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名词第一节 可数名词一、 可数名词的分类 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中，可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，他们通常有单数和复数的形式。 单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy.二、 可数名词的变化规则1、 直接在单词的后面加-s.photo-photos book-books egg-eggs student-students pen-pensvillage-villages building-buildings cloud-clouds flower-flowershand-hands map-maps girl-girls2、 如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，通常要在单词后面加-es.bus-buses class-classes box-box dress-dresses peach-peacheswatch-watches fish-fishes 3、 以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，则直接加上-s.family-families story-stories baby-babies day-days toy-toys boy-boys4、 以f,fe结尾的单词，要把f,fe变为v，再加-es.knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves 5、 以o结尾的单词一般加-s构成复数，但是potato, tomato,hero等词要加-es构成复数。radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos studio-studiospotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes6、 一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men sheep-sheep fish-fish deer-deer people-people child-childrenox-oxen mouse-mice7、 be和指示代词的复数。is-are am-are this-these that-those it-they8、 有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的，如：shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。综合练习一、 选择a/an填空。1. elephant 2. tree 3. hamburger 4. ice-cream 5. computer 6. orange 7. melon 8. hen 9. eraser 10. old man 11. English teacher 12. red apple二、把下列单词改成复数形式。 1. class 2.bus 3.glass 4.dress 5.box 6.fox 7.watch 8.peach 9.fish 10.wolf 11.knife 12.family 13.story 14.baby 15.library 三、写出下列各词的单数形式。1.potatoes 2.bridges 3.ladies 4.our 5.are 6.they 7.sheep 8.men 9.feet 10.dishes 11.shelves 12.houses 四、把下列句子变成复数形式。1、What is this? 2、This is a bus. 3、What is that? 4、What is it? 5、That is a tomato. 6、He is a policeman. 7、She is a woman. 8、It is a wolf. 9、There is a sheep near the mountain. 10、She has a good teacher. 五、选词填空。例：This is a lady.(lady,ladies)1. There are some (dish,dishes)on the table.2. Uncle Li has many (duck,ducks)and a big (dog, dogs)on his farm.3. Ihavesome English and American .(stamp,stamps)4.This is not (an orange, oranges). Its (an apple, apples).5.Kids like (cake, cakes)and (hot dogs, hot dog).6.There is (an air-conditioner, air-conditioners)and two (window, windows)in my room.7. (Artist, An artist)loves painting.8. (Fishes, Fish)is my favourite food.9. (Potatoes, Potato)are my favourite fruit.10. (Rabbits, Rabbit)like (carrot, carrots).11. (Children, Chilrens)have a good time on Childrens Day.12.The little kid has only one (tooth,teeth).第三节 不可数名词一、 不可数名词的概念1. 一般来说，不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a ,an 连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如果时表示复数的数量关系时，则把量词变化，不可数名词不变。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。例如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时间2. some 与 any 词语辨析some与any都表示“一些”，但它们的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句与一般疑问句中。同学们要特别注意的是：some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句） I dont have any beautiful stamps.（否定句） Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑问句） A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.（客气请求的一般疑问句）3. many ,a lot of ,much 词语辨析many ,a lot of ,much ,这三个词都是表示“许多”。many是用来修饰可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词，a lot of则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。例子：Peter has many friend .（可数名词的前面） Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可数名词的前面）Peter has a lot of friend. （可数名词的前面）Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可数名词的前面）二、 不可数名词的归类1、表示液体：water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink2、表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品类：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food4、其它类：newspaper, news, homework, housework综合练习一、 给下列词语分类。A. money B.tiger C.chick D.strawberry E.beef F.mutton B. G.tofu H.tomato I.crayon J.rice K.ink L.bread可数名词 不可数名词
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