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1. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的2. Memorize v. 记忆，背诵3. pronunciationn. 发音4. flashcard n.认卡5. solution n. 解决办法6. not at all 根本（不） 全然（不）7. end up 结束，告终8. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）9. take notes 做笔记，做记录10.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做乐意做【知识点讲解】1.如何表达选择适合自己的学习方法呢？从（注意要给出原因，练习使用because）I (dont) think I can study English by , because （1）I think I can study English by watching English movies because I like watching English movies. 我认为我可以通过英语电影来来学英语，因为我喜欢看电影。（2）I dont think I can get an English tutor because I want to learn by myself at home. 我不想上英语辅导，因为我想在家自学 （3）I think surfing the internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer and always waste your time. 我认为沉溺于网络是不好的，因为你不得不去使用电脑和浪费你的时间2.【语法知识聚焦】 By是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种：（1）意为“在旁”、“靠近”。如：有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。 Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. （2）意为“不迟于”、“到时为止”。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？ （3）表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boys father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 （4）表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。（5）表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如： What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? （6）和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 （7）用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”） （8）组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如： By the way , wheres Li Ping , do you know? 顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？ 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如：I cant leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1）作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语 （ 请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？） Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 3）作表语 （保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。） Babysisters job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。Unit 2 I used to be afraid of dark.一. 重点词和短语：1. used to 过去常常2. be afraid ofbe terrified of 害怕3. a couple of days 两天4. look different 看起来不同look the same 看起来一样5. wear glasses/contact lenses 戴眼镜/隐型眼镜6. have a great memory 记性很好7. have long/straight/curly hair 留着发型8. be interested in take an interest in 对感兴趣9. on the swim team 在游泳队10. People sure change. 人是会变的。11. be/live alone 独处/单独居住 feel lonely 觉得孤独12. speak in front of a group 在众人面前讲话13. go to sleep with the light on 开着灯睡觉14. worry about sth./ sb.be worried about sth./sb. 担心15. study all the time 一直学习16. go right home 直接回家17. spend time （in）doing sth. 花时间做某事18. no longernot. . . any longer 不再（延续性） no morenotany more 不再（短暂性）19. chat with sb. 与聊天20. take sb. to a concert 带某人去音乐会21. hardly ever 几乎不22. miss the old days 怀念/想念过去的那些日子23. in the last few years 近几年24. daily life 日常生活25. make sb. stressed out 使某人精疲力尽26. a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩27. problem child 问题少年28. afford sth./to do sth. 负担得起He couldnt afford to pay for his childs education. 29. asas 与一样as well as 与一样好，也as well as she could 尽她全力30. get into trouble with the police 与警察发生冲突31. be patient with sb. 对有耐心32. in the end 最后33. make a decision on sth./doing sth. 决定做某事make up ones mind to do sth.decide to do sth.34. send sb. to地点 送某人去某地35. cause a lot of trouble （for sb. ） 引起很多麻烦36. leave the school 退学37. waste ones time 浪费时间38. to ones surprise 使某人吃惊be surprised at sth. 吃惊于To my surprise, a phone call changed his life. 39. feel good about himself 很有自信40. head teacher 班主任41. Its necessary to do sth. 必须做某事42. even thougheven if （让步状语从句） 即使Even though he is eighty, he looks young and healthy. 43. take pride infeel/be proud of 为而自豪I take pride in being a Chinese. I am/feel proud of being a Chinese. 44. give up 放弃 Dont give up. 不要放弃。二. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释：1. Over here! Dont you remember me? （P11）过来！你不记得我了吗？（1）over here相当于come over here，意为“过来”。（2）remember的反义词是forget，两者用法相同，后面可跟名词，动名词或动词不定式。remember/forget doing sth.表示“记得/忘记做过某事”，强调事情已经做了。I remember posting your letter. 我记得替你寄过信了。They forget locking the door. 他们忘记锁过门了。remember/forget to do sth.表示“记得/忘记去做某事”，强调事情还未做。I remember to post your letter. 我记得替你寄信。They forget to lock the door. 他们忘了锁门。2. Wow! People sure change. （P11）哇！人确实是会变的。句中的sure用作副词，意为“确实”，“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型：表示“可以”，“当然”，“没问题”，常用来答应他人的请求，相当于 Yes. / OK. /Great. /Certainly. /Of course. Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗？Sure. /Of course. 当然。Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗？Sure. /Certainly. 好啊。be sure about/of意为“确信，对有把握”，后接名词，代词或v-ing形式，表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断，主语必须是人。Im sure of passing the examination. 我相信我会通过考试。He lives in this building but Im not sure about the room number. 他住在这栋楼里，但是房间号码我不太清楚。be sure to意为“一定”，“肯定”，后接不定式，往往表示局外人的推测、评论，主语不一定是人。Its sure to rain tomorrow. 明天一定会下雨。She is sure to understand much more than before. 她一定比以前懂得更多了。试比较下面两句：The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety. 这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety. 这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。be sure to 用于祈使句时，是“务必”，“一定”的意思。Be sure to review the text after class. 课后务必复习课文。Be sure to come tomorrow，everyone. 大家明天一定要来。be sure接that从句时，意为“认为一定会”，主语必须是人，连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether, where, when或who等引导的名词性从句，这时主句通常是否定形式。Im not sure whether I can come tomorrow. 我明天是否能来还说不准。Im sure that I can run faster than you. 我确信我比你跑得快。3. Im terrified of the dark. （P12）我十分怕黑。terrified为形容词，意为“受惊吓的，恐惧的”，表示“害怕, 恐惧”，固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。Im terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家里。特别提示terrified的动词形式为terrify，表示“使害怕”，“使恐惧”。There are several persons terrifying the little boy. 有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。4. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。（1）with my bedroom light on为介词短语，在句中用作状语，表示伴随情况。He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。知识拓展“with名词介词短语”结构也可用作状语，表示伴随情况。The teacher came in with a book under his arm. 老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back. 那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿，穿过了街道。（2）on在此处是形容词，意为“开着的，接通的”，常见的结构有：be/turn on。Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗？No. Its off. 不，关着呢。Turn on the radio, please. Ill listen to the weather report. 请打开收音机，我要听天气预报。5. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just dont have the time anymore. （P14）在上高中之前，我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏，但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。（1）high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”，常指高中。（2）本句中的spend意为“花费”，常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事，主语通常为人，常见的句子结构有两种：sb. spends some money/time on sth.She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。sb. spends some money/time in doing sth.，其中介词in可以省略。They spent two hours （in）looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。知识链接take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”：take意为“花费”，常用形式主语it，真正的主语是动词不定式，常见的句子结构有：“It takes （took）时间/金钱动词不定式”（表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”）和“It takessb.时间/金钱动词不定式”（“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”）。Itll take only ten minutes to walk to the supermarket. 只要十分钟，就可以走到那家超市。It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship. 乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。pay的基本意思是“支付”，主语是表示人的名词或代词，常与for连用。How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的？cost也可作“花费”解，其主语是“物”或“事”，常用于sth. costs （sb.）some money结构。The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。（3）not. . . any more意为“不再”，相当于no more，一般用来表示动作或行为的不再发生或重复。They dont use animals to do farm work any more. 他们不再使用牲畜做农活了。6. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. （P14）现在，我根本没有时间去听音乐会。（1）本句中的these days意为“现在，目前，如今”，相当于nowadays, at present。We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我们不再贫穷了。They still remember that old saying these days. 现在他们仍然记得那句古谚语。（2）hardly用作副词，意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not，本身含有否定之意，修饰名词时，常和a或any连用。Im so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了，简直不能再走下去了。There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有一丝云彩。魔力纠错 他简直不知道说什么好，是吗？误：He hardly knows what to say, doesnt he?正：He hardly knows what to say, does he?魔力解析hardly本身含有否定意义，构成反意疑问句时，后半部分要用肯定形式。类似的词有few, little, never, none, nobody, nothing等。特别提示hardly不是hard的副词形式，两者是完全不相关的两个词。7. Now, I dont mind them. （P14）现在我不介意它们了。动词mind的基本含义是“介意，反对”，后面接名词或动名词。He doesnt mind closing the window. 他不介意关上窗户。知识拓展Would you mind doing. . . ?句型常用来向别人提出请求，对方如果表示介意，就说“Yes”；如果表示不介意、不反对，应说“No, not at all. /No, of course not. ”。 Would you mind telling me how to remember English words?你介意告诉我如何记英语单词吗？No, not at all. 不，不介意。特别提示mind还可用作名词，表示“思想，主意”。What do you make up your mind to be when you grow up?你长大以后立志要做什么？短语链接never mind不要紧，不介意；keep in mind记住；make up ones mind下决心，下决定；set up ones mind to do sth.立志做某事; change ones mind改变主意。8. I really miss the old days. miss在这里为“怀念”的意思。How he misses his mother while she is away in London!他妈妈在伦敦期间，他多么想念她啊！此外miss还有“缺”的意思。Im afraid that Jim will miss a lot of his lessons. 恐怕Jim会缺很多课。错过I missed catching the 2：15 train. 我未赶上2点15分的火车。missing 失去的，缺少的，不在的，失踪的。They are looking for the missing child. 他们在寻找失踪的孩子。9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. （P15）俞梅似乎变化很大。动词seem是“看起来像”，“似乎”的意思，其常用的句型有：It seemsthat 从句It seems that he would never be able to work out the question. 看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。seem形容词Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。seem动词不定式Li Fang seems to know everything. 李芳好像什么都知道。特别提示“It seemsthat 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词seems动词不定式短语”这一简单句型，如果动词不定式短语是“to be形容词”，to be可以被省略。It seems that his temperature is all right. His temperature seems （to be）all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。It seems that she doesnt get on well with her classmates. She doesnt seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处得不好。10. However, after his fathers death a few years ago, Martins life became much more difficult. （P16）然而，几年以前，在他父亲死后，马丁的生活变得更困难了。下列句中的dead意为“死的”，是形容词，表示“死的，无生命的”，常与be动词连用，指死的状态。He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever. 他虽然死了，但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。特别提示die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。die意为“死亡，断气”，是终止性动词，指生命的结束，强调动作。His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。dying是die的现在分词，通常作形容词使用，是“要死的”，“垂危的”，“濒临死亡的”的意思。This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。death是die的名词，意为“死亡”。It makes me very sad when I think of my little dogs death. 当我想起我小狗的死亡时，我很难过。11. . . . but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. （P16）但是，令他惊奇的是，这次通话改变了他的人生。本句中的to ones surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”，常常置于句首。其中to是“致使”的意思，后面接表示情感的名词，指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是，他考试不及格。To everyones surprise, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是，金先生拒绝了。类似短语to ones joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴惊恐满意的是”。特别提示in surprise意为“惊奇地”。The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。“How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise. “你是怎么知道这件事的？”我吃惊地问。12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. （P16）她也告诉我，尽管我父亲不再和我们在一起了，他还是在关注着我们，并对我所做的一切好的事情感到骄傲。（1）even though意为“即使，纵然，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，可以与even if替换。He wont tell me about it even though （even if）he knows the news. 即使他知道这个消息，他也不会告诉我。Even though （Even if）you arent lifting anything, your muscle gets tired. 即使没有举着什么东西，你的肌肉也会感到疲劳。（2）本句中的no longer可以与not. . . any longer替换，主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”，意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较，故多用于现在时。You are no longer a child. （You arent a child any longer. ）你已不再是个孩子了。特别提示no longer一般修饰延续性动词，表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。He no longer lives here. （He doesnt live here any longer. ）他不再住在这里了。no more相当于not. . . any more，主要用来表示数量和程度，常常修饰短暂性动词，表示某动作不再重复发生。The baby no more cried. （The baby didnt cry any more. ）这个小孩不再哭了。He is no more a student. （He isnt a student any more. ）他不再是个学生了。（3）take pride in意为“对感到自豪”，往往强调一时的行为，动作性较强。其中in是介词，后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。The young man took pride in his work. 这年轻人以他的工作而自豪。特别提示该短语中的pride是抽象名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。13. and didnt give up trying to help him （P17）没有放弃努力帮他本句中的give up意为“放弃，停止”，相当于stop doing sth.,其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。Dont give up halfway. 不要半途而废。You mustnt give up studying foreign languages for even a day. 你一定不能放弃学习外语，哪怕是一天也不行。give up还可以表示“认输，投降”。I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。告诉我答案吧。五、语法：本单元语法重点内容是used to这个句型。 1. “主语used to动词原形其它”。在这个句型结构中used to的含义为“过去常常”。表示过去的习惯，暗示现在已无此习惯， Dave在过去几年中一直在factory中工作，但现在他在supermarket中工作，所以Dave used to work in a factory. 隐含的意思是：Dave worked in a factory before but he doesnt work there now. 2. 我们可以说I used to work/She used to have/They used to be等等，也就是说used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。 When I was a child, I used to like chocolate. I used to read a lot of books but I dont read much these days. Liz has got short hair now but it used to be very long. Liz现在梳短发，但以前她是长发。 Ann used to have a piano, but she sold it a few years ago. Ann过去有一架钢琴，但几年前她把钢琴卖了。 used to的否定形式是I didnt use to. When I was a child, I didnt use to like tomatoes. 当我还是个孩子时，我不喜欢西红柿。 问句形式是Did you use to? Where did you use to live before you came here? 在你来这儿之前你住哪儿？词语辨析used to do、be used to doing 、be used to do 和 be used for sth./doing . be used to （ doing ）sth.是“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。如： I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。He will be used to getting up early. 他将会习惯于早起。get（或become）used to指的是从不习惯到习惯这一过程的转变，另外，它往往包含着克服困难去适应的意思。如：You will soon get used to the weather here. 你会习惯这里的天气的。 In the end, I got used to doing the hard work. 最后，我终于习惯干苦活了。 be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的。 Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。 be used for n. / v-ing 意思是“用于，用作”，介词for表示用处。 The pen is used for writing. 钢笔是用来写字的。
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