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Unit1重点知识讲解及练习 Word Click afraid 【例句】I was also afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me. 【点击】afraid adj.害怕的；犯愁的。在例句中的用法为：be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事。【拓展】afraid只能做表语。例如：Dont be afraid. Your mother is going to be back soon. be afraid of sb. / sth.意为“害怕某人 / 某物”。例：My daughter is a little afraid of me. I am afraid that（从句）意为“恐怕”。 例如：Im afraid (that) he is ill.1. Is it going to rain?Yes, Im afraid so.2. Shall we play football here? Im afraid not.【跟踪练习】请根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词（含缩写）。1. 我恐怕不能和你一起去。 _ _ I cant go with you.2. 汤姆有点儿怕他的父亲。Tom is a little _ _ his father.3. 她姐姐害怕独自一人待在家里。Her sister is afraid _ _ at home alone.4. 他会来吗？恐怕不会。Is he coming? _ _ _. unless 【例句】And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy. (P8)【点击】unless conj. 如果不；除非。在句中引导条件状语从句，相当于if.not，引导的从句常用一般现在时态表示将来意义。例：1. I wont let you in unless you show me your pass. = I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass.【练习】( )5. I wont go unless it _ fine tomorrow. A. be B. isC. will be ( ) 6. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. A. untilB. andC. or D. unless end up 【点击】end up终止；结束。其后可接v-ing形式，即end up doing sth. 意为“最终还是做了某事”。例如：Every time she tried to argue with her husband, she ended up crying.【拓展】end up with.意为“以结束”。例如：The teacher ended up the class with a story. 【跟踪练习】7. The foreigners ended up _ (to sing, singing) a Chinese song.8. They ended up the meal _ (with, of) some fruit. 9. join 意为“加入某一种组织，成为其中一员（become a member of）”。join 后面还可接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的活动中去。join in 表示“加入”，“参与”某种活动，in 之后可接名词或动名词。表示“参加某人的活动”可以说 join sb,in(doing)sth.。take part in 表示“参加某种活动”，与 join in 同义，一般可以互相替换，但“参加会议”多用 take part in。Text & Test中考英语试题中的许多考点，在我们所学的课文中都有体现，现在我们就一起来看看。1. Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English?考例为什么不去扬州博物馆呢？那儿有那么多有趣的东西可看。_ go to Yangzhou Museum? Youll have so many interesting things to see there.答案解析 Why dont you 或Why not。Why dont you或Why not后接动词原形，用来表示说话人的建议和劝说。类似用法句型还有“What / How about.?”、“Lets.”、“Shall we等。考例 他每天练习说英语。_.答案和解析 He practices speaking English every day。practice doing sth. 是固定用法，意为“练习做某事”，此处 practice 为动词。2. Lets face the challenges instead.考例I wont go there with you. Ill stay here _ (代替)。 答案和解析 instead。 instead是副词，意为“代替”、“而是”、“相反”等，只能单独使用，可放句首，也可放句末。而 instead of 是介词，后接名词、代词、v-ing形式或介词短语。3. I dont know how to use commas.考例My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.Lets read the instructions. A. what to use B. which one to use C. how to use it 答案和解析 C。动词不定式和疑问词连用常作know、wonder、show、tell、teach、explain、consider、guess等动词的宾语。4. They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes, or think the rules are too strict.例Im really busy because I have _ homework to do at the moment. （太多）5.one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 6.It is +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.7. sb find It is(要省略)+形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth 某人发觉做某事I find it difficult (for me ) to study English. It was raining hard. 8.however与but 二者都意为“可是，但是”；but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句， but之后一般不使用逗号I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time. however在位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。1. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话2. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?3. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 同义句：so+ adj./adv.+that从句 not+ adj./adv.+enough+ to do sth. 4. be / get excited about sth. = be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth.对感兴奋 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing. V. (形容词)+ ing adj.形容词,用来修饰事物。An exciting news. 相同用法的还有：surprisesurprising interestinteresting frustratefrustrating等。 V. (形容词)+ ed - adj.形容词,用来修饰人物。 The students heard the exciting news. They got excited. 相同用法的还有：surprisesurprised interestinterested 等。5. also 也、而且（用于肯定句中）。either 也（用于否定句末尾）too 也 (用于肯定句末6. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!7. take notes 做笔记，做记录 16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成 8. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself =have a good time 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。9. practice doing 练习做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。10 decide to do sth. 决定做某事如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing .李雷已经决定去北京。11. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.12. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 13. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。14 see sb. / sth. Doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do sth看见某人做完某事 如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 15. each other 彼此 We should help each other.16. regard as 把看作为 The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。17. too many许多修饰可数名词too much许多 修饰不可数名词much too太 修饰形容词 18. changeinto将变为如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 19. with the help of sb. =with ones help 在某人的帮助下 如with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷20. compare to 把与相比如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.聚焦by+v-ing结构by+v-ing结构是本单元的语法“主角”。你对它了解吗？下面就让我们把焦点对准这一结构，给它做个透视吧！例句1. He makes a living by teaching. 2. He succeeded by working hard. 3 How does she learn English? By reading aloud.结论 by+v-ing结构在句子中做方式状语，该结构表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。_在以上句子中表示方法、手段、方式等，有“通过/借助/用(某种方法或手段)”等含义。对它引导的介词短语(表方法或手段)提问时，用疑问词_。Key: by; how 运用完成句子。 1. I learn new words _(通过看英语杂志).2. Do you improve your English _(通过加入英语俱乐部)?3. How do you review your English?_(靠读英语课文).拓展by还可与bus、train、plane、bike等名词连用，表示交通手段。此时它与名词之间不用任何限定词。 例如：Every day he goes there by train. 他每天坐火车去那里。by、in和with的区别 by、with和in都可以表示方式，但用法不同。by表示“以的方式、方法、手段”，后接表示动作、行为的名词。例如：You may send the book by post. 你可以邮寄这本书。in通常表示“用某种语言”、“用某种工具、材料”等。例如：The teacher asked you to say it in English. 老师让你用英语把它表述出来。with表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。例如：We work with our hands. ( )4. He learns French _keeping a French notebook . A. in B. withC. by ( )5. We often go to school _ bike. A. byB. withC. inD. to( )6. Can you sing the song _ English? ( )7. We see _ our eyes. A.inB. with（2）意为“不迟于”、“到时为止”。如：Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 （3）用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”） （4）组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如： By the way , wheres Li Ping , do you know? 顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？ （5) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如：I cant leave her by herself. 我不能把他单独留下。36.however与but二者都意为“可是，但是”；but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。but之后一般不使用逗号。I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。 however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。however在位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。37. join/join in/take part injoin 意为“加入某一种组织，成为其中一员（become a member of）”。join 后面还可接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的活动中去。如：My uncle joined the Party in 1978.我叔叔是1978年入党的。We are going for a swim.Will you come and join us?我们要去游泳，你来同我们一起去好吗？join in 表示“加入”，“参与”某种活动，in 之后可接名词或动名词。表示“参加某人的活动”可以说 join sb,in(doing)sth.。如：he joined them in the work.他同他们一起工作。 Will you join us in playing basketball?你跟我们一起打篮球好吗？ take part in 表示“参加某种活动”，与 join in 同义，一般可以互相替换，但“参加会议”多用 take part in。如：The teacher took part in(或 joined in) our discussion yesterday.昨天老师参加了我们的讨论。When will you take part in the meeting?你将什么时候参加会议？38.have trouble doing sth.表示“做某事有困难。”eg: I had trouble climbing the mountain.6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。（1）aloud是adv,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.
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