定语从句关系代词与关系副词的区别学案.doc

个性化学案定语从句关系代词与关系副词的区别适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域通用课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点定语从句教学目标知识目标：1、定语从句中关系词的区别；2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；3、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；4、定语从句和同位语从句的区别；能力目标：能够选择正确的关系词。教学重点1. 定语从句关系词的选用；2. 只能that或which的情况；教学难点1. which和as的区别； 2. whose 用法及转换形式；3. 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语)；4. 定语从句中的特殊情况。教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课留的作业，进行评价并讲解。二、知识讲解1、功能：相当于_，修饰_或_，在句中作_。2、位置：定语从句置于_。Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：_的词称为先行词。（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由_而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是_的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：_, _, _, _, _, _。关系副词：_,_,_。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找_，看_指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中_。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被_ _ 被_、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为_、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有_又有_时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词_时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情况 （1）在_中 （2）在关系词前有_时 （3）当先行词本身是_时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 9、whose作关系词既指_又指_，在从句中作_。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 （1）先行词被_和_修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“_”。位置上：as 从句可置_，也可在_。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指_ = in / at / on / during whichwhere指_ = in / at / from / whichwhy指_ = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用_作关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必须注意的问题 （1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。 （2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.( _) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（_） （3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that_。有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that_，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated. _) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.( _) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。 （5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。 （6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 （7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who_ got very good marks in the match.（句中_为先行词）He is one of the students who _ got good marks in the match.（句中_为先行词） Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.考点/易错点1先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样作先行词。考点/易错点2关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。考点/易错点3确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。考点/易错点4关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?考点/易错点5用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时考点/易错点6用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.考点/易错点7注意区别定语从句与强调句。 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）考点/易错点8定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)三、例题精析【例题1】The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where【答案】【解析】【例题2】_ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What【答案】【解析】【例题3】After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when【答案】【解析】四、课堂运用【基础】1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what【答案】【解析】2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time【答案】【解析】3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】【解析】4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which【答案】【解析】【巩固】1. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. whichC. when D. in which 【答案】【解析】 2. I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why B. whichC. as D. where【答案】【解析】3. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name【答案】【解析】【拔高】1_is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What【答案】【解析】2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. asC. about which D. with whom【答案】【解析】 3Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. whereC. what D. which【答案】【解析】 课程小结知识：1、定语从句中关系词的区别；2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句；3、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；4、定语从句和同位语从句的区别；5、定语从句的分割现象等。方法：确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。（3）关系词的区别及具体关系词的选用。课后作业【基础】1. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 2. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose3. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 4. What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 5. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that【巩固】6. Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings. A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where7. All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which9. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.A.most of themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that10. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whomB.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which【拔高】11. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from theoutside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 12. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctorarrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As13. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in todaysnewspaper.A. that B. which C. who D. what14.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.A them B. that C. which D. whom15.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where