Unit-14-教学参考

Audio-visual-oral English for Contemporary MedicineHealth Promotion 当代医学英语视听说教程Unit 14 Bone HealthSection A Pre-audio-visual TasksTask 1 Glossary PreviewGet familiar with the words and expressions listed below, and then complete each of the following sentences with a proper word from the list.porous adj.osteopenia n. identification n.density n.childbearing n.bisphosphonates n.Fosamax Actonel Boniva parathyroid hormone fracture n.hairline fracture comminuted fracture bowing fracture greenstick fracture compound fracture lightheaded adj.dizzy adj.life-threatening adj.metal platecast n.splint n.screen v.initial adj.Medicare n.menopause n.reiterate v.hammer into critical adj.allowance n.autoimmune adj.inconclusive adj.contradictory adj.deficient adj.mega-dose n.prominent adj.appropriate adj.kidney stone 多孔的，漏洞多的骨质减少鉴定，识别密度，浓度生育，分娩双膦酸盐类药物阿仑膦酸钠片碳酸钙伊班膦酸钠片甲状旁腺素骨折，破裂骨裂粉碎性骨折弓形骨折绿枝性骨折复合骨折头昏眼花的使人眩晕的，引起头晕的威胁生命的金属固定板固定用敷料，石膏夹板筛查最初的，开始的老年保健医疗更年期，绝经期重申反复灌输关键的，决定性的限额，折扣自体免疫的不确定的，不能使人信服的矛盾的不足的，缺乏的大剂量著名的，杰出的，突出的适当的，恰当的肾结石1. Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which a persons immune system attacks the bodys own cells, causing tissue destruction.2. A fracture usually results from traumatic injury to a bone, causing the continuity of bone tissues or bony cartilage to be disrupted or broken.3. The government should be playing a more prominent role in health promotion.4. I keep getting contradictory advice - some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.5. If he doesnt eat something at lunchtime he will start to feel lightheaded by mid-afternoon.6. Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.7. A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.8. A life-threatening disease is a very serious one that can cause death.9. Identification of osteoporosis and osteopenia is made by measuring the mineral density of a persons bones.10. Doctors urge more older women to be screened for osteoporosis.11. A bone density test done on older women measures the risk of getting osteoporosis.12. The medical tests were inconclusive, and will need to be repeated.13. The baggage allowance for most flights is 20 kilos.14. The survey is only concerned with women of childbearing age.15. Modern scientific techniques have made it possible for a woman past menopause to have a baby.Task 2 Pair-work Discussion Write down three questions you find interesting to explore on the topic “Bone Health”. The first two questions are given as a prompt. Discuss briefly each of them with your deskmates.1. What major functions do our bones have?2. What risk factors affect bone health?3. _4. _5. _Section B Audio-visual TasksTask 3 Spot Dictation Listen to a passage three times and while listening, you are to put the missing word in each numbered blank according to what you hear. The word osteoporosis means porous bones, or bones that are not (1) solid enough. The disease harms bones by removing calcium and other (2) minerals from tissue. The National Osteoporosis Foundation says eight of every ten osteoporosis patients are women. Before people (3) develop osteoporosis, they have a condition called osteopenia. Treatment can (4) prevent this condition from becoming osteoporosis. Doctors agree that the best way to deal with osteopenia or osteoporosis is to find and treat it before the disease (5) progresses. Bone damage need not be permanent. Drugs can help replace lost bone.(6) Identification of osteoporosis and osteopenia is made by measuring the mineral density of a persons bones. In this case, density means the (7) strength of the bones.Differences in bone mineral density among body parts are most often found in women who recently ended their (8) childbearing years. The density may be normal at one place but low at another. Bone mineral density in the (9) spine decreases first. A womans bone mineral density becomes about the same in all parts of her body after she is 70 years old.Doctors who treat osteoporosis patients say physical exercise can help the bones. For active people, (10) lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis. Americas Mayo Clinic medical centers say bisphosphonates are the most popular. Fosamax, Actonel and Boniva are (11) products of this family of drugs. The Mayo Clinic advises that these drugs are very effective and appear safe for most people if taken as (12) directed. Task 4 Short Answer Questions Listen to a passage “Fracture” twice. While listening, you are to give an answer as short as possible to each of the questions below.1. What kind of fracture is it when a bone is broken in more than two places? A comminuted fracture.2. What kind of fracture is it when the bone breaks the skin?An open or compound fracture.3. What happens to people if they are seriously injured?People can go into shock.4. Why should broken bones be treated quickly?They can restrict blood flow or cause nerve damage.5. Why in some cases is a splint, instead of casts, put around the area of the break? To restrict movement.Task 5 Sentence Dictation Listen to each sentence, repeat it aloud, listen to it again, and then write down the whole sentence on the space provided. You will listen to each sentence for a third time to have a check.1. Along with the bone damage there is a risk of infection in the open wound.2. While broken bones can be painful, they are generally not life-threatening. 3. People who are seriously injured can go into shock. They might feel cold, dizzy and unable to think clearly. 4. Broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or cause nerve damage.5. X-rays are taken to see the break. Treatment depends on the kind of fracture that is identified.Task 6 Recognizing Details Watch a video clip “Bone Density Test” twice and decide whether each of the statements below is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)._T_T_F_F_F_T_F_1. Osteoporosis is the hidden danger that millions of women face as they age.2. A bone density test measures the risk of getting osteoporosis.3. According to a new study, women with healthy bones need to be tested as often as they have been.4. Dr. Ethel Cyrus emphasizes the importance of getting a bone density test every year after the age of 65.5. The bone starts to thin after menopause around age 50 so it is worth the money to test most women at this age.6. A good thing to do for bone health is getting enough calcium.7. Frequent follow-up scans can be dangerous for women with thinning bones.Task 7 Overall Comprehension Watch a video clip “Bone Health and Calcium Supplements” twice and choose the best answer to each of the questions below.1. Which of the following statement is TRUE of a new report from the Institute of Medicine?A) It says women need more calcium to keep their bones healthy.B) It says much of what has been told about vitamin D is a myth.C) It has been hammered into many healthy womens heads.D) It says women need more vitamin D rather than calcium. 2. The report holds a surprise that _.A) calcium is added to everythingB) there is no debate over vitamin DC) both calcium and vitamin D are criticalD) many people dont need calcium supplements3. It is mentioned that vitamin D might lower the risk of the following EXCEPT _.A) heart disease B) various cancersC) respiratory diseases D) autoimmune disorders4. The panel found most people _.A) get vitamin D from supplementsB) worry they are vitamin D deficientC) get enough vitamin D from their dietD) need to take extra vitamin D supplement5. For some people, the studies about vitamin supplements are _. A) confusing B) convincingC) appropriate D) specific Key to Task 7 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. ASection C Follow-up Oral TasksTask 8 Listening & Interpretation Listen to the five sentences twice and interpret each into Chinese.1. The word osteoporosis means porous bones, or bones that are not solid enough. The disease harms bones by removing calcium and other minerals from tissue.2. Doctors agree that the best way to deal with osteopenia or osteoporosis is to find and treat it before the disease progresses.3. Identification of osteoporosis and osteopenia is made by measuring the mineral density of a persons bones. 4. Differences in bone mineral density among body parts are most often found in women who recently ended their childbearing years.5. Doctors who treat osteoporosis patients say physical exercise can help the bones. For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.骨质疏松这个词的意思是多孔的骨头，或骨骼不够坚实。这一疾病通过去除组织中的钙和其他矿物质危害骨骼。医生认为，处理骨质减少或骨质疏松症的最佳方式是在它发展之前得到发现和治疗。通过测量一个人骨骼的矿物质密度来鉴定骨质疏松症和骨质减少。身体部位之间的骨矿物质差异常见于最近结束生育期的妇女。对骨质疏松症患者治疗的医生说，体育锻炼可以帮助骨骼。对活动积极的人来说，举重或是打网球，慢跑和跳舞也很有帮助。 Task 9 Oral Presentation and Discussion The following questions are topics either for group discussion or for a two-minute oral presentation.1. What are two or three most interesting things you have learned from this unit?2. List as many factors as possible that may affect our bone health.3. What disease is osteoporosis? What are its risk factors?4. What are other bone diseases? How do they affect the sufferers quality of life?5. What advice can you offer to keep bones healthy?13