初中英语八种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容.doc

. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下這几种时态。 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句：have或has。 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 . 几种常見时态的相互轉换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相轉换，以下是几种常見的轉换形式： 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的轉换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间連用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的轉换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态轉换。请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的轉换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的轉换 “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday1. We _ here today. A. are all B. all are c. is all d. all is2. The map _ China is _ the wall _ our classroom. A. in, of, on B. of, on, in C. of, on, of D. of, of, on3. Whats eleven and twenty? It is _. A. thirty-one B. thirty one B. thirty-two d. thirty two 4. What colour is an orange? It is _.A. red B. orange C. white D. black5. _ do you like China? I think it is very beautiful. A. How B. What C. Where D. Which6. Is there any chicken on the plate? Yes, there is _ A. many B. any C. one D. some7. Please buy some food from the shop _. A. on your way to home B. to your way home C. on your way home D. at your way to home8. There _ milk in the glass. A. arent many B. arent much C. isnt many D. isnt much9. Why _ play with those boys? A. not B. no C. dont D. /10. Do you usually go to school _ foot? A. on B. in C. at D. by11. Mr Green _ supper now. He often _ supper at half past six. A. is having, have B. is having, has C. has, has D. have, have12. Zhang Ming is good _ Chinese. He often helps _ it. A. is, me with B. at, I with C. at, me with D. on, I in13. May she _ with you? A. come B. comes C. coming D. comes14. My father had a busy day _. A. the day before yesterday B. tomorrow C. next Saturday D. every day 15. Please show _ new picture book. A. he your B. his you C. him your D. him you16. _ will you stay there? A. How long B. What time C. How often D. When17. The Greens _ working in the garden now. A. am B. is C. are D. were18. Does he often _ his mother _ the room?A. help, cleans B. help, clean C. helps, cleaning D. helps, clean19. Must we finish our homework now? No, you _. You _ finish it after school. A. neednt , may B. mustnt, may C. cant can D. neednt, must20. Would you like _ to eat ? A. anything different B. different anything C. something different D. different something21. He can swim. _ . A. So I can B. So can I C. I so can D. Can I so22. Will there be a strong wind _ the north _ the Huanghe River ? A. to. of B. to. off C. at. of D. on, off23. Did it snow _ last night ? A. heavy B. heavily C Quick D. fast24. _ cold it is today！ A. How B. How a C. What D. What a25. Is this book different _ that one ? A. about B. at C. to D. from26. Its time for our lesson. Stop _. A. playing B. to play C. plays D. played27. Help yourself _ some fish. A. at B. too C. to D. on28. Here are some pictures _ . A. of him B. of he C. about him D. about his29. The book _ on the desk. A. no is longer B. no longer is C. is no longer D. no longer30. Then we _ around but _ nothing. A. looked, looked B. saw, looked C. saw, saw D. looked, saw 31. Zhang Lan is ill. Let me go to the meeting instead _. A. of she B. of her C. off she D. off he32. Which is the way _ the nearest hospital ? A. in B. too C. to D. at33. Nice _ to you ? A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. talks34. My parents _ want to go to the Monkey Island. A. all B. both C. every D. other35. Do you like football? -No, I have _ interest in it. A. a little B. a few C. little D. few36. Lucy runs much faster than _ in her class. A. any other girl B. any girl C. all girls D. every girl37. What has he _ the meat ? He has just cooked it. A. take care of B. catch up with C. done with D. paid for 38. Lily thinks foreign languages are as _ as science subjects. A. important B. most important C. more important D. importantest39. Would you please _ it again like that? A. not read B. not to read D. reads D. reading40. Ill phone you as soon as I _. A. get to home B. got to home C. get home D. got home41. You must keep your eyes _. A. closed B. close C. be closed D. to closed42. A farmer arrived _ a womens house. A. in B. at C. to D. for43. Kate says that she _ a message on the desk. A. will leave B. leave C. will give D . give44. He has two kites, one is big, _ is small. A. the other B. another C. other D. others45. Computers are the second most useful _ of the world. A. inventions B. inventors C. invention D. inventor46. On my way home I saw a dog _ on the ground. A. lying B. lies C. lied D. to lie47. There is little water in the glass, _ ? A. isnt there B. is it C. is there D. wasnt there.48. Two months _ quite long for me . I cant wait. A. is B. are C. were D. is going to be49. I dont know _ . A. where does Jim live B. where did Jim live C. where Jim lives D. where is Jim live 50. The boy was very interested _ English. A. at B. in C. to D. on51. -Excuse me, wheres the post office ? -Sorry, I dont know. -_ A. It doesnt matter B. All right C. Thank you all the same D. Dont worry52. Please give me a cup of coffee. A. Thank you B. Give you C. Here are you D. Here you are53. Mary doesnt like pork for dinner. I dont like it, _. A. neither B. too C. also D. either54. Lucy and Lily are twins . But they have _ differences. A. a few small B. small few C. a little small D. small a few55. Though he lives in the countryside, he never feels _. A. afraid of B. lonely C. sad D. sadly56. Japan and Germany are _ countries. A. developed B. developing C. develop D. to develop57. I _ my classmates while they often fight. A. got on well with B. gets on with C. get on well D. get on well with58. Mother asked _. A. were there any cheaper shoes B. there are some cheaper shoes C. if there were any cheaper shoes D. if there are any cheaper shoes59. Where _ cotton _? A. are, produced B. are, grown C. is, grown D. are made in60. This skirt is very nice. Try _, _ you? A. it on, will B. on it, shall C. on it, will D. it on, do .1. A。 all, both等副词常用在连系动词后或行为动词前。 2. C. “of”常用来表示“所有”关系，如：the door of the classroom, the people of China. 3. A. 注意格式。 4. B. orange, 桔子；桔色的。 5. A. “How do you like?”，“你认为怎么样？” 6. D. some可用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，常用在肯定句中。 7. C. “on ones way to”，“在去的路上”；“home”为副词，前面不用 “to”. 8. D. “much”，“许多”，修饰不可数名词。 9. A. “why not +动词原形”/ “Why dont you ”, “为什么不”。 10. A. 11. B. 区分不同时态的含义。 12. C. helpwith, be good at均为固定搭配。 13. A. 情态动词后用动词原形。 14. A. 注意时态与时间状语的搭配。 15. C. “请把你的画册拿给他看”。人称代词做宾语用宾格形式。 16. A. 17. C. “the greens”，“格林一家”或“格林夫妇”。 18. B. “help sb. (to) do sth.”, “help sb. with sth.”，“帮某人做某事”。 19. A. neednt, “不必”，mustnt, “一定不能”。 20. C. (1)不定代词的修饰语用于不定代词后。(2)在表示请求等语气委婉的疑问句中，可用some, something等。 21. B. “他会游泳，我也会。”注意两句时态一样。 22. A. 23. B. 用副词修饰动词。 24. A. How引导感叹句，后用形容词或副词；what引导感叹句，后用名词。 25. D. 26. A. stop doing sth,“停止做某事”；stop to do sth, “停下来，做某事”。 27. C. “随便吃点鱼” 28. A. 29. C. 注意no longer的位置。 30. D. look, “看”；see,“看到”。 31. B. instead of, “代替”。 32. C.“the way to”, “去的路”。 33. B. 习惯用语。 34. B. all,“都(三个或更多)”；both, “都(两个)”。 35. C. a little, “一点”，little, “几乎没有”，都修饰不可数名词。Few，“几乎没有”，a few,“几个”，都修饰可数名词。 36. A. any在此句中为“任何一个”，故后用单数名词。 37. C. do with，“处理，处置”。 38. A. 39. A. “Would you please?”句中用动词原型，因有助动词would。Not放于动词前。 40. C. as soon as引导时间主语从句。在时间主语从句和条件主语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将要发生的动作，即不能使用将来时态。 41. A. closed为形容词，“闭着，合着”。Keep doing, 持续做。Keep + 形容词，“保持状态”。 42. B. arrive at，“到达(较小的地方)”；arrive in，“到达(较大的地方)”。此外，还可用get to, reach表示“到达”。 43. A. give a message to sb，“给某人捎信”；leave a message for sb，“给某人留下口信”。 44. A. 两各种的另一个或两部分中的另一部分，用the other表示，如：On the other side of the road, there are many trees. Other后如有复数名词，可简写为others. 45. C. invention，“发明”；inventor，“发明者”。 46. A. 47. C. little表否定含义。 48. A. 时间段和距离做主语，做单数对待。如：Five miles is a long distance for the old man. 49. C. 宾语从句应注意的三个问题：1)从句的时态与主句的时态之间不能有逻辑上的矛盾。2)从句用陈述句语序。3)注意使用正确的引导词。 50. B. 51. C. 52. C. 53. D. too, also，“也”，用于肯定句，either，“也”，用于否定句。 54. A. 55. B. feel lonely，“感到孤独”。Lonely为形容词。 56. A. 一些动词的分词形式常可用作形容词，如：interesting, interested, surprising, surprised等。 57. A. 此句中的while表示对比，“而”。 58. C. 参见49题。 59. C. grow，“种植”；produce，“生产(农产品，工业品)”；make，“制造”。 60. A. 祈使句中的反意疑问句中附加问句形式很多，常见的为 “will you”，可用于肯定句和否定句中。 1. It is _ outside. Lets put on our raincoats and go out, Tom. A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy 【解析】此题易误为A。因为这里有个put on短语，如果不注意raincoats这个词那就很可能草率地选择A。raincoats是“雨衣”的意思，而不是一般的衣服，那么不是因为外面“冷”，而是因为“下雨”才穿“雨衣”。正确答案为D。 2. _ do you _ about spring? The flowers and the green trees. A. How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或B或C。这是由于忽略语境造成的。由答语The flowers and the green trees. 可知，所问的是“你喜欢春天的什么?”而不是“你觉得春天怎么样?”。正确答案为D。 3. Whats your sister like? _. A. She is a worker B. She likes pears C. She is very thin D. She is like her father【解析】此题陷阱选项为B或D。有很多考生一看题干中的like一词就会想当然地选择B或D。其实，问句的意思是“你姐姐长得怎么样?”因此，正确答案为C。Whats like? 这个句型常常用来询问某人的长相或某事的情况(包括天气情况)。 4. Its too hot. Would you mind _ the door? _. Please do it now. A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。一方面是由于不了解mind的用法，另一方面的由于忽略造成的。mind后面接动词时要用其ing形式。由答语中的Please do it now. 可知“不介意”。正确答案为B。 5. If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. _. A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. thank you very much. C. I have no trouble D. I will think it over 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或D。由于受汉语思维的影响很容易选择A或D。其实，问句意为“如果你有麻烦，一定要打电话给我”，这是一个表示请求的句子，对于别人的请求要么拒绝要么接受，而不能含糊其辞。正确答案为C。 典型形容词和副词考题分析1. We should keep _ in the reading-room. A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D.quickly 【解析】此题容易误选A或B。选A是由于不细心，把quite当成是quiet，草率做题造成的；选B是由于把keep误认为是一般的实义动词，修饰实义动词当然得用副词。其实，这里的keep连系动词，后面要接形容词作表语。正确答案为C。 2. The light in the room wasnt _for me to read. A. enough bright B. brightly enough C. enough brightly D. bright enough 【解析】此题容易误选A或B。选A的人是受的汉语思维的影响，enough bright翻译过来正好是“足够明亮”的意思，其实这并不符合英语的习惯，在英语中当enough修饰形容词或副词时一定要后置；选B的人没有注意所缺的成分是表语，作表语时应该用形容词而不用副词。正确答案为D。 3. She is _of the two. A. the cleverest B. the cleverer C. the clever D. cleverest 【解析】此题容易误选A。这是由于思维定势引起的。因为最高级的比较范围往往用of短语引出，那么一些考生一看到of一词就毫不犹豫地选择了A项。其实，由这里的two可知，两者中的比较只能用比较级，而且指特定的两者中“较的那一个”时，比较级前往往要用定冠词the。因此正确答案为B。 4. How far is the factory from here? Its about 4 kilometres _. A. far B. long C. away D. near 【解析】此题容易误选A。这是由于受到汉语思维的影响，因为译成汉语正好是“大约4公里远”。其实，问距离时可以用How far is . ?，但是far不能与表示具体的距离连用，此时应该用away。因此，正确答案为C。 5. Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? No. I think we need _ men. A. another B. other two C. more two D. two more 【解析】此题容易误选A或B或C。选A的同学是由于草率做题造成的，因为这里空格后面是个复数名词，而不是单数可数名词，因此不能选A。选B或C的同学是由于汉语思维的影响引起的，汉语中说“另外两个”，但是英语中要说other two或two more，这与汉语的习惯不一样。正确答案为D。 其实，another后面也可以接一些表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词。如： If you give us another twenty minutes (= twenty more minutes), we will finish the work. 如果你再给我们二十分钟，我们就可以完成这项工作。 6. He is taller than _ girl in his class. A. any B. other C. any other D. another 【解析】此题容易误选C。这是由于思维定势引起的。平时大家都熟悉这样的句子China is larger than any other country in Asia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 于是than any other这个结构在同学们的头脑中已经根根深蒂固了。其实，到底要不要other, 关键是看主语是否也在比较的范围之内；如果在范围之内，就必须用other, 以此来避免与自身进行比较；如果不在范围之内，则不能用other, 因为没有必要把自身排除。这里主语he不属于girl in his class之列，不能用other, 因此正确为A。 7. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. the best B. a best C. the better D. a better 【解析】此题容易误选A。这是由于思维定势引起的，许多同学认为最高级前加了定冠词the肯定没错。其实，这是一个暗含比较级，它省略了一些我们很清楚的东西，句子的完整形式应为：I have never heard a better voice than her voice. 因此正确答案为D。 三道易错名词考题分析 1. _ fathers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anns B. Peters and Anns C. Peters and Ann D. Peter and Ann 【解析】此题容易误选A或C。错误的原因是由于受思维定势的影响。平时考生们做多了“This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. ”这样的题，那么一看到这样的题就想到只是在后面一个单词后面用所有格。其实，到底用一个所有格，还是用两个所有格，取决于它们所修饰的名词：如果所修饰的名词是单数可数名词，就只在后面一个名词后面用所有格；如果所修饰的名词是复数可数名词，就两个名词都用所有格。正确答案为B。 2. There are a lot _ people today than yesterday. A. of B. / C. most D. more 【解析】此题容易误选A。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名词”这一思维定势的影响，一看到a lot，就选择了A。其实，该句中的a lot是用来修饰形容词的比较级more的，than引导的是比较状语从句。正确答案为D。 3. “Excuse me, are you _? ” “No, we are _. ” A. American, Englishman B. American, Germans C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans 【解析】先从词性来看，American 和 German 既可以用作名词也可以用作形容词，用作名词时，其复数形式分别为Americans 和 Germans；选项中的Englishman只能用作名词，其复数形式是Englishmen。 先看第一空：如果单从Excuse me, are you _?来看，要是填Englishman，就应该在其前加不定冠词，即说成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是，根据答语中的 we are可知，问句中的you 其实是指“你”，而是指“你们”，所以如果用Englishman，就应换成 Englishmen 才对。由此可排除选项D。 再看第二空：由于German的复数是Germans，不是Germen，由此可确定C错误；再根据we are可知，其后若用名词Englishman，必须要用复数Englishmen，而不能是单数，所以排除A。 所以此题答数为B。