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Unit 4 Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot Dictation Stephen Powelsons Amazing MemoryWhen Stephen Powelson was nine, his school organized a (1) weekly contest in memorizing passages from the Bible. Stephen paid (2) no attention until he was chided* for (3) not competing. The next Sunday he surprised everyone by (4) reciting all the passages for the (5) entire year. As a teenager in prep school, Stephen took Greek. His teacher (6) assigned 21 lines of the Iliad* to be memorized (7) in a week. At the end of the hour - though he (8) insisted he paid full attention to the (9) lecture - Stephen knew all 21. He went on to memorize the first (10) 100 lines. In 1978, for the first time (11) since college, Powelson, now 60, had some (12) spare time. To keep his mind active, he reread the Iliad and (13) discovered that he still knew the first 100 lines (14) by heart. That someone could memorize so much between ages 60 and 70 is (15) astonishing to most people, who are (16) convinced that memory (17) worsens as we grow older. Powelsons method is to (18) read a book into his tape recorder, then read it several more times, making sure he understands (19) each word. Also, he says, I attempt to (20) visualize myself as part of the action. Part 2 Listening for Gist You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the skies is to photograph them. The process is very simple. First, a photographic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged, and published so that many people can study it.Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.1) This passage is about how to photograph astronomical objects.2) Photograph, coated, light-sensitive material, positioned, received, recorded, developed, enlarged, published, remote, feeble, telescope, camera, long exposuresSection Two Listening ComprehensionPart one DialogueTunisian Holiday Vocabularyamphitheatremosaiccoach n. 公共马车，普通旅客车厢resort n. 胜地，常去之地(Someone is enquiring about the Tunisian holiday.) Agent: Hello, Bath Travel. Client: Hello, Id like to find out more about your Tunisian holiday for amateur archaeologists. Ive read about it in the paper, but Id like to know more about what is involved. Agent: You mean youd like to know the itinerary? Client: Yes, thats right. Agent: All right. Just briefly, you arrive in Tunis at midday on the first day and go by coach to La Marsa. Then there is a short briefing by the archaeologist and then the rest of the day you are free to explore. The second day you get up before dawn and go to Carthage to see the sunrise. You have breakfast and a lecture there and then go by coach to Mansoura, where there are beautiful coves(小海湾). After lunch you can walk along the beach, to Kerkouane. The walk takes about four hours. Kerkouane is one of the most recent and most exciting sites. Then by coach to Kelibia, a fishing village, in time for sunset over the harbor. Client: That sounds rather a long walk. Agent: Well, its an easy walk. Flat all the way, and very pretty. But you can go by coach, if you prefer. The third day you spend in Hammamet on Cap Bon, and the day is free to enjoy the town. Its a lovely old town and resort. And the fourth day you take the coach to the ruin of EI Djem, which is a magnificent amphitheatre*. You have lunch in Sfax and then you take the ferry to the beautiful Kerkennah Islands. Client: Islands, you say? Agent: Yes, theyre very peaceful and you spend the fifth day there. The fishermen will take everyone out on their sailing boats and there will be a fishermens picnic. On the sixth day you visit the Great Mosque of Kairouan and have a picnic lunch. Then take the coach to the lovely port of Bizerte for the last night. And the final day there is a visit to the ancient Roman capital of Utica with its fantastic mosaics* and then a coach to Tunis International Airport. Client: Have you got a full brochure which gives more details? Exercise Directions: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following itinerary. Tunisian holiday for amateur archaeologistsDayActivitiesThe first day Arrive in Tunis at midday and go by coach to La Marsa. Then there is a short briefing by the archaeologist. The second dayGet up before dawn and go to Carthage to see the sunrise. You have breakfast and a lecture there and then go by coach to Mansoura, where there are beautiful coves. After lunch you can walk along the beach, to Kerkouane, which is one of the most recent and most exciting sites. Then by coach to Kelibia, a fishing village, in time for sunset over the harbor . The third day Spend in Hammamet on Cap Bon to enjoy the town. Its a lovely old town and resort. The fourth day and fifth dayTake the coach to the ruin of El Djem, which is a magnificent amphitheatre. Have lunch in Sfax and then take the ferry!. to the beautiful Kerkennah Islands. The fishermen will take everyone out on their sailing boats and there will be a fishermens picnic. The sixth dayVisit the Great Mosque of Kairouan and have a picnic lunch. Then take the coach to the lovely port of Bizerte for the last night. The final dayThere is a visit to the ancient Roman capital of Utica with its fantastic mosaics and then a coach to Tunis International Airport. Part 2 Passage Mexican Gray Wolf Exercise A Pre-listening Question The wolf is a large member of the canine(犬科的) family. Most of the adult grey wolves weigh in the vicinity of 75 to 125 pounds (34 to 56 kilograms). Wolves live in family groups called packs. A pack is usually made up of a male parent, a female parent, their pups and a few other adult wolves who are the older brothers and sisters. Wolves can run up to 40 miles an hour and can easily cover 50 miles a day. The wolf has developed the capacity to survive in the most inhospitable of climates. The wolves in the high arctic endure several winter months of perpetual darkness. Even in February when the sun returns to the north, temperatures of -40C and bitter winds are common. In the wild wolves can live up to 13 years or more; in a protected wolf park or a controlled area of land, a wolf can live to be up to 16 years old. 1) After more than a century of assault by humans, the wolf population had dwindled to no more than a handful by the 1970s in Mexico and the American southwest. 2) The program is now about halfway to meeting its goal of a wild population of at least 100 wolves covering more than 12,800 square kilometers. 3) Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 captive-breeding facilities and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. 4) A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because of the high mortality rate in the wild. 5) The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free takes off. *Francisco and Sheila were pioneers in a federal program in Eureka, 32 kilometers southwest of S1. Louis, the United States, to restore the endangered Mexican gray wolf, the rarest and most genetically distinct subspecies of gray wolf in North America. After more than a century of assault by humans, the wolf population had dwindled to no more than a handful by the 1970s in Mexico and the American southwest. The research center, popularly known as the Wolf Sanctuary*, was founded in 1971 by Marlin Perkins, a world-renowned naturalist and former director of the St. Louis Zoo, and his wife Carol. Besides the Mexican wolf, the sanctuary works with the endangered red wolf, maned wolf (maned: 有鬃毛的; maned wolf 鬣狼), swift fox and African wild dogs. In the late 1970s, the last seven known wolves were captured in the wild or taken from zoos to begin the breeding program. In 1981, the first captive-bred litter of Mexican gray wolves produced in the federal program was born at the Wild Canid (犬科动物) Center, and the first release into the wild took place in 1998. The program is now about halfway to meeting its goal of a wild population of at least 100 wolves covering more than 12,800 square kilometers. Though in captivity themselves, Francisco and Sheila taught their pups so well that many are thriving in the wild. They were ideal parents. They raised 25 babies, taught them good survival skills and sent many of them off to live on their own. Nine of Francisco and Sheilas offspring were among the first 11 captive-born Mexican gray wolves released in 1998. Both parent wolves have since died - Francisco at age 14 in December. Sheila at age 16 in June 2000 - but they lived, as captive wolves often do, roughly twice as long as wolves in the wild. Today the Wild Canid Survival and Research Center in Eureka estimates that 98 percent of Mexican wolves released from the federal program are descendants of the prolific* lobo* pair. （lobo=timber wolf）About 250 lobos now live in captivity at 45 US and Mexican facilities. The Wild Canid Center, however, has produced more puppies and housed more Mexican grays than any other facility. The Wild Canid Center is ideated* on 25 isolated hectares(公顷) within Washington Universitys Tyson Research Center. The wolves live in large outdoor with minimal human contact. They learn to hunt, , live in natural family packs, and to be suspicious of people - all necessary skills for surviving in the wild. Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. They also maintain . A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because ofthe in the wild. Its not uncommon for freed wolves to be struck by cars or shot by hunters; in recent weeks, five have died. Despite the losses, released wolves are . The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free . Scientists want to let nature decide whats a good wolf and whats not through . The Wild Canid Center is ideated* on 25 isolated hectares(公顷) within Washington Universitys Tyson Research Center. The wolves live in large outdoor enclosures with minimal human contact. They learn to hunt, raise young, live in natural family packs, and to be suspicious of people - all necessary skills for surviving in the wild. Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 captive-breeding facilities and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. They also maintain a genetic database. A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because of the high mortality rate in the wild. Its not uncommon for freed wolves to be struck by cars or shot by hunters; in recent weeks, five have died. Despite the losses, released wolves are reproducing. The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free takes off. Scientists want to let nature decide whats a good wolf and whats not through natural selection. Exercise B Sentence Dictation Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times. Exercise C Detailed Listening 1 Directions: Listen to the passage and complete the information about a Mexican gray wolf research center. 1) The research centers known as: the Wolf Sanctuary 2) Location: in Eureka. 32 Kilometers southwest of St. Louis. the United States3) Founding: in 19714) Purpose: to restore the endangered Mexican gray wolf5) Founder: Marlin Perkins. a world-renowned naturalist and former director the St. Louis Zoo. and his wife Carol2. Directions: Fill in the blanks with events connected with the following time expressions. 1) In the late 1970s: The last seven known wolves were captured in the wild or taken from zoos to begin the breeding program. 2) In 1981: The first captive-bred litter of Mexican gray wolves produced in the federal program was born at the wild Canid Center. 3) In 1998: The first release into the wild took place. Exercise D After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1) Francisco and Sheila were pioneers in a federal program. Though in captivity themselves, they taught their pups so well that many are thriving in the wild. They were ideal parents. They raised 25 babies, taught them good survival skills and sent many of them off to live on their own. Nine of Francisco and Sheilas offspring were among the first 11 captive-born Mexican gray wolves released in 1998. Both parent wolves have since died - Francisco at age 14 in December. Sheila at age 16 in June 2000 but they lived, as captive wolves often do, roughly twice as long as wolves in the wild. The Wild Canid Center is ideated on 25 isolated hectares within. Washington Universitys Tyson Research Center. Today the Wild Canid Survival and Research Center estimates that 98 percent of Mexican wolves released from the federal program are descendants of the prolific lobo pair. About 250 lobos now live in captivity at 45 US and Mexican facilities. The Wild Canid Center has produced more puppies and housed more Mexican grays than any other facility. Other large US newspapers were singled out too, including the Wall Street Journal, which won the Pulitzer for breaking news, despite being displaced from its offices at the World Trade Center. The Washington Post received Pulitzers in two categories, investigative and national reporting.(Open)Section Three News News Item1 When Astroland opened in 1962 it represented the future of amusement theme parks, boasting state-of-the-art rides(游乐场所供人玩乐的乘坐装置) and attractions operating with an outer-space theme.The park is a fixture on the Coney Island boardwalk, best known for the Cyclone, its wooden roller coaster and the Wonder Wheel, a seaside landmark. Astrolands 22 rides and three game arcades provided jobs for up to 300 people.Astroland has been by far the biggest amusement center on Coney Island, which has been a favorite holiday destination for Americans in the New York area since the 19th Century. It is the birthplace of the hot dog and is known for its kitschy rides, street performers, sand beaches and family-friendly atmosphere.But Astrolands final chapter may be still to come. A few days after the parks announced closure, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said hope is not yet lost, and that city officials are trying to step in and get a one-year renewal of Astrolands lease.A. Astrolands announced closureB. 1. It opened in 1962.2. It represented the future of amusement theme parks, boasting state-of-the-art rides and attractions operating with an outer-space theme.3. It is best known for the Cyclone, its wooden roller coaster and the Wonder Wheel, a seaside landmark.4. Because they enjoy its kitschy rides, street performers, sand beaches and family-friendly atmosphere.5. No. The city officials are trying to step in and get a one-year renewal of Astrolands lease.News Item 2Its called the Highline. Its a newly renovated and elevated promenade that was once a railway line for delivering cattle and other food stock. In 1980, the train made its last delivery, bringing frozen turkeys to lower Manhattan. In a densely populated city, the Highline now provides open space for relaxation as it winds through neighborhoods once noted for slaughterhouses. Its an oasis in a sea of concrete. The walkway includes more than 100 species of plants inspired by the wild landscape left after the trains stopped running. New construction is everywhere. Apartments, office towers, restaurants and even a museum have sprouted alongside the promenade. The first section of the Highline was inaugurated in May, after 15 years of planning and political battles. New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, along with benefactors like clothing designer Diane von Furstenberg and her husband, media mogul Barry Diller, cut the ribbon.The first two sections of the Highline cost $152 million. Of that, $44 million was raised by the public. To those who visit, it seems it was well worth the wait and the money.News Item3African American History Museum An old Greyhound Bus* terminal sits unused in the heart of downtown Dothan, Alabama. Its hardly noticeable, nestled between two office buildings and surrounded by a chain link fence. There are no written signs that hint of the structures controversial history. Four decades ago it was a symbol of racial segregation. During the 1960s, bus terminals like other public facilities throughout the American south were divided into white areas and black areas. The building still has the separate entrance and restroom facilities that black customers were legally required to use. Today, those elements have a different social value, and they will become one of the centerpieces of a new African American history museum. The museum will include galleries devoted to the accomplishments of George Washington Garver* and other black scientists and inventors. There will be a gallery depicting black heroes of military and social campaigns. And the city of Dothan is helping. Its providing the museum with some financial support, and its already promoting the attraction to visitors. The G-W Carver Interpretive Museum should open doors by August and its director Francina Williams hopes to capitalize on Alabamas historic role . the center of Americas Civil Rights movement. When visitors come to Birmingham, Selma and Montgomery to learn about the struggles that African Americans have endured, she would like them I make a side trip to Dothan to see what African Americans have contributed to Alabama, America Id the world. Exercise A Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about an African American history museum showing the struggles and contributions f African Americans. Exercise B Direction: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1.F2. T 3. F 4.F 5.T 6. T 7. F 8.TSection Four supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature Report Lamaina grew up listening to her grandfathers stories of Garaguso.Tommaso Lamaina immigrated from Garaguso to Philadelphia in the 1920s in search of work. But he never let his family forget the place where generations of their forefathers had lived. The stories inspired Lamainas dream of developing her own relationship with a place she was never able to visit with her grandfather, who died when she was a teenager. So in 2000, with years of experience as a professional photographer behind her, she decided to begin an annual pilgrimage to Garaguso to capture life there on film. Garaguso is a farming village, home to about 1,500 people, in the mountainous region of Basilicata, located in the instep of Italys boot. Its one of the most remote and least developed zones in the country. After decades of emigration, its sparsely populated. One out of seven of the people who remain cant read or write. Lamainas photos show a Garaguso that seems hardly to have c
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