句意为“当飞机抵达时,一部分侦探等在主楼里面，而另一部分则等在停机坪上。”14. B。as 和 which 引导非限定性定语从句，都可以指整个句子，有时可以通用。但 as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。which 只能放在句中。句意为“周所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。”15. A。上句提出建议“我们周日去动物园好吗？”根据答语中的后句“我喜欢看各种动物”可知是表示赞成对方的建议，故答案为 A。意为“我非常赞成。”1. “May I borrow your paper?” “ _.” A. By all meansB. Never mindC. You are welcomeD. Dont mention it2. This bird is really lovely, and Ive never seen _ one. A. a finerB. a finestC. the finerD. the finest3. Since theres no more work to do, we might just _ go home. A. so wellB. as wellC. so goodD. as good4. He made _ known to his friends that he didnt want to enter politics. A. that B. itC. himselfD. him5. That car nearly hit me; I _. A. might be killedB. might have been killedC. may be killedD. may been killed6. “Have you ever eaten snails?” “No, and I hope I _.”A. will neverB. never willC. have neverD. never have7. She wrote a famous book, and so _ a place in history. A. winningB. to win C. to have wonD. won8. Ill have to change my clothes before I go out I dont want _ like this. A. to seeB. seeing C. to be seenD. being seen9. We make sure were always well stocked up with candles, just _. A. in caseB. for certainC. in practiceD. for use10. Its hard to rescue drowning people because they _ so much. A. sinkB. swimC. jumpD. struggle11. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow. A. cant getB. wont getC. hadnt gotD. wouldnt get12. The little time we have together we try _ wisely.A. spending itB. to spend itC. to spendD. spending that13. You should put on the notices _ all the people may see them.A. whereB. in whichC. atD. for them14. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put15. The old house, in front of _ there is an apple tree, is _ I used to live.A. that, the placeB. it, the placeC. which, whereD. what, where1. A。by all means 表示同意，意为“完全可以”。2. A。Ive never seen a finer one 的实际意思是 This is the finest one Ive ever seen。3. B。might just as well (后接动词原形)的意思是“不如”或“还是的好”。4. B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didnt want to enter politics。5. B。表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might+动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能的事，则可用 may might + 动词完成式，如 He may might have gone. 他可能已经走了。6. B。根据句意，填空处应用将来时态(实为将来时态的省略式)；另外注意，频度副词本来通常置于助动词之后，但是若省略主要动词，即当频度副词和助动词置于句末时，应将频度副词置于助动词之前。7. D。and so won a place可视为 and so he won a place之省略。8. C。want 表示“想要”时，其后通常接不定式，又由于主语与see 之间含有被动关系，故用被动式。9. A。in case 在此表示“以防万一”。10. D。由句意和常识推知。11. A。we cant get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。12. C。该句的正常词序为 We try to spend the little time we have together wisely.13. A。where 指“在的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。14. A。句中四个动词为并列谓语，应时态一致(www.yygrammar.com)。15. C。第一空应填 which，in front of which there is an apple tree 为修饰 the old house 的非限制性定语从句；第二空填 where，用以引导表语从句。典型定语从句易错题详解The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it wasC. which wereD. them were【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it isC. which areD. them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which is D. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them areA man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. whichC. where D. what【易错】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. ThatD. What【易错】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：(1) _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. WhichB. AsC. That D. It(2) _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. AsC. That D. ItDavid is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that B. whoC. as D. whom【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. that B. whoC. as D. whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. like B. thatC. which D. asThe buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. itC. themD. which【易错】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. thatB. itC. them D. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. thatB. itC. them D. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. that B. itC. them D. which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. himC. them D. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. that B. whoC. them D. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students. A. that B. whoC. themD. whomHe had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whomB. themC. which D. who【易错】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer.A. whichB. themC. what D. that(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. themB. whichC. what D. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. whomB. themC. whichD. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. them B. whomC. which D. whoHe had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. themC. which D. who【易错】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. whatD. that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. whichD. that选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. whichD. that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. their B. whoseC. whichD. that选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. whichC. what D. that【易错】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK.A. asB. whichC. and it D. that(2) If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15.
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