基础医学英语词汇

常见医学单词：BSL Blood Sugar Level 血糖水平 anti-coagulation 抗凝CHF Congestive Heart Failure 充血性心力衰竭 constrict / constriction 收缩 RBC Red Blood Cell dilate / dilation 舒张 WBC White Blood Cell negative 阴性Platelet 血小板 positive 阳性Plasma/serum 血浆 myocardium 心肌Consciousness 意识 coronary artery 冠状动脉Hypoxia 缺氧 ventricle 心室Osmotic pressure 渗透压 atrium 心房Colloid Osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压 blood supply 血供Spinal column 脊柱 BT bleeding time 出血时间Acidosis 酸中毒 Alkalosis 碱中毒 CT clotting time 凝血时间Pulmonary edema 肺水肿 water-soluble 水溶性nerve 神经 fat-soluble 脂溶性Oxygen 氧气 pulmonary arterial / vein肺动/静脉Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 elastic 有弹性的Stomach 胃 tissue 组织Gastric contents 胃内容物 aorta 主动脉Risk factor 危险因素 exchange 交换Flushed skin 皮肤发红 gallbladder 胆囊Pallor 苍白 lung 肺Dizziness 头晕 kidney 肾Nausea 恶心 cardiac output 心输出量Vomit 呕吐 peripheral resistance 外周阻力Seizure 惊厥 systolic blood pressure 收缩压Enema 灌肠 diastolic blood pressure 舒张压Electrolyte 电解质 normal range 正常范围Fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱 capillary 毛细血管BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮 circulatory system 循环系统Blood gas 血气 release 释放Hormone 激素 superficial 表浅的Protein 蛋白质 blood volume 血容量Albumin 白蛋白 bradycardia 心动过缓Glucose 葡萄糖 tachycardia 心动过速Hemoglobin 血红蛋白 valve 瓣膜Sternum 胸骨 forearm 前臂Rib 肋骨 breast 胸部，乳房Liver 肝 armpit 腋窝Spleen 脾 groin 腹股沟Pancreas 胰腺 prevent 预防Iron 鉄 bloodstream 血流Calcium 钙 fiber 纤维Magnesium 镁 acute 急性的Sodium 钠 diarrhea 腹泻Potassium 钾 Antibody-antigen complex 抗原抗体复合物Bone marrow 骨髓 myocardial infarctionTransplant 移植 low-grade fever 低热Blurred vision 视力模糊 chill 寒战Spontaneous 自主的 urticaria 风疹Dysrhythmia 心律不齐 inhibitor 抑制剂GI irritation 胃肠刺激 inflammation 炎症Intake and output 出入量 angioplasty 血管扩张术Hypokalemia 低血钾 normal saline 生理盐水Hyperkalemia 高血钾 circulatory overload 循环负担过重Hypotension 低血压 shortness of breath 气短Hypertension 高血压 restless 烦躁不安Antihypertensive 抗高血压药 rapid and thready pulse 脉搏细速Headache 头痛 orthopnea 端坐呼吸Urinary retention 尿储留 pallor/ cyanosis 苍白Angina pectoris 心绞痛 chest pain central venous pressure 中心静脉压Sublingual 舌下的 Fowlers position 端座卧位Oral 口服的 Semi- Fowlers position 半座卧位Topical 局部的 dyspnea 呼吸困难Calcium channel blocker 钙离子通道阻滞剂 diuretics 利尿剂Mucosa 粘膜 impaired 受损的Orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压 pink and frothy sputum粉红色泡沫样痰Hypoglycemia 低血糖 yellow sputum 黄痰Hyperglycemia 高血糖 blood-streaked sputum 血丝痰Hypovolemia 低血容量 mucoid sputum 黏液痰Hypervolemia 高血容量 breathing pattern 呼吸模式Preload and afterload （心脏的）前后负荷 sterile 无菌的Dehydration 脱水 container 容器Uric acid 尿酸 cool clammy skin 皮肤湿冷Sign 体征 preventive 预防性的Symptom 症状 bronchitis 支气管炎Symptom free/ asymptomatic 无症状 pneumonia 肺炎Monitor 监测 concentration 浓度Constipation 便秘 barrel chest 桶状胸Skin rash 皮疹 distended neck vein 颈静脉怒张Heparin 肝素 external irritant 外界刺激物Warfarin 华法林 endocrine system 内分泌系统Hemorrhage 大出血 insulin 胰岛素Therapy 疗法 absorption 吸收Alcohol 酒精 reabsorption 再吸收Anemia 贫血 shock 休克Folic acid 叶酸 trauma 外伤Allergic reaction 过敏反应 complication 并发症Bile 胆汁 compensatory 代偿的Bile acid 胆汁酸Cholesterol 胆固醇Obesity 肥胖症Stuffy nose 鼻塞collect sputum and blood specimen for culture and sensitivity tests 收集痰血标本做细菌培养和药敏COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病DM Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Gestational diabetes 妊娠糖尿病Ketone body 酮体Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒Insulin resistant 胰岛素耐受Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Mechanism 机制，机理IDDM (Type 1) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NIDDM (Type 2) non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病Glucose Tolerance Test 糖耐量试验Oral anti-diabetic medications 口服降糖药PVD peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病Arterioatherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化CAD coronary artery disease 冠心病CVD cerebral vascular disease 脑血管病Polyuria 多尿Ulcer 溃疡Gangrene 坏疽Fatigue 疲乏Blurred vision 视力模糊Fasting blood sugar 空腹血糖2-hour post-prandial glucose 餐后两小时血糖Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒Ketonuria 酮尿 Sweet breath odor 烂苹果味呼吸Mental confusion 精神错乱Slurred speech 说话含糊不清Wound healing 伤口愈合Renal function 肾功能Renal failure 肾衰Uremia 尿毒症Creatinine 肌酐Urea 尿素Internal 内部的External 外部的Itching 痒BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳结合力Urine gravity 尿比重Bleeding tendency 出血倾向Injury 外伤Patency 开放，通畅Bed sore 褥疮Skin care 皮肤护理Paraplegia 截瘫Pacemaker 起搏器Elevate 抬高Pitting edema 凹陷型水肿Sodium-restricted diet 限钠饮食Interstitial space 组织间隙Extremity 四肢，肢端Deficiency 缺乏，不足Blood transfusion 输血GI irritation 胃肠刺激Pleural space 胸膜腔Fluctuate 波动Kink 弯曲，折住Water-seal chamber 水封瓶Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿Airtight 密封的Sharp pain 锐痛Dull pain 钝痛Burning pain 灼痛Radiating pain 放射痛各科室名称：medical department; department of internal medicine: 内科 surgical department; department of surgery: 外科 department of obstetrics and gynecology : 妇产科 ophtalmology department: 眼科 dental department: 牙科 ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科 urology department: 泌尿科 dermatology department; skin department: 皮肤科 orthopedic surgery department: 矫形外科 traumatology department: 创伤外科 plastic surgery: 整形外科 anesthesiology department: 麻醉科 pathology department: 病理科 cardiology department: 心脏病科 psychiatry department: 精神病科 orthopedics department: 骨科 department of cardiac surgery: 心脏外科 department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科 neurology department: 神经科 neurosurgery department: 神经外科 thoracic surgery department: 脑外科 department of traditional Chinese medicine: 中医科 registration office: 挂号处 out-patient department: 门诊部 in-patient department: 住院部 nursing department: 护理部 consulting room: 诊室 waiting room: 候诊室 emergency room: 急诊室 admitting office: 住院处 operation room: 手术室 X-ray department: 放射科 blood bank: 血库 dispensary; pharmacy: 药房 ward: 病房 laboratory: 化验室牤 Department of Nephrology 肾内科 Department of Chemotherapy 化疗科 Department of Radiotherapy 放疗科 Department of Endocrinology 内分泌科 Respiratory medicine 呼吸科 Rheumatology 风湿科 Hematology 血液科 Geriatrics 老年科 Neurology 神经科 Oncology 肿瘤科 Thoracic surgery 胸外科 Urology 泌尿外科 Neurosurgery 神经外科 Vascular surgery 周围血管外科 Gastroenterology 肠胃外科 Hepatobiliary surgery 肝胆外科 General surgery 普外科 Orthopedics 骨科 Cardiovascular surgery 心外科 Burns surgery 烧伤科 Hand surgery 手外科 Plastic surgery 整形外科 Pediatric surgery 儿外科 Obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科 Stomatology 口腔科 Ophthalmology 眼科 Infectious disease 感染科 Dermatology 皮肤科 Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科 Nuclear medicine 核医学科 Psychiatry 精神科 Medical rehabilitation 康复科 Anesthesiology 麻醉科 Radiology 放射科 Ultrasonography 超声科 Pain management 疼痛科 Pharmacology 药理科 Internal Medicine 内科常见护理英语80句一Receiving the patient（接待病人） 1.How do you do? / Good morning! 您好！（初次见面时使用）/早上好！ 2.What can I do for you? /Can I help you? 您需要我帮助吗？ 3Ill bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed. 我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位. 4.The toilet is over there. 卫生间在那边 5.We supply hot water. 我们供应热水 6.Please wait a moment. Ill let your doctor know. / Ill inform your doctor. 请等一会儿,我去通知医生. 7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生 8.Please let us know if you need any help. 您需要帮助时，请告诉我们. 9.Smoking is not allowed here. 这里不允许吸烟 二.information collection (收集信息) 10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 您介意我问您几个问题吗? 11. We need some information from you. 我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息. 12. Is your tummy still sore? 您的肚子还疼吗? 13. Does your pain come on after or before meals? 您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作？ 14. Does it hurt to pass urine? /when I press here? 排尿时痛吗？/ 当我按压这儿时痛吗？ 15. Does your back ache? 您的后背痛吗？ 16.Do your feet swell?您的脚肿了吗？ 17. Do you have a cough/fever? 您咳嗽吗？/ 您有发热吗？ 18. Do you bring up any sputum? 您咳痰吗？ 19. Is there any radiation of the pain? (to the shoulder)有放射（到肩部的）痛吗？ 20. How long have you had the pain? 您的痛有多长时间了？ 21. When did the pain start? /where is your pain? 疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛？ 22. Are your periods regular? 您的月经规则吗？ 三Physical examination（查体） 23.Will you please undress for medical examination? 请您脱下衣服做体检好吗？ 24. Take off your clothes, please. 请把衣服脱下来 25.Lie down on the couch, please. /Just lie still on the couch and relax. 请躺在治疗床上./ 请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松. 26.Bend your knees, please. 请屈膝. 27.Open your mouth and say ah 张开口, 说: 啊 28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸 29.May I examine your tummy, please? 我要检查下您的肚子, 好吗? 30.Roll up your sleeves, please. 请卷起袖子. 四Communication. (交流) 31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit. 我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下. 32.Let me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏. 33. Ill test/take your blood pressure. 我要测量您的血压. 34. Im afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level. 我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指. 35. Ill take some blood from your arm now. 现在我要从您的胳膊抽血. 36. Dont take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning. 半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血. 37. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine. 请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿. 38. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 请做一下您的血和尿试验. 39. You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today. 今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT. 40. You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一个胸片. 41. You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full. 您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈. 42. You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. Please dont eat or drink anything after 12 oclock tonight. 明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任何东西。 43. You are going to have urine catheterization now. 现在您需要导尿. 44. Im going to do an ECG for you. 我要给您做心电图. 45. Im going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression. 我要放胃管到您的胃内，这是胃肠减压. We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.我们通过胃管给您必要的营养.当我放管时,请做吞咽动作. 46. Im going to make your bed. / well change the bed linen at once.我要给您整理床铺/我们马上给您换床单. 47.Ill apply a cold(hot) compress to your ankle.我要给您的踝部冷/热敷 48.An operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now. Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation? 明天将做手术/现在马上做急诊手术. 同意手术请您签字好吗？ 49. Im going to shave your skin. / Im going to do skin preparation for you. 我要给您做备皮/我要给您做皮肤准备。 50. Youre going to have a local/general/epidural anesthesia. 要给您做局麻/全身麻醉/硬膜外麻醉. 51. Are you allergic to any medication?/ penicillin?您对什么药物/青霉素过敏吗? 52. Im going to do a skin test of penicillin for you./ If you feel itchy or short of breath, please let me know at once. Ill see the result in fifteen minutes. /Im going to do a tetanus hypersensitive test for you. 我要给您做青霉素皮试. 如果您感到痒或气短,请立刻告诉我./我十五分钟后看结果./我要给您做破伤风皮试. 53. Im going to give you an intramuscular injection./intravenous infusion/hypodermic injection. 我要给您做肌肉/静脉/皮内注射 54.Im going to give you an enema to help you pass motion.我要给您灌肠, 帮助您排便 55.The doctor will change your dressing. /The doctor will remove your stitches.医生要给您换药/医生要给您拆线. 56.Im going to give you oxygen now. 我要给您吸氧 57.Im going to give you nebulization.我要给您(雾化)吸入. 58. Im going to do bladder irrigation for you.我要给您做膀胱冲洗 59.You have to rest in bed for at least one week您至少要卧床休息一周. 60. How are you today? How was your sleep last night? How is your appetite? 您今天怎么样？您昨晚睡得怎么样？您的食欲怎么样？ 61. Did you pass motion yesterday? /Are your bowel movements normal? 昨天您排便了吗？/您的大便正常吗？ 62. What color of your urine? 您的尿液什么颜色？ 63. How much urine do you pass each time? 您每次排尿多少？ 64.You will have skin/cervical traction.要给您做皮肤/颈部牵引 65. Take more exercises. /Do some light work, have a happy outlook, avoid excitement and too much worry. Be careful not to stumble. 多做锻炼/做一些轻体力活动，保持良好的心态，避免兴奋和过度忧虑，小心不要摔倒 66.You are going to have a blood transfusion.要给您输血 67.The results are normal.结果正常 68.You are suffering from /Your disease was diagnosed as 您的病诊断为 69.You have to stop smoking and alcohol.您必须戒烟、戒酒 五about medication and nutrition（关于药物和营养） 70.Take two tablets three times a day after/before food.饭前/饭后服，每日三次，每次两粒. 71.Take the medicine with a lot of water.服用此药，要多饮水. 72.Ill give you an injection twice a day.我要给您注射,每日两次. 73.This medicine is used for preventing infection/treating infection/relieving your pain/protecting your stomach/supplying nutrients/ bringing down your temperature/ intracranial pressure/stopping bleeding/ 这种药是为了预防感染/治疗感染/减轻疼痛/保护您的胃/提供营养/降低体温/降低颅内压/停止出血 74.You should have a low fat/ low salt/ light diet/high caloric diet/high protein/soft diet/liquid food.您的进食应该是低脂/低盐/轻淡/高热量/高蛋白/软食/流食的食物 75.Please take some more nourishing food.请食营养多的食物. 1 What can do for you？你有什么事？ 2May I help you？我能帮你什么忙？ 3Please take a seat！ please sit down！请坐下 4Wait a moment, please请等一等 5Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你久等了 6It is not serious病情不严重 7Dont worry There is nothing to worry about. 不必顾虑。 8You need a thorough examination你需要做一个全面检查 9You will have to stay in hospital for several days你需要在医院里住几天 We think that you had better be hospitalized 我们认为你最好住进医院来。 10 You should stay in bed for a few days. 你需要卧床几天 11 You can keep on working You can carry on with your work. 可以继续工作。12 You should be very careful for a week or two 这一两周内，你需要很注意。 13. Try to relax and keep calm尽量放松保持镇静。 14 Youll soon be all right你很快就会好起来的 15 1m sure this medicine will help you a great deal这药对你肯定会很有效的 16 Feeling well again is a rather slow process，Im afraid. 恐怕痊愈将是一个很慢的过程 17 You will have to wait for twenty minutes你需要等20分钟 18Complete recovery will take a rather long time彻底恢复需要一段很长的时间。19 You will have to come here for periodical check-ups你需要定期来门诊检查 20 If you feel worse， please come back to the clinic right away. 要是你觉着病加重了，就请马上来门诊。 21If you feel worried, dont hesitate to go to the clinic anytime, day or night. 你要觉着难受，无论白天黑夜都赶紧上医院看去 22Ill come right away. 我马上就来 23Im going to make arrangements for your admission我去给你安排住院 24Please come with your interpreter next time下次请带翻译来。 25 Do you understand what Im saying？你明白我的话吗？ 26.Is there anything else you would like me to explain to you？你看在哪些方面还需要解释呢？ 27. Shall I explain it again? 需等我海解释一遍吗？ 28If the trouble persists come back again要是情况还不见好，就请你再来门诊吧。 29 There doesnt seem to be anything serious， but we11 take an x-ray just to be certain不象有什么严重情况，但还是要拍张x线片肯定一下。 30 Please wait until we get the result of the x-ray (blood test）请等一下，我们需要看一下X线片（验血）的结果。 31 Its difficult to say just now exactly whats wrong. 现在还不好说是什么问题。 32 This is quite common among people of your age在您这样岁数人当中，这可太寻常了 This often happens to people of your age. 这种情况经常发生在你这样岁数的人 This often occurs at your age这就经常出在你这种岁数上。 33. This kind of illness usually occurs among people whose work requires a lot of concentration（who undergo a lot of stress）这种病通常发生在工作要求精神高度集中的（精神紧张的）人们当中。 34I suggest you do some light exercises. 我建议你做些轻微的锻炼。 I suggest you have a course of acupuncture. 我自颇胞一个疗程的针灸 I suggest that you get physiotherapy treatment. 我建议你作理疗。 I suggest that you take Chinese herbs. 我建议你吃中药。 35I would like to transfer you to the gynecology (surgery,dermatology, urology department。我要将你转到妇科（外科、皮科、泌尿科）去. 36 Your WBC（RBC， hemoglobin，urine stool,sputum） should be checked你的白细胞（红细胞，血红蛋白，尿，大便，痰）需要检查一下 37 A smear should be taken需要做个涂片. A culture should be done. 需要做个培养。 38 Please dont eat anything tomorrow morning before blood test明早查血以前不要吃东西。 39 Please wait for the result of your hemoglobin test请等一下你的血红蛋白化验结果 40 Whats your trouble？你哪里觉着不好？ 41 How long have you been feeling unwell？你不舒服多久了。 42 What medicine did you take? 你吃的是什么药？ 43Have you taken any medicine？你吃过什么药吗？44Did you take your temperature？你试过体温吗?45Do you smoke （drink)? 你吸烟（喝酒）吗？ 46 Have you any temperature (a cough， a bed headach)? 你发烧（咳嗽，剧烈的头痛）吗？ 47Have your ever had jaundice (low grade fever，any chronic ailments, cold sweats at night, attacks of asthma)? 你有过黄疸（发低烧，任何慢性病，夜间出冷汗，哮喘发作）吗? 48Do you suffer from heartburn stomachaches (loose bowel movements, chest pains)? 你的胃有过烧心感（稀便，胸痛）吗？ 49 Do your want to have your tooth extracted （tooth filled， dressing changed，blood pressure checked？你要拔牙（补牙，换药，量血压）吗？ 50Let me examine you please我给你检查一下 51Please take off your shoes and lie down请脱鞋，躺下 52，Please unbutton your shirt and loosen your belt请解开上衣的扣子，松开腰带 53Please take off you